Unit 1 Part 9: States of Matter

Solid Liquid Gas

Definite volume and shape (volume and shape don’t depend

on container)

Definite volume and takes shape of the part of the container it

occupies

Assumes shape and volume of its container

Relatively low Kinetic Energy (only movement is vibration)

Medium amount of kinetic energy (particles can vibrate and slide)

Relatively high Kinetic Energy (particles can move any way

possible)

Relatively high amount of order (particles are organized)

Medium Amount of Order (particles have some organization)

Relatively low order (particles have almost no organization)

Very low Rate of Diffusion (particles mix slowly) (think of pouring sand into a bucket of

salt)

Medium Rate of Diffusion (particles mix readily) (think milk into coffee)

Relatively high rate of diffusion (particles mix very

quickly - think Axe Body Spray)

Relatively high Density (high mass in little volume)

Medium Density (medium mass for the volume it has)

Relatively low Density (small mass for large volume)

Incompressible

(can’t be squished)

Relatively incompressible

(can squish a little, but enough pressure will turn liquid into solid)

High Level of Compressibility

(easily squished)

Strong attractive forces between particles

Medium attractive forces between particles

Weak attractive forces between particles

COMPRESSIBILITY

Gas Liquid Solid

very squishy! NOT squishy

Classifying MatterMatter: anything that occupies space and has mass.

We classify matter according to its composition (the basic components that make it up).

Pure substances Mixtures Same/fixed

composition

Must be separated chemically (bonds

broken)

Examples: O2 (oxygen gas), Ti (titanium), water (H2O)

Formed when two or more substances (s, l, g, aq) are physically combined

All substances in mixture retain their own

chemical properties Can be separated physical means, such

as:filtering, dissolving, boiling (distillation)

Elements Compounds

Cannot be broken down and still maintain

identity

One type of atom (basic building blocks)

Found on the Periodic Table

Chemical combination of two or more elements in fixed definite proportions

Cannot be separated by physical means Properties of compound are different than

individual elements

MatterNO!

Can it be physically separated?YES!

YES!NO!Pure substances

Separate into simpler substances?

Examples: H2 (hydrogen gas), Na (sodium)

Heterogeneous Homogeneous Parts of the mixtures are NOT evenly

distributed (poorly mixed)o Does not look the same throughout

Examples:granite, chocolate chip cookies

Parts of the mixtures are evenly distributed (evenly mixed)

Is also called a solutiono Substance doing the dissolving is

called the solvent (ex: water in salt water)

o The substance being dissolved is the solute (ex: salt in salt water)

Examples: air, milk, alloys (steel, brass)Let’s Practice!Part I Directions: Identify each of the following images as an element, compound, or mixture!

Type of matter? element

How do you know? single type of atomType of matter? element (diatomic)

How do you know? two of the same type of atom

Type of matter? compound

How do you know? multiple, different atoms bonded

together (different colors)

Type of matter? mixture

How do you know? compound and element in the

same space, but not chemically bonded (not

touching)

Uniform throughout?

MixturesNO! YES!

Part II Directions: Identify each of the following images as an element, compound, heterogeneous mixture, or homogeneous mixture and give at least three examples of each (that were NOT already provided in your notes!)

Type of Matter element compound heterogeneous

mixturehomogeneous

mixture

Examples

so many possible options!

1. helium (He)

2. zinc (Zn)

3. nitrogen gas (N2)

1. CO2 (carbon dioxide)

2. C6H12O6 (glucose)

3. NaCl (table salt)

1. oil and water

2. Lucky Charms cereal

3. wet sand

1. vanilla ice cream

2. soy latte

3. bronze (an alloy)

Methods for Separating a Mixture: Both heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures can be separated by physical means into the component parts that make up the mixture.

1. A solid and liquid mixture can be separated by pouring the mixture through a filter paper designed to allow only the liquid to pass.

2. A homogeneous mixture of liquids can be separated using distillation, a process in which the mixture is heated and the more volatile (more easily vaporized) liquid is boiled off first. A condenser is then used to recollect the vaporized component.

3. Paper chromatography takes advantage of the fact that different components of a homogeneous mixture have different attractions to a solvent and paper.

Directions: Identify the following as: element (E), compound (C), heterogeneous mix (He) or homogeneous mix (Ho).

a. Table salt C b. Nitric acid (HNO3) C c. Sugar (Glucose) C

d. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) C e. Milk Ho f. Air Ho

g. Nitrogen gas (N2) E h. Zinc (Zn) E i. Pulpy orange juice He

Directions: Use the particle representations below to answer #1-5. Answer choices may be used more than once!

A B C D E

1. Compound C 2. Nitrogen, N2 A 3. Mixture of two elements B

4. Element A 5. Mixture of water, H2O, and hydrogen H2 D

Directions: Choose the best possible answer for each question.

1. A forensic technician is examining a fine white powder found at a crime scene. It appears to be of uniform texture and consistency. He finds that upon heating, the substance decomposes, releasing a colorless gas and leaving a black residue. Based on these observations, the substance is:

A a homogeneous mixture C either a homogeneous mixture or a compoundB a heterogeneous mixture D a compound

2. An example of a heterogeneous mixture is

A bronze. B concrete. C brass. D water.

3. How is a mixture different from a compound?

A Particles of a mixture are combined chemically.B Components of a mixture can only be separated chemically.C Components of a mixture can be separated by physical means. D Composition of a mixture may be constant.

4. A transparent liquid has uniform color. Under a microscope, no difference in uniformity is apparent. The liquid all boils away at the same temperature. Based on this information, it can be concluded that the liquid is:

A an element C either a pure substance or a homogeneous mixtureB a homogeneous mixture D a pure substance

Directions: Identify if each of the samples below can be separated by physical means. Explain your answer.

1. Sample 1 2. Sample 2No, sample 1 cannot be separated by physical means: it is a pure substance since only one compound is present.

Yes, sample 2 can be separated by physical means: two different elements are present and NOT chemically bonded to each other, so this is a mixture.