1 Mr. MM. Mohideen (Tr) | Real Tution Centre

kpd;dpd; fhe;j tpisT

1819k; Mz;L nld;khu; ehl;ilr; Nru;e;j xu;];ul; vd;gtu; kpd;Ndhl;lj;jpdhy; fhe;j tpisT cz;lhFk; vd;gij fz;lwpe;jhu;.

gupNrhjid

glj;jpy; fhl;bathW mikg;ig Vw;gLj;jp Mspia %b mtjhdpf;Fk; NghJ jpir fhl;bapd; Crp jpUk;gyilAk;.

kpd;Ndhl;lk; ghAk; jpiria khw;Wk; NghJ Crpapd; jpUk;gy; kWGwkhf fhzg;gLk;. KbT :

vdNt kpd;Ndhl;lk; ghAk; NghJ flj;jpia #o fhe;jg;Gyk; cUthfpd;wJ vdyhk;.

flj;jpapD}lhf kpd;Ndhl;lk; ghAk; jpir khWgLk; NghJ fhe;jg;Gyj;jpd; jpirAk; khWk;.

flj;jpapD}lhf kpd;Ndhl;lk; ghAk; NghJ flj;jpia #o ,U Gyq;fs; fhzg;gLk;.

01. kpd;Gyk; : kpd;Ndhl;lk; ghAk; jpirapy; flj;jpia #o fhzg;gLk;.

02. fhe;jg;Gyk; : flj;jpf;F nrq;Fj;jhd jpirapy; fhzg;gLk;.

cs;sq;if tyf;if tpjp

Neupa flj;jpahdJ tyJ ifapdhy; ,Wfg;gpbf;Fk; NghJ ngUtpuyhdJ kpd;Ndhl;lj;jpd; jpiria Fwpf;Fk; NghJ Vida tpuy;fspd; tistpd; Nghf;F fhe;jg;Gyj;jpd; jpiriaf; Fwpf;Fk;.

flj;jpapD}lhf kpd;Ndhl;lk; ghAk; NghJ fhe;jg;Gyk; cz;lhtijf; fhl;ly;

nky;ypa fz;zhb glyj;jpd; fPo; xU rl;lf; fhe;jj;jpid itj;J mjd; kPJ ,Uk;Gj; Jfs;fis ,l;L fz;zhbg; glyj;ij nkJthfj; jl;Ljy; Ntz;Lk;.

,Uk;Gj; JUty;fs; xU Nfhyj;jpy; miktij fhzyhk;.

,J epiyahd fhe;j me;jj;ij #o;e;J cz;lhFk; fhe;jg; GykhFk;.

,q;F fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s ,Uk;G JUtyhd NfhL fhe;j tpirf; NfhLfshFk;.

fhe;j tpirf; NfhL

XuyF tl KidT ,aq;Fk; my;yJ ,aq;f vj;jdpf;Fk; ghijahFk;.

fhe;j tpirf;NfhLfspd; ,ay;Gfs; :

01. fhe;jj;jpd; tl Kidapy; ,Ue;J njd;Kidia Nehf;fpr; nry;Yk;.

02. fhe;j tpirf;NfhLfs; xd;iw xd;W ntl;br; nry;yhJ.

2 Mr. MM. Mohideen (Tr) | Real Tution Centre

fk;gpr;RUspy; Vw;gLk; fhe;jg;Gyk;

kpd;idf; fhTk; fk;gpr;RUs; xd;wpid kpd;fhe;jk; vdyhk;.

kpd;fhe;jk; xd;iw gpd;tUkhW tiff; Fwpf;fyhk;

gpshj;jpf;F fl;ilapy; nrg;Gf;fk;gpapdhy; Rw;Wf;fis Vw;gLj;jp nrg;Gf;fk;gpapd; ,U me;jq;fSld; kpd;fyk;> Msp vd;gtw;iw njhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.

E}y;fl;il FohapDs; fy;tNdRg; gLj;jg;gl;l ,Uk;Gf; fk;gpfs; 05I itj;J Mopia %b kpd;Ndhl;lj;ij toq;Fk; NghJ Mzpfs; fhe;jj; jd;ik ngWtijf; fhzyhk;.

kpd;Ndhl;lj;ij Jz;bf;Fk; NghJ fhe;jj;jd;ik mw;Wg;NghFk;.

kpd;fhe;jj;jpd; typikia mjpfupf;f Ntz;Lkhapd;

01. kpd;Ndhl;lj;jpd; msit mjpfupj;jy; (kpd;fyq;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia mjpfupj;jy;)

02. fk;gpr;RUspy; Rw;Wf;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia mjpfupj;jy;.

03. kpd;fhe;j mfzpf; fk;gpfspd; vz;zpf;ifia mjpfupf;fj;jy;.

nkd;dpUk;G mfzpahfg; gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ kpd;Ndhl;lj;ij RUSf;F toq;Fk; NghJ fhe;jj; jd;ikiag;

ngWk;. kpd;Ndhl;lj;ij Jz;bf;Fk; NghJ fhe;jj;jd;ik mw;Wg; NghFk;.

mfdpahf cUf;F gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ kpd;Ndhl;lj;ij Jz;bf;Fk; NghJk; fhe;jj;jd;ik mw;Wg; NghfhJ.

RUspd; mz;ik me;jj;jpy; tyQ;Ropahf kpd;Ndhl;lk; ghAkhapd; mJ kpd;fhe;jj;jpd; njd;KidT vdg;gLk;.

RUspd; mz;ik me;jj;jpy; ,lQ;Ropahf kpd;Ndhl;lk; ghAkhapd; mJ kpd;fhe;jj;jpd; tlKidT vdg;gLk;.

kpd;fhe;jq;fspd; gad;ghL 01. kpd;kzpapy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. 02. mjpupapy; gad;gLk;.

03. fjTfis %Lk;G+l;lhf gad;gLk;. cjhuzk; : Fsp&l;bfspy;

04. Ez; kpd; Rw;Wilg;ghdpy; gad;gLk;. (MCB)

05. kpd; fhe;j ghue;J}f;fpfspy; gad;gLk;.

06. rpy tpisahl;Lg; nghUl;fspy; gad;gLk;.

07. itj;jparhiyfspy; fz;fspy; tpOe;j cNyhfj;Jfs;fis mfw;wg; gad;gLk;.

08. njhiyNgrpapd; nrtpg;gd;dpapy; gad;gLk;.

epiyahd fhe;jk; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; re;ju;g;gq;fs;

01. ildNkh 02. kpd;gpwg;ghf;fp 03. xyp ngUf;fp 04. EZf;Fg;gz;zp

kpd;kzp

Mspia %Lk; NghJ kpd;Rw;W G+uzg;gLj;jg;gLtjhy; kpd;fhe;jk; cUthFk;.

kpd; fhe;jj;jpdhy; nky;ypa MNkhr;ru; ftug;gLtjhy; rk;kl;b kzp %bAld; Nkhjp xyp vOg;Gk;.

MNkhr;rupdhy; ftug;gl;L njhLifg;Gs;sp 𝑥 mirtjhy; kpd;Rw;W Jz;bf;fg;gLk;.

,jdhy; kpd;fhe;jk; mw;Wg;Nghf RUs; tpy;ypd; jd;ik khWtjpy; kPz;Lk; MNkhr;ru; gioa epiyf;F jpUk;Gk;.

,jdhy; 𝑥 ,y; kPz;Lk; njhLif Vw;gl;L kpd;Rw;W jpUk;gTk; G+uzg;gLk;.

3 Mr. MM. Mohideen (Tr) | Real Tution Centre

gpskpq;fpd; ,lf;if tpjp

,lJ ifapd; ngUtpuy;> Rl;Ltpuy;> eLtpuy; Nghd;wit xd;Wf;F xd;W nrq;Fj;jhf gpbf;Fk; NghJ $l;L tpuyhdJ fhe;jg;Gyj;jpd; jpiriaAk; eLtpuyhdJ kpd;Ndhl;lj;jpd; jpiria Fwpf;Fk; NghJ ngUtpuyhdJ flj;jp ,aq;Fk; jpiria Fwpf;Fk;.

gpskpq;fpd; ,lf;if tpjpg;gbNa NeNuhl;l Nkhl;lhu; ,aq;Ffpd;wJ.

fhe;jg;Gyj;jpd; kpd;id flj;Jk; RahjPd flj;jpapd; kPJ xU tpir njhopw;gLtij mtjhdpj;jtu; ikf;fy; guNl Mthu;.

glj;jpy; A apy; ,Ue;J B ia Nehf;fp kpd;Ndhl;lk; ghAkhapd;

01. flj;jp mirAk; jpir ahJ? Nky; Nehf;fp mirAk;

NeNuhl;l Nkhl;lu;

NeNuhl;l Nkhl;lu; xd;iw NeNuhl;l ildNkhthf gad;gLj;jyhk;.

NeNuhl;l Nkhl;lupy; ,U epiyj;j fhe;jq;fSf;fpilapy; xU fk;gpr; RUyhshd Royf; $ba MNkhr;ru; fhzg;gLk;.

fk;gpr;RUspd; ,U KidAk; gpsT tisaq;fspy; nghUj;jg;gl;bUf;Fk;.

,g;gpsT tisaq;fs; kpd;dpd; jpirkhw;Wk; jpirkhw;wp tyaq;fshFk;.

gpsT tisaq;fs; cUf;fpdhy; Md Jilg;gq;fSld; njhLifapy; fhzg;gLk;.

Nkhl;lupd; njhopw;ghL

glk; I y; MNkhr;rupy; kpd;Ndhl;lj;jpir ABCD fhzg;gLk;. mjdhy; AB fPo; Nehf;fpAk; CD Nky;

Nehf;fpAk; mire;J glk; II y; cs;sJ Nghy; fhzg;gLk;.

glk; II y; MNkhr;rupDs; kpd;Ndhl;lj;jpir DCBA topNa fhzg;gLk;. ,jdhy; AB gf;fk; Nky;Nehf;fpAk;

CD gf;fk; fPo; Nehf;fpAk; mire;J glk; I y; cs;sJ Nghy; mikAk;.

epfo;T njhlu;r;rpahf eilngWtjhy; MNkhr;ru; Rw;wpf; nfhz;Nl ,Uf;Fk;.

Fwpg;G : Nkhl;lupd; gpsT tisaq;fs; xt;nthU miur; Rw;wpd; NghJk; kpd;Ndhl;lj;jpd jpiria khw;Wk;.

kpd;fhe;j J}z;ly;

1831k; Mz;L ikf;fy; guNl (,q;fpyhe;J) fhe;jj;jpid gad;gLj;jp kpd;id cUthf;f KbAk; vdf; fz;lwpe;jhu;.

kpd;fhe;j J}z;lypid mwpjy;

nrg;Gf;fk;gpapdhy; Rw;iw Mf;fp fk;gpapd; ,U me;jq;fisAk; ika G+r;rpa fy;tNdhkhdpAld; njhLj;jy;.

rl;lf;fhe;jk; xd;iwg; ngw;W RUspd; mUfpy; nfhz;L nry;Yk; NghJ eilngWk; khw;wj;ij mtjhdpj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

glk; I glk; II

t nj

A

B

4 Mr. MM. Mohideen (Tr) | Real Tution Centre

nraw;ghL :-

RUs; mirahJ fhe;jk; RUis Nehf;fp mirAk; NghJ jpUk;gy; tyJ Gwkhf fhzg;gLk;.

fhe;jk; RUspDy; mirahJ ,Uf;Fk; NghJ jpUk;gy; Vw;glhJ.

fhe;jk; RUspy; ,Ue;J mg;ghy; mirAk; NghJ jpUk;gy; ,lJ Gwkhf Vw;gLk;.

fhe;jk; mirahJ RUs; fhe;jj;jpd; mg;ghy; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ jpUk;gy; ,lJ Gwkhf ,Uf;Fk;.

fhe;jk; mirahJ RUs; fhe;jj;ij Nehf;fp mirAk; NghJ jpUk;gy; tyJ Gwkhf ,Uf;Fk;.

xNu Ntfj;jpy; xNu jpirapy; fhe;jKk; RUSk; mirAk; NghJ jpUk;gy; Vw;glhJ.

kpd;fhe;j J}z;ly; tpjp

fk;gpr;RUs;njhlu;ghf fhe;jg;gha khw;wk; Vw;gLk; NghJ kl;Lk; mf;fk;gpr; RUspy; xU kpd;Ndhl;lk; J}z;;lg;gLfpwJ. ,J kpd; fhe;j J}z;ly; vdg;gLk;.

J}z;lYld; $ba kpd;Ndhl;lj;jpd; gUkd; gpd;tUkhW fhuzpfspy; jq;fpapUf;Fk;

01. RUs; my;yJ fhe;jk; mirAk; Ntfk;.

02. fhe;jj;jpd; typik.

03. Rw;wf;fspd; vz;zpf;if.

u\;a ehl;L tpQ;Qhdpahd nyd;]; vd;gtu; gpd;tUk; tpjpia ntspapl;lhu;.

nyd;]pd; tpjp

J}z;ly; kpd;Ndhl;lj;jpd; jpirahdJ mjid Vw;gLj;Jk; khw;wj;jpid vjpu;f;Fk; jpirapy; fhzg;gLjhf mikAk;. ,J nyd;]pd; tpjp vdg;gLk;.

5 Mr. MM. Mohideen (Tr) | Real Tution Centre

guNlapd; tpjp

J}z;ly; kpd;dpaf;f tpirahdJ flj;jpapdhy; ntl;lg;gLk; fhe;jg;gha khw;w tpfpjj;jpw;F Neu;tpfpjkhFk;

gpnskpq;fpd; tyf;if tpjp

tyJ ifapd; ngUtpuy;> eLtpuy;> Rl;Ltpuy; Nghd;wit xd;Wf;nfhd;W nrq;Fj;jhf gpbf;fg;gLk; NghJ Rl;L tpuyhdJ fhe;jg;Gyj;jpd; jpiriaAk; ngUtpuyhdJ flj;jp ,aq;Fk; jpiriaAk; Fwpf;Fk; NghJ eLtpuyhdJ kpd;Ndhl;l jpiriaf; Fwpf;Fk;.

RUspy; xd;wpAs;s fhe;j tpirf;NfhLfspd; vz;zpf;ifapy; khw;wk; epfOk; NghJ khj;jpuk; RUspy; $ba kpd;Ndhl;lk; cUthFk;.

gpnskpq;fpd; tyf;if tpjpAld; njhlu;ghd cgfuzk;

Ex :- ildNkh (kpd;gpwg;ghf;fp)

ildNkh (kpd;gpwg;ghf;fp)

ildNkh 03 tifg;gLk;.

01. irf;fps; ildNkh.

02. NeNuhl;l ildNkh.

03. MlNyhl;l ildNkh.

irf;fps; ildNkhtpy; RoYk; gFjp fhe;jkhFk;.

MlNyhl;l ildNkhtpYk;> NeNuhl;l ildNkhtpYk; RoYk; gFjp tupr;RUisf; nfhz;l MNkhr;ru; MFk;.

Fwpg;G

irf;fps; ildNkhit xU ikag;G+r;rpa fy;tNdhkhdpAld; ,ize;J ,af;fp mtjhdpf;Fk; NghJ khdpapd; jpUk;gy; ,U gf;fq;fspYk; khwp khwpf; fhzg;gLk;.

irf;fps; ildNkh

,q;F fk;gpr;RUs;fspd; kj;jpapy; RoYk; cUis tbthd fhe;jk; fhzg;gLk;. njhopw;ghL :

ildNkhtpd; jiy irf;fps; laUld; njhLifAWk; NghJ jiy Roy;tjhy; mjDld; fhe;jKk; RoYk; NghJ fk;gpr;RUs;fSld; xd;wpAs;s fhe;j tpirf;NfhLfspd; vz;zpf;ifapy; khw;wk; Vw;gLtjhy; J}z;ba kpd;Ndhl;lk; cUthFk;.

cUthFk; J}z;ba kpd;Ndhl;lj;jpd; gUkd; gpd;tUk; fhuzpfspy; jq;fpapUf;Fk;.

01. fhe;jk; RoYk; Ntfk;.

02. fhe;jj;jpd; typik.

03. fk;gpr;RUspy; Rw;Wf;fspd; vz;zpf;if.

NeNuhl;l ijdNkh

gpse;j tisak; fhzg;gLfpwJ. MNkhr;ru; RoYk; NghJ mjDld; Nru;e;J gpse;j tisaKk; RoYk;.

J}z;ba kpd;dpaf;f tpir ∝ fhe;jg;gha khw;wk;

Neuk;

NeNuhl;l kpd;Df;Fupa tiuG (NeNuhl;l ildNkh)

kpd; fyq;fspy; ,Ue;J cUthFk; NeNuhl;lkpd;Df;Fupa tiuG

6 Mr. MM. Mohideen (Tr) | Real Tution Centre

MlNyhl;l ildNkh

MlNyhl;l ildNkhtpy; gpse;j tisak; fhzg;glhJ. eOty; tisaNk fhzg;gLk;.

MNkhr;ru; xU Kiw RoYk; NghJ eOty; tisak; me;j J}upifia njhz;Lf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;.

MNlhNyhl;l kpd;dpd; tiuG

NeNuhl;l ildNkh

NeNuhl;l ildNkhtpw;Fk; MlNyhl;l ildNkhtpw;Fk; ,ilapyhd NtWghLfs; NeNuhl;l ildNkh MlNyhl;l ildNkh

01. eOty; tisak; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. 01. gpse;j tisak; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. 02. MNkhr;ru; RoYk; NghJ eOty; tisak;

mj;J}upifiaj; njhLk;. 02. gpse;j tisak; J}upifia khwp khwp gpse;j

tisak; njhLk;. epiykhw;wp

MlNyhl;l kpd;dpd; Nthy;l; (Walt) msit xU ngWkhdj;jpy; ,Ue;J ,d;ndhU ngWkhdj;jpw;F khw;w khw;wp gad;gLk;.

khw;wpg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; ,lq;fs;

01. kpd; cw;gj;jp epiyaq;fs;

02. NubNah tYg; nghjpfspy; T.V Kjypik kpd;idg; gfpu;e;jspf;Fk; ,lk;. khw;wp :- nky;ypUk;Gj; jfl;lhy; Mf;fg;gl;l Clfnkdhd;wpy; xd;wd;Nky; xd;W Rw;wg;gl;l ,U RUisf;nfhz;lJ khw;wp vdg;gLk;.

khw;wpapd; gpujhd gFjpfs; gpd;tUkhW

01. nky;ypUk;Gj;jfL 02. fk;gpr;RUs;

epiykhw;wpapy; MlNyhl;l toq;fpAld; ,izf;fg;gLk; RUs; Kjw;RUs; vdg;gLk;.

Kjw;RUisf; nfhz;l Rw;W ngag;G Rw;W vd miof;fg;gLk;.

gaid ngWtjw;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gLk; Rw;Wg; gag;GRw;W vd miof;fg;gLk;;.

Kjw;RUspy; Vw;gLk; fhe;jg;gha khw;wkhdJ Jizr;RUspYk; fhe;jg;gha khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk;.

gb Fiwf;Fk; epiykhw;wp

gad;ghL :

MlNyhl;l kpd;dpd; Nthy;l; msit $ba ngWkdj;jpy; ,Ue;J Fiwe;j ngWkhdj;jpw;F khw;wg; gad;gLk;.

fhzg;gLk; ,lq;fs;

01. NubNah T.V tYg;nghjpfs;.

02. cau; mOj;jk; nfhz;l kpd;id 230V Mf khw;Wk; ,lq;fs;

,k;khw;wpapy; Kjy; Rw;wpy; cs;s Rw;Wfspd; vz;zpf;ifia tpl Jizr; Rw;Wf;fspy; cs;s Rw;Wf;fspd; vz;zpf;if FiwT.

,k;khw;wpapy; Kjy; RUspy; mOj;j NtWghl;il tpl Jizr;RUspd; mOj;j NtWghL FiwthFk;.

Kjw;RUspd; kpd;Ndhl;lj;ij tpl Jizr; RUspy; kpd;Ndhl;lk; mjpfkhFk;.

gb $l;Lk; epiykhw;wp

gad;ghL :

MlNyhl;l kpd;dpd; Nthy;l; msit xU ngWkhdj;jpypUe;J mjid tpl $ba ngWkhdj;jpw;F gb cau;j;j gad;gLk;.

kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaq;fspy; ,k;khw;wp fhzg;gLk;.

Kjw;RUspy; Rw;Wf;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia tpl Jizr;Rw;Wf;fspd; vz;zpf;if mjpfkhf fhzg;gLk;.

Kjw;RUspd; mOj;j NtWghl;il tpl Jizr;RUspd; mOj;j NtWghL mjpfkhFk;.

Kjw;RUspd; kpd;Ndhl;lj;ij tpl Jizr;RUspd; kpd;Ndhl;lk; FiwthFk;.

7 Mr. MM. Mohideen (Tr) | Real Tution Centre

Fwpg;G

epiykhw;wpapy; vg;NghJk; nga;g;G tYit tpl gag;G tY Fiwthf fhzg;gLk;. fhuzk; rf;jp ,og;G.

epiykhw;wpapy; rf;jp ,og;G ,y;iynadpd;

240V MlNyhl;l kpd;id 12V gbFiwf;f gad;gLk; khw;wpapy; Kjw;RUspy; 300 Rw;Wf;fs; fhzg;gbd; Jizr;RUspy; Rw;Wf;fspd; vz;zpf;if ahJ ?

24V MlNyhl;l kpd;id 12000V MlNyhl;l kpd;dhf gb cau;j;j gad;gLk; khw;wpapy; Kjw;RUspy; 600 Rw;Wf;fs; cz;L. Jizr;RUspy; vj;jid Rw;Wf;fs; fhzg;gLk;?

J}z;lw;RUs;

rpwpa NeNuhl;l Nthy;l; mstpy; ,Ue;J ngupa NeNuhl;l Nthy;l; msit ngWtjw;F gad;gLk;.

,jd; njhopw;ghL gb$l;L khw;wpapd; njhopw;ghl;il xj;jJ.

,jidf; fz;Lgpbj;jtu; N[u;kd; ehl;L njhopEl;gtpayhsuhd n`d;wp

&k;FNuhg; Mthu;.

nky;ypUk;G mfzp kPJ fhtyplg;gl;l nrk;Gf;fk;gpapdhy; Vwf;Fiwa 100

Rw;Wf;fs; mstpy; Rw;wg;gl;l Kjw;RUs; cz;L.

,jd; Nky; gy;yhapuf;fzf;fhd Rw;Wf;fis nfhz;l Jizr;RUs;

cz;L. (nky;ypa> fhtypl;l fk;gp)

Kjw;RUspd; Rw;wpy; kpd;id Mf;fpaspf;Fk; xU cgfuz mikg;Gk; nfhs;sytpAk; fhzg;gLk;.

,t;Tgfuzj;jpy; njhopw;ghl;bdhy; xU nrf;fdp-y; gy jlitfs; kpd; Rw;W Mf;fpaspf;fg;gLk;.

,t;thW kpd;Rw;W gy jlitfs; Mf;fp mopf;fg;gLtjdhy; Vw;gLk; fhe;jg;gha khw;wkhdJ Jizr;RUspy;

ngupa J}z;ly; kpd;dpaf;f tpiria Vw;gLj;Jk;.

nga;g;G tY = gag;G tY

VP IP = VS IS

VP = Kjw;RUspd; mOj;j NtWghL

VS = Jizr;RUspd; mOj;j NtWghL IP = Kjw;RUspd; kpd;Ndhl;lk;

IS = Jizr;RUspd; kpd;Ndhl;lk; VP NP

VS NS

= NP = Kjw;RUspd; Rw;Wf;fspd; vz;zpf;if

NS = Jizr;Rw;Wf;fspd; vz;zpf;if VP = Kjw;RUspd; mOj;j NtWghL

VS = Jizr;RUspd; mOj;j NtWghL

=