Smart Buildings and Beyond

David Wortley FRSA

Director Serious Games Institute

Coventry University

Smart Buildings and Beyond

“Integrating the Physical and Virtual to create Technology Infrastructure which tacklestoday’s social and economic challenges”

The Challenges

Environmental Costs

Sustainability

Stakeholder Value

& Experience

Key Messages Ambient Devices in physical and virtual spaces

deliver increasing levels of control and functionality Technology is becoming personalised and

“humanised Physical spaces are important hubs for building

social, economic and knowledge networks SHASPA integration of physical and virtual spaces

can add value and reduce costs

Introduction to the SGI

Serious Games Institute (SGI)

“An international centre of excellence for the application of immersive technologies to serious social and economic

issues”

West Midlands Region

London

Coventry

Stratford upon Avon

SGI Areas of Interest

Education Health Environment Smart Buildings

Relationships Interface Technology Innovation & Enterprise

What is a Smart Building ?

What makes a smart building ?

Rich personalised experience

Efficiency, security, reliability, control,

automation

Efficiency, Security, Reliability etc

Sensors, information processors, control devices, feedback systems.

Automated processes

Rich Personalised Experiences

Sensors, information processors, control devices, feedback systems.

Intelligent processes

Machines and Humans

Power, speed, efficiency, accuracy, stamina,

capacity, availability, inflexible

Judgement, sensitivity, care, humanity, fallibility,

creativity, versatility

Smart Buildings Must Satisfy Human Needs

To love and be loved vs devoid of emotion Personalisation vs one size fits all Easy to use interfaces vs unnatural devices Persistent history vs blank pages Facilitated new discovery vs delivery of existing Understanding & Wisdom vs Memorisation To be Connected vs isolated Motivation and challenge vs boring & repetitive Creative expression vs standard responses

Human Needs Machine Features

Smart Building Efficiency and Sustainability

(Slides from Cogent Computing)

Accounts for over 70% of the UK total primary energy consumption.

Breakdown • domestic sector - 42%

• industry - 34% • services sector (education, health,

retail, etc.) - 23%.

How is the energy used?• Heating – 40%

• water heating - 13%• lights and appliances – 9%• industrial process (15%)

Domestic sector – Since 1990• energy consumption has increased

by almost 20%• electricity consumption increased by

50%Source: UK Energy in Brief 2008 (617KB PDF)

The Built Environment - Dry Facts - UK

Earth and its people need GREEN BUILDINGS

Buildings have a significant impact on human health

• poor indoor air quality in buildings -significant health problems (cancers, asthma, Legionnaires' disease and

hypersensitivity pneumonitis)

• the effect of buildings on the productivity, health and well-

being of people who work indoors impacts other sectors

of the economy

Beyond climate change

Why little has been done/achieved so far?

1. Investment - little research investment comparatively

2. Technology offering has been poor- building, appliances

3. Legislation re quantifying building performance – somewhat lacking

4. People –habits are hard to change!!!Built environment has historically been a poor performer- Distinct lack of energy awareness in building clients, designers and occupants

- Existing/installed energy systems are operated and maintained un-efficiently

- Little has been measured

- Quantifiers and regulations are outdated and based on poor instrumentation being used in the 60’s/70’s (ex. – comfort models)

Best enablers – wireless sensor networksAllow one to turn any space into a field laboratory- close monitoring and adaptive control of

1. building equipment2. materials performance3. environmental conditions 4. well-being of the occupant in relation to their

surroundings- cohesive data management system

1. help understand the strategies for efficient building operation

2. obtain healthier environments3. closer relationship between occupants and

buildings.4. realize a leaner and more effective design,

construction, operation and facilities management regime

5. understand more deeply the patterns of building use

6. enable prediction of failure conditions thus informing maintenance regimes.

- vastly improve the living conditions for the building's occupants, resulting in- improved thermal comfort,- improved air quality,- health,- safety, and- productivity

- it will dramatically reduce the energy budget, needed to condition the space

- allow for integration and unification of data

- fusion of data types and sophisticated control strategies

First-order estimations indicate that such technology could reduce source energy consumption by 2 quads (quadrillion British Thermal Units or BTUs) in the U.S. alone. This translates to $55 billion per year, and 35 million metric tons of reduced carbon emissions.

A distributed building monitor and control approach could:

Choice of tools

+ home integrated CO2 sensing

+ home made field visualization tools

+ home made remote health monitoring system

15/4/2009

Cogent Projects and Stakeholders

“you can’t save what you haven’t measured”

“making buildings talk”Feeling good in our homes or offices is not just a matter of

having a beautiful space

15/4/2009

Why? – to decide deconstruct/refurbish/educate- to maintain and target repairs

What data? – energy consumption, temperature, CO2, light usage,

humidityWhat information? – comfort, dew points,

apparent temperatures, statistics, heat lose calculation, efficiency,

occupancy/rooms usageHow: 10-20 nodes WSN, 2 weeks

continuous monitoring

Quantifying old stock performance – just how bad is

this building?

15/4/2009

• Quantifying new buildsStakeholders: building contractors, materials manufacturers

Scope: verify performance for the passive house designs• Energy saving and comfort

Stakeholders: ultimately the occupants; heating/air conditioning systems manufacturers

Scope: formalize sensors placement for optimal thermal comfort and minimal energy consumption• Realizing live buildings

Stakeholders: commercial buildings ownersScope: showcasing the technology for future adoption

• Live buildings on the webStakeholders: the research community and public at large

Scope: data banks for further modeling and scientific findings

Other active projects

Realizing Live Buildings : The New EC Building Project

• Aims to deploy a wireless sensor network for monitoring environmental conditions inside and

outside buildings; • will use large 2/3 tiers WSN - temperature,

humidity, light, CO2; • multi-sensor data used for identifying

temperature hot and cold spots, high and low moisture areas and assessing the general comfort level of the building occupants.

• Focus on delivery of collected data in an interesting and informative manner for users

who interact with the system. • the user-end will allow access to the state of the

building 'at a glance'.

15/4/2009

Live Building on the Web Pilot• First of its kind in the UK

• Provides access to a live system that collects and stores all data from a live, building environmental monitoring system

• Multi-sensor raw data measurements are converted to scientific readings ready for use.

• The wireless sensor network is made available to the public over the internet via an interactive website

• All collected data will be made available for download via the internet providing a rich source of experimental data for

research staff and students.

Humanising Smart Building Technology

Immersive Technologies

Games Virtual Worlds Social Networks

Immersive Technologies deliver personalised experiences based on building “intelligent”

relationships

Immersive Applications are Humanising Technology

Delivering more control over our lives, our world and

our relationships – giving us access to a global network – building personalised relationship with

our technologies

Mobile Personal Agents

The mobile is becoming an alter-ego containing our

digital lives

Smart Cities

Integrating the physical and virtual world

Smart Hotels

The personalised guest experience

Hotels 2020 – Beyond Segmentation

Smart Schools

Added value for whole community

Smart Museums

Personalised Experiences

Smart Hospitals

Saving Lives through Patient Profiling and Virtual Specialists

Smart Retail Centres

Linking physical and virtual worlds

Shared Spaces and Relationships

Shared Spaces

“Passive”

“Active”

Shared Spaces and Relationships

Physical shared spaces act to our social relationships

Shared Physical Spaces

“Physical spaces are lagging behind virtual spaces in the ability to respond intelligently to the individual but can provide vital hubs to our

networks”

“Passive” “Active”

Integrating Physical and Virtual Places

The Components

Visualisation

Embedded Sensors

Sensors & 3D visualisations help us understand and manage our

environment

Geotagging

Ambient Interfaces

Augmented Reality

Social Networking

Artificial Intelligence

Embedded smart agents can develop a

personalised and persistent relationship

between you and a virtual or physical

space.

Mobile Devices

Mobile devices know who you are and where you are – they can be

the gateway to a personalised

relationship with physical spaces

SHASPA and Construction

SHASPA supports sustainable development through the innovative integration of

emerging technologies into construction projects

SHASPA Home Energy

Meeting the Challenges

Environmental Costs

Sustainability

Stakeholder Value

& Experience

Any Questions ?

Smart Buildings and Beyond

David Wortley FRSA

Director Serious Games Institute

Coventry University