Thermal Solutions for the Production of Battery Materials

Korea Advanced Battery Conference 2021

October 14, 2021

www.onejoon.com

© ONEJOON | 2020

Agenda

01

02 Thermal Solutions

How to make a difference

03 Thermal Solutions

for Battery Materials

ONEJOON at a glance

Corporate History

125-year track records of customized high-temperature industrial furnaces

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Global Location

USA (Minneapolis, Atlanta)Poland (Gliwice)

Germany (Bovenden, Boeblingen)

Korea (Suwon, Hwaseong)

Operations in nine(9) sites, five(5) countries

China (Shanghai, Haining Zhejiang)

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Thermal Solutions for Advanced Materials

Providing comprehensive experience for thermal processes up to 3000°C

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Thermal Solutions with Kilns & Furnaces

Kilns (Furnaces) for continuous operation

Tunnel Kiln

Roller Hearth Kiln

Pusher Kiln

Mesh-belt Kiln

Rotary Kiln

Customized Kiln

Atmospheres

Inert Atmosphere

Active Atmosphere

Flammable Atmosphere

Vacuum

Muffle Furnace Oxidation Oven Rotary Kiln Pusher Kiln Tunnel Kiln

Kilns (Furnaces) for batch operation

Shuttle Kiln

Lift-Bottom Kiln

Vacuum-Muffle Kiln

Top Hat Kiln

Chamber Kiln

Customized kiln

Batch Kiln Vacuum Furnace Lift Bottom Kiln High Temperature circulation Kiln Vertical Tube Furnace

Processes

Drying

Pyrolysis

Carbonization

Activation

Passivation

Deposition / Infiltration

Graphitization

Customized services for various industries

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Thermal Solutions by Process Engineering

Process Equipment

Powder Materials Handling

(Mixer, Hopper, Filter, …)

Pneumatic Conveying System

Quenching

Surface Treatment

Heat Recovery

Exhaust Gas Purification Systems

Turnkey Solutions

Process Development

Pre-engineering

System Integration

EPC-contracting

Complete Thermal Processing Lines

Material Flow Systems

Storage/Buffer Solutions

Gantry robots

Loading and unloading

equipment

Working-stations

Conveyor technic

Powder Handling

Carbon Fiber Processing LineBattery Material Processing Line

Optimization by process integration

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Thermal Solutions from Lab to Mass Production

Service Portfolio

Testing facilities and deep expertise in thermal processes

Broad range of testing facilities including electrically heated and gas fired ovens and furnaces,

with different types of atmosphere

Testing of diverse process conditions and plant designs

Define the right process parameters to scale up production

High flexibility in order to define the right process parameters under production conditions

Highly cost effective and efficient volume production as a result

Diversified expert team to provide consultancy and trouble shooting

Analysis of existing processes at customers’ production facilities

CFD simulation to better understand the impact of furnace design on process conditions

Joined development with national and international partners

Benefit

Benefit from expert knowledge

Develop and optimise thermal processes and production processes

Perform tests under realistic and ideal testing conditions

Early stage risk identification and development of alternative solutions

Transfer processes to industrial-scale production

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Agenda

01

02 Thermal Solutions

How to make a difference

03 Thermal Solutions

for Battery Materials

ONEJOON at a glance

Capacity Challenge

What is the best type of kiln?

More kilns or Larger kiln?

Need a customized design for a specific application?

Kiln determines product capacity as well as quality and productivity

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Cathode Active Material Challenges

Calcination on mass scale is difficult to control

Complexity increases with Ni content of CAM

High sensitivity of high-Ni CAM on:

• Temperature homogeneity

• Homogenous gas(Oxygen) distribution

• Lithium gradient

Mass production leads to poor performance

Air

O2H2O, CO2

H2O, CO2

Low Ni CAM High Ni CAM

Quality deviations due to kiln structure

• Heater location (radiation, conduction, convection)

• Injected gas flow and temperature

• Exhaust gas flow and location

• Transport medium (rollers, carts, plates, etc)

• Insulation materials and plan

• Dimension (length, height, width)

• Environment

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Anode Material Challenges

Closed type continuous graphitization process is more efficient than open type Acheson processIn terms of environmental issues and energy consumption

Source : Saint Gobain, Acheson Process

Artificial Graphite

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Conventional Batch Process New Continuous Process

Natural graphite

Polymer based

Deposition based

Bio material based

Petrocoke based

Artificial Carbon

& Silicon Composites

Anode

Materials

Silicon based

New anode materials require new thermal process and solutions

Anode Material ChallengesCarbon & Silicon Composites

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Scale-Up Procedure

Challenges

Material Properties

ProcessControl

Plant Efficiency

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Target for a Sustainable Production

Reduction of the energy consumption and emission

Temperature and atmosphere control to improve the yield

Minimizing manual operation by integration of the system

Improving material properties and quality

Increasing throughputs

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Agenda

01

02 Thermal Solutions

How to make a difference

03 Thermal Solutions

for Battery Materials

ONEJOON at a glance

Production Process of Cathode Active Materials

Optimal integration of the process and thermal solutions is a competitive advantageThermal solutions determine process competitiveness

→ kiln type & specification, dimensions, cost, utility consumption, product throughputs & quality, etc.

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Raw MaterialsMixing

PrimaryCalcination

MillingAir Classifying

ScreeningFiltering

SecondaryCalcination

AdditivesMixing

Blending

Packing

Roller Hearth Kiln, a State-of-the-Art thermal process of CAM

Roller Hearth Kiln is most widely used for CAM calcination.

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GAS GAS GAS GAS GAS

Lithium Hydroxide

p-CAM Heating (Chemical & Physical Reactions, Grains Growth) Cooling

Key Features of RHK

• Excellent temperature uniformity @ 800~1000℃

• Controllable gas flows

• First in, First out (products)

• Limitation of a loading weight (rollers)

• Heat loss through rollers

• Operation & Maintenance experts required

Kilns for Cathode Active Materials

Roller Hearth Kiln

Pusher Kiln

Rotary Kiln

Pusher Kiln and Rotary Kiln are developed as the alternative solutions of the main calcination as well as pre-calcination, drying and coating.

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Kilns Comparison for Cathode Active Matrials

Choosing a right kiln is the first step of the optimal process design

RK RHK PK

Gas tightness weak good very good

Contamination issues Bad negligible negligible

Energy efficiency very high medium high

Maximum annual capacity very high low high

cycling speedat low capacity very high high high

at high capacity very high high medium

Temperature homogeneityat low capacity very high high high

at high capacity very high low high

Gas flow controlat low capacity low medium high

at high capacity low low highQuality index considering temperature homogeneity, gas flow control, contaminations, etc.

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Alternative Thermal Solutions

New type of kilns are under the development to increase the production capacity

※ Series of experiments have been done for validation of concept to optimize and validate the CFD simulation model

CFD Simulation Batch Test Module Continuous Type Kiln

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Alternative Thermal Solutions

New development PK, upgraded from CAM RHK, will achieve larger throughputs

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Furnace or Reactor for Anode Materials

Typical Process

Drying

Vapor release

Pyrolysis

Carbonization

Activation

Passivation

Deposition

Graphitization

……

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Thermal Solutions for Every Challenge

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