FLL – Indoor greening guidelines -

1997, 2002, 2011, update for 2018

Manfred KöhlerLandschaftsarchitekt, BDLA

Hochschule Neubrandenburg,

Lehrgebiet Landschaftsökologie

President WGIN

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WGIC 2017 Berlin

Content, issue 2011, 10 chapter:

1. Aims2. Norms – guidelines

3. Functional aspects – reasons for indoor greening

4. Requirements to the building

5. Systems-/ details

6. Light and temperature7. Technical requirements

8. The plant list –Pflanzenliste-

(including: Climber, palm trees, ferns, Cactus family, succulents, orchids) 9. Maintenance / plant care

10. Other

11. Updates for the upcomming issue: Systematic for vertical indoor greening.

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1. Aim - Reason: What is an indoor greening?

- A permanent installation – lasting longer than 10 years.- Immobile or mobile installed planters.

Source: Koehler et al. 2012.

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Examples in Germany (it could be more … )

Tropical – mediterranean indoor garden – indoor Art installation.

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2. Related norms and guidelines

- Constructional norms,- Technical regulation (electricity,

water, access),

- Regulation about gardeningwork.

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3. Functional aspects:

Reasons for indoor greening:- Positive effects on people,- Climatization functions, such as:

-- better indoor climate,-- better / healthier environment.

- Cost savings by indoor greening?A survey study on this:

Source: Master thesis: Mollenhauer 2016, HS Neubrandenburg

Opening questions: office preferences: office 1 office 2

office 3 office 4

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Source: Master thesis by: Mollenhauer, 2016

Indoor greening in offices; Why?

X means-answers

case 3 case 4

case 1 case 5

case 2 Begrünuncase 6

3,98 4,03

3,533,71

[WERT] 4,24

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

4,0

4,5

5,0

Begrünung 1 Begrünung 2 Begrünung 3 Begrünung 4 Begrünung 5 Begrünung 6

Agree

˄

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

˅

Not agree

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Masterarbeit: Felix Mollenhauer 29.01.2016

Study results:

Positive of indoor greening:

75,5 82,1

31,8 33,8

71,5 66,9

47,758,9

17,925,8

35,127,8

0

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N = 868

N = 82

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WGIC 2017 Berlin

4. Technical requirements / Voraussetzungen:

- Structural load,

- Acces to media (Water, electricity, space, access for

periodic gardener work, …,

- DIN – Norms taking into account,

- The correct selected soil / growing media (corn size

distribution, nutrition),

- Alternative to the soil: e.g. „Hydroculture“,

- Illumination, (artificial or day light),

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5. Systems-/ details

- Construction open (to the ground),- Closed construction ( bassin-, or box sytems),- One layer or multi layer systems - growing media

structures,- Location of the water storage in the system,- Type of irrigation- Type of water storage in a extra layer under the media, - Definition of the growing media: Content of organic,

nutrition and more,- Extra chapter for Hydrokultur / Hydroponics.

Automatic irrigation – here a small installation

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Automatic irrigation, larger installation

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6. Light, temperature and other plant factors as

criteria in the plant list:

- Light: from low: with 500-1000 Lux to high: more than 4300 Lux,

- Soil moisture: from low: W4: desert soil to W1: Swampland type Mangrove,

- Air humidity: L1: more than 60% to L3: low 30-45% Air humidity,

- Air temperature: from T1: tropical, T2: subtropical / mediterranean,

T3: temperate, T4: Arid – desert.

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7. Technical requirements

- Glass types,

- Air ventilation,

- Technical air purification

and other

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8. The plant list –Pflanzenliste-(including: Climber, palm trees, ferns, Cactus family, succulents, orchids,

Indoor plants Top „100 Plant list“Criteria:

Available, suitable for indoor greening.Finally: - around 250 (species-syntax);- Tropic – subtropic – temperate – arid,- Not too fast growing, - Not too large at final stage, - Attractive habitus,- Easy maintenance.

From A to Z: some examples:

© WWW.NATURELOVEYOU.SG …

Abutilon speciese.g. Abutilon megapotamicum

Family: Malvaceae

Synonym: Sida megapotamica,

Schönmalve

About 200 species (left down: A. indicum).

Tropical

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmlilien

Yucca species, e.g.

Yucca treculiana

Fam. Asparagaceae, origin: Mexico, 53 sub-species

exist today, Palmlilie

Subtropic – Temperate - arid

Zamioculcas zamiifolia Fam. Araceae, Origin: East Africa, easy to care,

not too much irrigation, Zamia

Tropic – Subtropic

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zamioculcas_zamiifolia

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9. Maintenance / plant care work

Low moderate high

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9. Maintenance / accessibilityGood bad

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10. Other

-checklists to calculate the workloads,

and other materials.

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11. Updates in 2017 - under review:

- New chapter vertical indoor greening, examples from Hongkong and Zurich:

Vertical indoor examples,

Neubrandenburg

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Vertical indoor:

Pros Cons

-Less space is needed, - installation costs?-indoor Air climatization - maitenance costs?

-

Relation between costs and functions.

0

1

2

3

4

5Kosten

JährlichePflege

Energie sparen

Staubbindung

LärmbindungBiodiversität

Strukturvielfalt

Evapotranspiration

VisuelleQualität

Optimization to “Visual Quality”

Szenario VisuelleQualität

© Köhler

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Sytematic of vertical indoor strutures

Climber

e.g.

Tetrastigma vionierianum

Kastanienwein

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Systematics of vertical indoor greening:

- Climber

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Vertical boxes in horizontal structure

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Horizontal – module with irrigation reservoir

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Vertical – metall – small boxes -

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Investment: the bigger the lower sq-meter price. Material \ Kosten Größe

(m²)1 10 100 1000

Steuereinheit, Stck, ca. 6000 € 6000 600 60 6

Pflanzen 30 Stck/m² x 2€ ges. 60 600 6000 60.000

Technisches Aufbaumaterial (mittlerer Wert div. Anbieter). (Druckkompensierte Schläuche, …)

10 100 1000 10.000

Aufbaumaterial: Vliese, Halterungen, usw. (max.) /m²

100 1000 10000 100.000

Zusatzventile/pro Schaltkreis 30€ /Stck. Anzahl:

0 2 4 10

Kosten Ventile (€) 60 120 30

Pflegekosten 1x Anreise/Rüstzeit 200 200 200 200

Kosten/m² je Pflegegang 2€/m² 2 20 200 2000

Technische Inspektion der Bewässerung2x im Jahr, pauschal

250 250 300 300

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Resume – outlook:- Indoor greening opens opportunities in architecture,

- Esthetics and ecological functions are two connected

arguments for indoor greening,

- Environmental health and better human performance

are further arguments for more indoor greening,

- Indoor vertical plant installation are trendy,

- Larger projects means lower square-meter prices,

- A huge list of plant species is available.

- Many job opportunities are included in this topic.

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