Kodak Folding Autographic Brownie 2-A · lI I l P,icture tak'ing w'ith the No. 2-A Folding...

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EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY

P'ict'ttre tak,ing witii, the

No.2-AFolding Autographic

Brownie CameraRapid R ecti l inear Lens

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANYRocnBsrnn, N Y.

-i

Tcloxnow identtlfable

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RocHBSTER, I{. Y.

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Brownie Enlarging Cameras,Eastman Royal Bromide paper,

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October . 1924.


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P,icture tak'ing w'ith the

No. 2-AFolding Aurographic

Brownie CameraRapid Rectilinear Lens

Publi.shed. by

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY

RocnnsrBn. N. Y.

IIIJ _

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Order Film by NumberAll Kodak Films are distinguished by

the numbers on the ends of the cartons.A 116 is the number of the fi lm for this

camera (No. 2-A Folding AutographicBrownie). Tfis number is on the carton,on the cartridge, and on the back of thecamera.

Autographic film can be used in theearlier models of Brownies, "N.C."' f i lmcan be used in Autographic Brownies, butto get autograph,ic results, Autographic filmmust be used in an Autographic Brownie.

IMPORTANT

When Autographing film, bear downwith the stylus as heauily as the paperwill stand without tearing.

Before Loading

D EFORE taking any pictures with theL ) N o . 2 - A F o l d i n g A u t o g r a p h i cBrownie Camera, read the following in-structions carefully. Make yourself famil-iar with the camera, taking especial care

'to learn how to operate the shutter. Workit for both time and instantaneous ex-posures several times before loading thecamera with fi lm.

The first thing for the beginner to bearin mind is that the light, which serves toimpress the photographic image upon thesensitive film in a fraction of a second whenit comes through the lens, can destroythe film as quickly as it makes the picture.

Throughout the operations of loading andunloading, be very careful to keep thered paper wound tightly around the film

to prevent the l ight striking it.


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CONTENTS

Penr I

I.oading the Camera

Penr II

Making the Exposures

Operating the ShutterInstantaneous Exposures ..FocusingDiaphragmsUsing the FinderAutographic FeatureTime Exposures-InteriorsTo Make a PortraitTime Exposures-OutdoorsFlash-light Exposures

Penr I I I

Removing the FilmFinishing the Pictures .

PART I

Loading the Camera

THE film (A 116) for the No. 2-A Folding Auto-r graphic Brownie Camera is furnished in a

light-proof cartridge and the camera can be loadedin daylight. This should be done in asubdued light, not in the glare of brightsunlight. It should also be borne inmind that after the seal is broken, caremust be taken to keep the red papertight on the spool, or it may slip andloosen sufficiently to ruin or fog the fi lm.

1. To load the camera, take a posi-tion where the daylight is somewhatsubdued, not in the direct sunlight, andremove the front of the camera. To do this, pushthe metal lock to the right, Fig. 1, page 6. Thentake the front of camera by the two metal edgesand lift it upwards, first l ift ing the end on whichthe lock is fastened, Fig. 2, page 6, and removethat part of the camera entirely. The camera isnow ready for loading.

2. At each end of the camera there is a recessfor holding the fi lm spools.

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There is an emptythe camera; the f reshthe opposi te end.

Fig . 1

spool at the winding end ofcartr idge is to be inserted in

The empty spool ,which is used as thereel, must now be re-moved. This is doneby first drawing outthe winding key tothe l imi t of mot ion,which wil l release thespool , i t can then ber e a d i l y r e n r o v e d .F i g . 3 .

F i g . 3

3. Break and remove the gummed band thatholds the end of the red paper, unfold the end andthread the red paper as far as it wil l go, into thelonger opening of the sl i t in the empty spool, .rothat the slot 'in the end of tlte spool w'ill be at the top,wh'ile at the same t'ime the slot at the end of the fullspool will be at the bottom of the cartridge. Then give

the empty spool three or four turns, unt i l theblack l ines on the outside of the paper are reached.

Be careful that the paper draws straight and true.See Fig. 4.

I.-ig. 2


4. The camera may now be loaded by firstunroll ing about four inches of the red paper andthen placing the two spools into the f i lm pocketsat each end of the camera. Fig. 5.

tr lg. . \

Important

when inserting the spool of f i lm be sure to getthe top of the spool at the top of the camera (eachspool is marked with the word "Top," on the redpaper near the top of the spool). The windingk"y is on the top of the camera. If the spool off i lm is inserted wrong end up, the red paper insteadof the f i lm wil l face the lens, result ing in the totalloss of the pictures.

5- After the spools have been placed in thepockets, push the ful l spool as far back as possibleso that the tension spring may hold it securelyin place, creating suff icient drag to keep the f i lmtaut .

Press in on the winding key in the top of camera

and turn it to the left, unti l the web on the key

fits into the slot in the top of the empty spool, which

is the reel . F ig. 6.Caution

I f too much of the red paper is

the camera is closed, some of thecovered, fogged and ruined.

reeled off belore

fi lm wil l be un-

Fig. 6

6. The camera must now be closed, reversing

the operation shown in Figs. 1 and 2. When re-placing the front of the camera after i t is loaded,

f irst insert the end opposite the lock, the edge of

box must be in the metal groove at the end of the

front, then drop the end on which the lock is fast-

ened into place. Push over the metal lock andl

rnake sure that it is fastened securely.


Throughout these operations from the t ime thegummed band is broken on the fresh rol l of f i lmunti l the camera is closed, keep the red paperwound t ightly on the rol l . I f i t is al lowed to loosenlight wil l be admitted and the f i lm ruined.

7. The red paper must be partly reeled offbefore a picture can be taken. Turn the key tothe left and watch the l i t t le red window in the backof the camera. When about ten or twelve turnshave been given, an index hand wil l appear. Thishand is a warning that thefirst number is approach-irg. Then turn the k"yslowly unti l f igure 1 ap-pears in the center of thered window.

Press in on the windingkey while turning it , soas to keep the web on thek"y, in the slot in the endof the spool, and to pre-

vent the key loosening andallowing the f i lm and redpaper to unwind.

The f i lm is now in posi-

t ion for the f irst picture.

PART II

Making the Exposures

I ] EFORE making an exposure with the No. 2-A't- ' Folding Autographic Brownie, either t ime orinstantaneous, be sure of four things:

First-That the sh utter is ad j usted properll' ;for an instantaneous, t ime or "bulb" exposure asdesired.

Second-That the diaphragm lever is placed atthe proper stop opening.

Third-That the camera is focused.

Fourth-That an unexposed section of the f i lmis turned into posi t ion.

Operating the Shutter

Famil iarity with the shutter is necessary for suc-cessful picture taking with any camera.

The fol lowing directions should be careful ly readand the shutter operated several t imes before load-ing the camera with f i lm.

The shutter is self-sett ing. Exposures are madeby pressing the push-pin of the cable release D orpushing down the exposure lever C. See diagramof shutter on page 12.

Do not make too sharp a bend in the cable releaseor i t wil l be l ikelv to kink.

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Snapshots"For all ordinary Instantaneous Exposures

First-Move the lever A to 25 or 50 (represent-ing the speeds of the shutter), according to thetime of instantaneous exposure desired. This ad-justs the shutter for Instantaneous Exposures.

Second-Move the lever B to U.S. 8. LeverB controls the iris diaphragm and U.S. 8 is theproper opening for ordinary outdoor work, such asstreet scenes, nearby views, etc., when the subjectis in bright sunshine, using speed 25.

Third-Press the push-pin of the cable release Dor push down the exposure lever C. Tbis makesthe exposure. Be sure to hold the camera rigid,a slight jar will cause a blurred negative.

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Time ExposuresFirst-Move the lever A to the point "T" (time).

This adjusts the shutter for Time Exposures.' Second-Move the lever B to U.S. 4, 8, 16, 32or 64, according to the time of the exposure andthe nature of the subject. See instructions forthe use of the diaphragms or stops as given onpage 17, also the table for making Interior TimeExposures on pages 32 and 33, and the table forTime Exposures Outdoors, page 36.

Third-Press the push-pin of the cable release Dor push down the exposure lever C. This opensthe shutter. Time the exposure by a watch. Againpress the push-pin or the exposure lever. Thiscloses the shutter.

Bulb ExposuresWhen it is necessary to make a very short time

exposure this is best accomplished by making a"Bulb" Exposure.' First-Move the lever A to the point "8" (bulb).This adjusts the shutter for "Bulb" Exposures.

Second-Move the lever B to U.S. 4, 8, 16, 32or 64. See instructions for the use of the dia-phragms or stops as given on page 17, also thetable for making Interior Time Exposures on pages32 and 33, and the table for Time Exposures Out-doors, page 36.

Third-Press the push-pin of the cable release Dor push down the exposure lever C, to open theshutter, and release it to close the shutter. Th,ismakes the exposure. The shutter will remain openas long as the push-pin or the exposure lever isunder pressure.

Important-Nezter oil, the shutter. In case ofaccident, return the camera to your dealer or to usfor repairs.

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As a general rule, make exposures with the cablerelease instead of with the exposure lever C, as thecable release is less l ikely to jar the camera.

Instantaneous Exposures"Snapshots"

When maklng instantaneous exposures or snap-p.hgtr, the subject should be in the broad, open sun-l ight, but the camera must not. The sun shouldbe behind the back or over the shoulder of theoperator. If i t shines directly into the lens it wil lb lur and fog the picture.

Special instructions for making portraits indoorsare given on page 34.

Use Stop U.S. 8 and Speed 25For al l ordinary outdoor work, such as street

scenes, nearby views, etc., when the subject is in! lr" bright sunshine, use stop IJ.S. 8 and speed 25.If a smaller stop is used for ordinary snapshots, thelight wil l be so much reduced that i t rn' i l l not suf-f iciently impress the image on the f i lm, and fai lurerv i l l resul t .

In views at the seashore and on the water, whenthe sunlight on the subject is unusually strong andthere are no heavy shadows, stop I l .S. 16 and ipeed50 should be used.

l 4

Focus on the SubjectPull up the lever on the f ront of the camera,

at the winding end, see Fig. 1. This unlocks thebed of the camera. Then pull the lever foru'ardand push down the bed of the camera.

Fig . 1 . Open ing the Fron t .

At the front of the camera bed and at one sidethere is a focusing scale which is to be used forfocusing the camera. The focusing scale has threeslots, marked 8, 25 and 100 feet.

NorB-The focusing scale is marked both for feet and formeters and care should be taken not to confuse them.

It is not necessarv to estimate the distance withmore than approximate accuracy; for instance, ifthe focus is seC at the slot marked 25 feet (the usualdistance for ordinary street work), everything fromabout 15 feet to about 50 feet will be in good focus.When the camera is focused in this manner, it maybe used as a regular fixed-focus camera, providinglever B, control l ing the stops, is placed at U.S. 8.Where the principal object is nearby or at a greatdistance, the focus should be changed accordingly.For distant views, set the focus with the indicator

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#in the slot marked 100 feet. and when the subiectis about 8 feet from the lens. set the indicatoi inthe slot marked 8 feet. When the subiect is closeto the lens, then use a Kodak Portrait Attachment,see page 35, or use a small stop opening, see tablebelow.

What Depth of Focus MeansSuppose that the lens is used at its full opening,

U.S. 4, and the focus is set at eight feet, an objecteight feet distant will be sharp, but objects sevenand ten feet distant will not be sharp. Stop thelens down to U.S. 16 and those objects each side ofthe exact point of focus will increase in sharpness.Go farther and use stop U.S. 64, and everythingfrom about five feet and one-quarter to about seven-teen feet will be sharp.

It will ' thus be seen that the smaller the stop thegreater the depth of focus, that is, the greater thepower of the lens to define sharply, at the sametime, objects nearer the camera and farther fromthe camera than the principal object in the picture,which, of course, is the object focused upon. Butit is obvious that with the small stops the exposuremust be correspondingly increased.

The following table will be a help in findingthe range of sharp definition or depth of focus whenthe No. 2-A Folding Autographic Brownie Camera(when it is fitted with the Rapid Rectil inear Lens)is focused with different stops:

u.s. 4 u.s.8 u.s. 16 u.s.32 u.s.64

u.s. 4

u.s, g

u.s. 16

u.s.32u.s.64

C O P Y R I G H T 1 9 2 2 , g Y E A S T M A N K O D A K C O .

DiaphragmsThe diaphragms, sometimes cal led stops, should

be used as fol lows:U.S. 4-For instantaneous exposures on slightly cloudy days,

use speed 25; also for portraits out of doors, when the sunis shining, see page 14.

U.S. 8-For ordinary outdoor work, such as street scenes,nearby views, etc., when the subject is in bright sunshine,use speed 25.

U.S. 16-For open views, etc., when the sunlight on thesubject is unusually strong and there are no heavy shad-ows,such as views at the seashore, and on the water, use speed 50;for ordinary landscapes, in bright sunshine, rvith clear skyoverhead, use speed 25; also for Interior Time Exposures,the time for which is given in the table on pages 32 and 33.

U.S. 32-For instantaneous exposures of extremely distantviews. marine. snow scenes and clouds, in bright sunshine,use speed 25; also for Time Exposures.

U.S. 64-For Time Exposures Outdoors in cloudy weather.Neaer for instantaneoils ex|osures. The exposure required fortime exposures on cloudy days with smallest stop will range

This diagram shows the

actual sizes of the stopopenings or diaphragms ofthe shutter used on the

No. 2-A Folding Autogra-phic Brownie, when the

camera is fitted with the

Rapid Rectilinear Lens.

It clearly shows the rel-

ative sizes of the various

stop openings and the

difference between their

areas.

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Distance IFocused IUpon .l

RANGE OF SHARPNESS

Ft. Ft. Ft. Ft. Ft. Ft. Ft. Ft. Ft. Ft.

"Inf." is the abbreviation for Infinity-meaning an infinidistance from the lens.

to Inf. l2l to Inf. I 17 to Inf. l 12 to%to68 l l l% to In f . | | | to In f . l 9 to

ro9%l 6% to lo%l 6 to 13 l5 /a to5I

to Inf. | 2t o 4 6 l lr o 9 % |

100 Ft. 13525 Ft. lt7 %8Ft. | 7%

{In fIn ft 7

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f rom one second to eight seconds, according to the l ight, seepage 36. The smal ler the stop the sharper the picture, seepage 16 .

Total fai lure wi l l be the result , i f the smal lest stop (U.S.64)is used for instantaneous exposures.

NorB-In al l the instruct ions in this manual where thesubject is out of doors, the exposures given are calculated forhours from 2/2 hours after sunrise until 2/z hours before sun-set. If earlier or later the time required will be longer. Forobjects in the shadow, under porches or under trees, no accuratedirect ions can be given; experience only can teach the properexposure to give.

Drawing Out the FrontDraw out the front of the camera bv means of

the round post on the slide plate, to the ilot markedfor the distance desired, 8, 25 or 100 feet, and thecamera will be in focus for the distance at whichyou place the catch. Fig. 2.

The catch or locking device is on the left side atthe bottom of the front standard. To set the focus.

Fig . 2

Drawing ou t the Fron t .

press the lever, and draw out the front of camerato the division marked for the distance desired.

How to Use the No. 2-A Folding AutographicBrownie as a Fixed Focus Camera

SBr Focus Ar 25 FBBI.IJsB SpBBo 25.SBr DrnpnnAGM AT IJ.S. S.By following the above suggestions this camera

can be used as a fixed focus camera, with the addi-tional advantage of being instantly convertibleto a focusing camera when conditions call for it.It must be remembered, however, that when usingthis camera as a fixed focus type, it is necessarythat the subject be in bright sunlight, in orderto obtain a ful ly t imed exposure.

The range of sharpness when the camera is ad-justed as above wil l be found in the table on page 16.

ExplanationA lens is often spoken of as having a fixed focus.There is no such thing as a fixed focus lens, but

in certain cameras, 3 % i 4/ and smaller (equippedwith short focus lenses), the lens is immovabie,

-that

ir, qet at ,a distance that is a compromise, as toits focus, between far and near points. A camerawith a lens so focused, used in cbmbination with arelatively small stop, is designated a fixed focuscamera.

Using the FinderPoint the lens at the object to be photographed

and locate the image in the finder which is placedon the front of the camera.

For a vert ical exposure hold the camera as shownin Fig. 3, page 20. For a horizontal picture thecamera must be held as in Fig. 4, page 20, turningthe f inder as indicated.

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F i g .

Hold the camera steady,-hold it level as shownin i l lustrat ions, and press the push-pin of the cablerelease. This makes the exposure.

Always look into the f inder from directly overit, not at an ongle. The f inder gives the scope ofview and shows a facsimile of the picture as it wil lappear, but on a reduced scale.

It wil l be noticed that the top of the f inder isnotched, as shown in Fig. 5. This is done so thatthe one f inder wil l correctly show the view includedr,r, 'hen the camera is held in either the vert ical orthe horizontal position.

\ I I E W I N C L U D E D W H E N V I E W I N C L U D E D W H E NN{AKING A VERTICAL MAKING A HORIZONTAL

P I C T U R E . P I C T U R E .

F i g . 5

Remember that only the v iew included wi th inthe rvhite area of the diagrams wil l shou- in theprcture.

F ie . 6

Fig. 6 shows how to hold the camera when mak-i.g an exposure without the use of the cable re-lease. Hold the bed of the camera f irmly with theleft hand, steady it with the right and with thethumb of the right hand press the exposure lever.

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Important

When making instantaneous exposures with

any camera, hold it f irmly against the body as

shown in illustrations. When operating the

cable release or pushin$ down the exposure

lever, hold the breath for the instant-


Hold the Camera Levelf 'he camera must be held level.I f an at tempt is made to photograph a ta l l bui ld-

ing while standing near i t , by poTtrt ing the cameiau.pwards (thinking to center i t), the rlsult wil l besirni lar to Fig. 7 .

-

Effect produced ilr;*;,L,"* the carnera.

when rnaking thi:. picture the camera was pointedypwards. This building should have been takenfrom a building opposjtg, and at a level .orr".ponJ-ing wi th the mldci le of the subject .

The operator should hold the camera leael, after

withdrawing to a proper distance, as indicated by

the image sh,own in the f inder.

If the object is low, l ike a small child or a dog,

the camera should be held down level with the

center of the object .

The Autographic Feature

The Autographic Brownie has a spring-door on

the back covering a narrow slot through which the

u'r i t ing is done upon the red paper. The slot has

an automatic safety spring border which presses the

papers into contact with the back of the f i lm when

the door is open, thus secur ing the sharp pr int ing

of the irnage of the writ ing. This slot is placed so

that normally the writ ing comes between the ex-

posures.

The Autographic Record as a Guide

Many amateurs have distinctly improved the

quality of their work by rnaking notes, at the t ime

of exposure, of the prevai l ing condi t ions, as: Br ight

l ight , | 125 sec. , s top IJ.S. 8, which can be easi ly

abbreviated to: B, 1125, 8. By keeping such

records the amateur can quickly f ind the causes of

fai lure, i f any. By comparing negatives and

records he wil l soon get a l ine on his errors and

u,hen he knows what his errors are, he can easily

correct them. It is obvious that the best way to

nrake these records is autographically-on the fil*,at the time.

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T{ood,r&Je, Pqr. th I ti-0,eg p.ttL.

trwqu eaenrA 0ralfr,t f iodlto ,ltoW

€,rn{are,r- ,Ctu.te-€*par, fcrs fuorlg

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AUTOGRAPHIC RtrCORDS

The MethodThe Autographic Records above are merely to

suggest a few of the thousand and one ways inwhich these may be used to add value to yournegatives.

Fig. 9

Posit ion of stylus when wri t ing record data on

Autographic Fi lm used in Autographic Brownie.

After the picture is taken, l i f t up the spring-door on the back of the camera with the thumb(Fig. 8). Use the stylus, held in as upright a posi-t ion as is convenient (Fig.9) , and wr i te on the str ipof exposed red paper any memorandum desired, suchas the t i t le of the picture, the date, or detai ls inregard to the exposure, l ight, stops, etc.

To $et a clear impression, press firmly onboth the up and down strokes. While writingor afterwards the sun should not be allowedto shine upon the paper. The action of thestylus permits the l ight to record the writ ing uponthe f i lm. After f inishing the writ ing the door shouldbe left open for the printing, i. accordance withthe fo l lowing table:

Expose to the sk!, but not to the sun:

our oF DooRS .torl*?3o'li*oo*BRTLLTANT LrcHT 2 to 5 Seconds 5 to 7 SecondsDULL LrcHr 5 to 10 Seconds 10 to 15 Seconds

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Expose to Artif,cial Light:

IxcrxoESCENT ErBcrntc Ltcut, distance twoinches, 30 to 60 seconds.

Wnrsnacn Ge.s Ltcut, distance six inches, 30 to60 seconds.

Close the spring-door before winding the nextsection of f i lm into place.

Caution: To place the writ ing accurately in thespace betu'een the negatives it is important that thefi lm should be turned so that the exposure numberis in the center of the red window in the back ofthe Brownie.

Turn a new section of f i lm into posit ion:Press in sl ightly on the winding key in the top ofthe cam era, and turn it slowly to the left, unti l thenext number appears in the red window. Three orfour turns wil l be suff icient to accomplish this. SeeFig. 10. The warning index hand appears onlybefore No. 1 of each rol l of f i lm.

Repeat these operations for each picture.

F i g . 1 0

Turning a new sect ion of f i lm into posit ion.

2 8

Itnportant-when you have made the exposure on the lastsect ion of the f i lm and have made the autographic record ofi t , turn the winding key of the Brownie unt i l the let ter A appearsin the center of the window in the back of the camera. Raise

wrote on the red paper.

Time Exposures-Interiors

Diagram, showing posit ions for Camera.

Place the camera in such a posit ion that the f inderwill include the view desired. The di.g;;; ;h;;,the proper posit ions for the camera. "

It shouldtgt . b." poil tgq directly. at a window, os the glareof l ight wi l l b lur the picture. I f a l l ' the * i "8o*.

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cannot be avoided, pul l down the shades of such ascome within range of the camera.

Fig. 1 1 shows the camera in posit ion for a vert icalexposure. The camera also has tr ipod sockets andmay be used on a t r ipod.

F ig . 11

To rnake a horizontal time exposure without theuse of a tr ipod, pull down the same lever at thefront of the bed of the camera, that was used forthe support when taking a vert ical exposure andplace the camera in the posit ion as shown in Fig. 12.

Adjust the shutter for a Time Exposure, as de-scribed on page 13.

All being ready, press the push-pin of the cablerelease, or press the exposure lever, once to open andagain to close the shutter. Time the exposure bya watch.

Fis. 12

Another MethodAnother method of making short t ime exposures,

which has much to recommend it, is as fol lows:Hold the hand or a card close to the front of

the camera, so as to cover the lens and exclude alllight (Fig. 13, page 32). Push down the exposurelever to open the shutter; remove the hand andgive the proper exposure; replace the hand in frontof the lens and again press the lever to close theshutter .

Caution: If using the hand be careful not totouch the lens or i t wil l leave a mark.

Some experienced amateurs prefer this method asit practically does away with al l danger of jarringthe camera during exposure, and thus blurring thepicture.

Turn the Winding Key: After making theautographic record, press in sl ightly on the windingk"y and turn the next section of f i lm into posit ion,as described on page 28.

The camera is nowExposure.

ready for the next Interior


Follow the directions given for each successiveexposu re.

When the last Inter ior Exposure is made, adjustthe shut ter for an Instantaneous Exposure, seepage 12.

Exposure Table for InteriorsThe fol lowing table gives the approximate t irne

of the exposure required under varying condit ionsof l ight . The t ime given in the table is wi th stopIJ .S . 16 in the lens . I f s top U.S.8 is used, g ive one-hal f the t ime; wi th stop I - I .s . 4 g ive one-fourth thet ime; wi th stop IJ.S. 32 give twice the t ime; and i fstop U.S. 64 is used, give four t imes the exposuresgiven in the table. The smal ler the stop the sharperthe picture, see page 16. Stop IJ.S. 1 6 gives thebest average results for Interiors:

WrurB Warls AND MonB THaN ONB Wrxoow:bright sun outside, 4 seconds;

hazy sun, 10 seconds;

cloudy br ight, 20 seconds;

cloudy dul l , 40 seconds.

WnrrB Wnrls AND ONt-v OxB Wrxoow:bright sun outside, 6 seconds;hazy sun, 15 seconds;


c loudy du l l , 60 seconds.

MBoruu ColonBo Walrs AND H,q.xcrxcs ANDMonB THIN OxB WrNoow:

br igh t sun ou ts ide , 8 seconds;


c loudy br igh t , 40 seconds;


MBoruu CoronBo Warr-s AND Hexcrxcs AND OxrvOxB WrNoow:

br igh t sun ou ts ide , 12 seconds;




Drnx ColonBo WaILS AND He.xcrxcs AND MonBTnax ONB Wrxoow:

bright sun outside, 20 seconds;hazy sun, 40 seconds;

c loudy br igh t , 80 seconds;

c loudy du l l , 2 minu tes , 40 seconds.

Danx CoronBo War.r-s AND Hawcrxcs AND OxrvOxB WrNoow:

bright sun outside, 40 seconds;hazy sun, 80 seconds;

c loudy br igh t , 2 minu tes , 40 seconds;

c loudy du l l , 5 minu tes , 20 seconds.

3 33 2


The exposure table on page 33 is calculated forrooms where windows get the direct light from thesky, and for hours from three hours after sunriseuntil three hours before sunset. If earlier or laterthe time required will be longer.

To Make a PortraitHave the subject in a chair partly facing the

light, and turn the face slightly towards the camerawhich should be a little higher than an ordinarytable. The eyes of the subject should be centeredon an object at the same level with the lens. Ar-range the image in the finder. For a three-quarterfigure the camera should be about 8 feet from thesubject and for a full-length figure about 10 feet.The background should form a contrast with thesubject. When making portraits indoors, a lightbackground usually gives a more pleasing effect thana dark one.

SUBJ ECT

To obtain a satisfac-tory i l lumination of theface, have the subject,camera and window inthe positions as shown inthe diagram. It is ad-visable to use a reflector,to obtain more detail inthe shaded part of theface. A white towel orsheet thrown over ascreen or high piece offurniture will make a

suitable reflector; place it at an angle and in theposition as indicated in the diagram.

For instructions describing other methods toproduce various lighting effects, ask your dealeror write to us for a copy of the booklet: "AtHome with the Kodak."

Instructions for making portraits outdoors, whenthe sun is shining, are given on page 14.

Kodak Portrait Attachment

By using the Kodak Portrait Attachment, largehead and shoulder portraits of various sizes maybe obtained.

The Attachment is simply an extra lens slippedover the regular lens, and affects in no way theoperation of the camera, except to change the focus.

With the Attachment over the lens and the focus-ing indicator placed at the proper point on the scale,the subject must be at the exact distance fromthe lens, as given in the table below:

8 feet point 2 f.eet 9 inches2 5 ( . . (

1 0 0 " " . . . . . 4 " 2 "Use Kodak Portrait Attachment No. 3 with

the No. 2-A Folding Autographic Brownie Camera.

Kodak Diffusion Portrait AttachmentThe Kodak Diffusion Portrait Attachment is a

supplementary lgns used in exactly the same manneras the regular Kodak Portrait Attachment. Itproduces a true, soft-focus effect entirely free fromobjectionable "fuzziness" or out-of-focus appear-

, ,

_"* 3ooz;


ance. By using this Attachment, portraits are

made more artistic, due to the softening effect of

diffusion.Use Kodak Diffusion Portrait Attachment

No. 3 with the No. 2-A Folding Autographic

Brownie Camera.

Time Exposures-Outdoors

When the smallest stop (U.S. 64) is used, the

light admitted is so much reduced that time ex-posures out of doors may be made the same as

interiors, but the exposures must be much shorter.

For very short time exposures as described below,

use the "Bulb" Exposure, see page 13.

With Sunshine-The shutter can hardly be

opened and closed quickly enough to avoid over-

exposure.With Light Clouds-From one to three seconds

will be sufficient.With Heavy Clouds-From four seconds to

eight seconds will be required.

The above table is calculated for hours from

2r/ hours after sunrise until 2)4 hours before sun-

set, and for objects in the open. For other hours

or for objects in the shadow, under porches or under

trees, no accurate directions can be given; experi-

ence only can teach the proper exposure to give.

Time Erposures rnust not be tnadewhile the

cafttera is held in the hands. Always place it

upon some firm sutrport, such as o triltod,

table or chair.

Flash-light Exposures

By using Eastman Flash Sheets, picture taking

at night is very easy. A package of flash sheets,

a piece of cardboard, a pin, a split stick about twofeet long and a match complete the list of essentialextras, although a Kodak Flash Sheet Holder is agreat convenience.

With flash sheets there is a minimum of smoke

and they are far safer than any other self-burning

flash medium, besides giving a softer l ight that is

less trying to the eyes.Many interiors can be taken with the flash

sheets that are impracticable by daylight, either

by reason of a lack of i l lumination or because there

are windows in a direct l ine of view which cannot

be darkened sufficiently to prevent the blurring ofthe picture.

Evening parties, groups around a dinner or cardtable or single portraits may be readily made bythe use of the flash sheets, thus enabling the ama-teur to obtain souvenirs of many occasions which,

but for the flash-light, would be impossible.

Preparation for the Flash-The shutter should

be adjusted for a Time Exposure, as described onpage 13 (stop U.S. 8 must be used), then place

the camera on some firm, level support where it

will include the view desired, see pages 29 and 30.Pin a flash sheet by one corner to a piece of card-

board which has previously been fixed in a perpen-

dicular position. If the cardboard is white it wil l act

as a reflector and increase the light on the subject.

3 7


The flash sheet should be placed two feet behind

and two or three feet to one side of the camera.

If placed in front, or on a line with the front of

the camera, the light from the flash would strike

the lens and blur the picture. It should be placed

at one side as well as behind, so as to throw a shadow

and give a little relief in the lighting. The flash

should be a litt le higher than the camera. The

support upon which the flash is to be made should

not project far enough in front of it to cast a shadow

in front of the camera. An extra piece of card-

board a foot square placed under the flash sheet

will prevent any sparks from the flash doing damage.

By using the Kodak Flash Sheet Holder, however,

all these contingencies are taken care of, and we

strongly advise its use.

The Kodak Flash SheetHolder

This holder may be held in

the hand, always'between you and'

the fl,ash sheet, or it may be used

on any tripod, it being provided

with a socket for this purpose.

The sheet is placed in position in

the center of the larger pan over

th,e round opening, which has a raised saw-tooth

edge extending half-way around it. Press with the

thumb on the sheet, so a slight break is made and a

portion of the sheet projects partially through the

opening. To insure the sheet being more securely

38

fastened, press around the notched edge, forcing thisportion of the flash sheet firmly into position onthe pan.

To set off the flash, insert a lighted match, frombehind, through the round opening in the center.

Taking the PictureWith the camera and flash sheet in position and

all being ready, open the camera shutter, stand atarm's length and touch a match from behind,through the round opening in the center of theholder.

If the Kod.ak Flash Sheet Holderis not used,, placethe match in a spl'it st'ick at least two feet long.

There will be a bright flash which makes thepicture. Press the push-pin or push the exposurelever to close the shutter. Make the autographicrecord by following the table as given on page 28,and turn the next section of film into place withthe winding key, ready for another picture.

The Flash SheetThe size of the sheet required to l ight a room

varies with the distance of the object farthest fromthe camera, and the color of the walls and hangings:

For ten feet distance and lisht walls andhangings, use one No. 1 sheet; with darkwalls and hangings, use one No. 2 sheet.

For fifteen feet distance and light walls andhangings, use one No. 2 sheet; with darkwa$s and hangings, use one No. 3 sheet.

\ Neaer use ?nore than, one sheet at a time in the' Kodah Flash Sheet Holder.


To Make a Portrait-Have the subject in achair partly facing the camera (which should be alitt le higher than an ordinary table) and turn theface slightly towards the camera, having the eyescentered on an object at the same level with thelens. The proper distance from the camera to thesubject can be ascertained by looking at the imagein the finder. For a three-quarter figure this willbe about 8 feet and for a full-length figure about10 feet .

For use of the Kodak Portrait Attachment. seepage 35.

The flash should be on the side of the cameraaway.{rom the face, that is, the subject should notface it: The flash should be at about the sameheight or a l itt le higher than the head of the subject.

To Make a Group-Arrange the chairs so thateach chair will be at the same distance from thecamera. Half of the group should be seated andthe rest should stand behind the chairs. If thegroup is large any number of chairs may be used,but none of the subjects should be seated on thefloor, as'the result would not be pleasing, becausethe perspective would be too violent.

Backgrounds-When making single portraits orgroups, care should be taken to have a suitablebackground against which the figures will show inrelief, a light background is better than a dark one,and often a single figure or two will shqw up wellagainS't a lace curtain. For larger groups a mediumlight wall will be suitable.

The finder on the camera will be a help in com-posing the picture so as to get the best effect. Tomake the image visible in the finder the room willhave to be well l ighted. The lights may be lefton while the picture is being made, if none of themshow in the finder.

Eastman, Flash Sheets burn more slowly thanflash powders, producing a much softer l ight andare, therefore, far preferable for portrait work; thesubject, however, should be warned not to move,as the picture is not taken instantaneously, aboutone.second being taken to burn one sheet.

Eastman Flash Cartridges

Eastman Flash Cartridges may be substituted forthe sheets if desired. We recommend the sheets,however, ad more convenient, cheaper and capableof producing the best results. The cartridges arebetter only when instantaneoers work is essential.

Closing the Camera

To disengage the front from the lock on the focus-ing scale so that it may be pushed back, press in

with the finger on the catch, which is located just

above the focusing scale, then slide back the front

a short distance. The catch may then be released

and the front pushed back into the camera box.

Close the camera by pressing down the arm locks

. at each side of the standard and raise the bed as\ shown in the il lustration, Fig. 14, page 42.

. 4 1


F i g . 1 4

Clos ing the Bed o f Camera .

Caution

Before closing the bed of the carnerd. make surethat the f inder is in the posit ion for making a vert icalexposure or in the upright posit ion. The frontstandard must be pushed back to, and only to, thel imi t of mot ion.

I f the f inder and front standard are in properposit ion they wil l not interfere with the bed inclosing.

Do not make too sharp a bend in the cable release,rvhen closing the camera, or i t wil l be l ikely to kink.

PART I I I

Removing the Film

\ I /HEN changing the spools of f l - in theY Y Brownie Camera, do not make the change

in the d,irect sunlight. I t can be done in the open,but to avoid al l l iabi l i ty of fogging the edges ofthe f i lm, i t should be done in a subdued l ight .

1. When the last section of f i lm has been exposedand the autographic record of your name has beennrade, according to instructions on page 29, givethe winding k"y about twelve extra turns. Thiscovers the f i lm with red paper again.

F i g . 1

Ho ld ing red paper tau t wh i le

turning kel ' .

43


2. Provide another spool of f i lm (No. A 1 16)

to f i t the camera, take a posit ion where the dty-

l ight is somewhat subdued, not in the di rect sunl ight

and remove the front of the camera as described onpages 5 and 6.

3. Holding the paper taut so as to wind t ightly,

turn the key unt i l the paper is a l l on the reel . See

F ig . 1 , page 43 .4. Hold the ends of the red paper and the

sticker together, to prevent the paper from loosen-

ing on the ro l l . I f the st icker fo lds under the ro l l ,

when rn'ound, turn the winding key to bring it up.

5. Draw out the winding key as far as i t wi l l go,

and l i f t out the rol l of f i lm as shown in Fig. 2.

6. Fold over about half-an-inch at the end of

the red paper (to make subsequent breaking of the

seal easy) and then seal with the sticker.

Fig. 2Lift ing out roll of exposed fi lm.

7. Wrap up the exposed f i lm immediately toprevent the possibi l i ty of l ight being admitted. Itis now ready for developing and printing.

8. Remove the empty spool and load the cam-era with fresh f i lm as described in Part I, page 5.

ImportantFilm should be developed as promptly as possible

after exposure. The quality of the image on allsensit ized products is retained by immediate de-velopment after exposure.

Load your Brownie with Kodak Film.

Look for this Trade Mark on the box:

"If it isn't Eastmart,it isn't Kodak Film."

EASTMAN

44


"Cinch" MarksI f the f i lnr and paper loosen up a tr i f le when taken

from the camera, there is an incl ination to takethe cartr idge in the hand and wind it as closely aspossible, "cinching" i t t ightly with a twistingmotion. There's nothing more l ikely to injure thenegatives than this t ight drawing of the f i lm, as itrubs the surface, making f ine parallel scratchesrunning lengthwise of the f i lm, which, ir somecases, wil l ruin the negatives. Do not "cinch" thecartr idge. It simply needs to be wound t ightlyenough to keep the red paper inside the f langesof the spool.

Keep Dust Out of the CameraDefective negatives are sometimes caused by par-

t icles of dust which have collected on the inside ofthe camera and sett le upon the f i lm. This dustproduces small, l ight spots on the negd.t ives whichmake dark spots on the prints.

It ir, therefore, well to wipe out the inside ofcamera and bellows occasionally with a sl ightlydamp cloth. If the camera has not been used forsome t ime, th is needs specia l at tent ion.

Clean LensedDirty or dusty lenses are sometimes the cause of

poor pictures. The pictures on page 47 i l lustratethis point clearly. The gray, f lat, indistinct pic-ture at the top of the page was taken with a dirtylens, the surfaces of which were covered with anaccumulat ion of dust . The sharp, c lear, d ist inctpicture was made by the same lens after i t had beencareful ly cleaned.

D I R T Y L E N S

Lenses should befreq uently exam-ined. Remove thefront of the camerafrom the back, asdescribed on pages5 and 6 (when thereis no f i lm in i t) thenopen and draw outthe front of thecamera. Adj ust theshutter as whenmaking a Time Ex-posure and open it;the largest stop(IJ.S. 4) should bein posit ion. Holdthe camera so thatthe front is towardsthe l ight , then lookthrough the lens

CLEAN LENS from the back ofthe camera, and if the lens is dirty, i t should berviped, both front and back, with a clean, soft linenhandkerchief .

Large spots of dust or dirt on the lens wil l causedefects in the picture, while i f the lens is evenlycovered with a f i lm of dust, dirt or moisture, theeffect will be to cut off a great deal of light andnrake the picture gray and flat.


Finishing the PicturesTIHERE are two distincf steps in the making ofr photographs-the picture taking and the pic-

ture f,nishing. In order to free our instructionbooks from all unnecessary details, which might beconfusing, we furnish with the camera the direc-tions for p'icture tak,ing only.

The instructions in this booklet are ample forthe manipulation of the camera under every condi-tion that is l ikely to be encountered. Similarly,those who wish to do their own developing andprinting will f ind equally full instructions accom-panying the Kodak Film Tanks (for developing indaylight), or our Outfits for tray or dark-room use.

To develop Film (No. A 116) used in the No. 2-AFolding Autographic Brownie Camera, provide,preferably, a 2/z-inch Kodak'Film Tank. (Thisfilm may be developed in the larger Tanks that are.made for use with films of longer spool length-butnot so economically.)

If the dark-room method of development is pre-ferred, an Eastman A B C Developing and PrintingOutfit should be obtained.

In keeping with our plan and purpose to providethe users of our cameras with every help in theproduction of good pictures, we will be glad tofurnish such developing and printing instructions,at any time, whether a tank or outfit is purchasedor not.

With the Kodak Film Tank and Velox paper,many amateurs find as great pleasure in the finish-ing of the pictures as in the taking of them, and areable to produce, by the simple methods we haveperfected, work of the highest order.

We never lose interest in the purchaser of aBrownie. We are not only will ing, but are anxiousat all t imes, to help solve any problems that hemay encounter, either by sending.on the necessaryprinted instructions or by individual correspondence,through our Service Department. Such customer,in availing himself of the knowledge of our experts,puts himself under no obligations to us. He issimply availing himself of one of the things that heis entitled to when he buys a Brownie or a Kodak-and that is. Kodak service.

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY,

RocnesrBn, N. Y.


PRICE LISTAurocnepnrc Frr,u CenrnrocB, No. A 116,

2% x 4%, t2 exposures.

6 exposures. . . .

CennvrNc CasB for the No. 2-A FoldingAutolraphic Brownie Camera

Kooer Ponrnarr ArrecnuBNT, No. 3, foruse with the No. 2-A Folding AutographicBrownie Camera.

Kooar< Drppusrow Ponrnarr ArrecnnrpNr.N o . 3 . : . \ .

Koler Cor,on Fnrnn, No. 3.

Kooer Sxy Frr,rBn, No. 3. . . .

Kooer< Frr,u TeNx, 2/-inch

Duplicating Outfit for above Tank.

DBveLopBn' PowoBns for 2 t/-inch KodakFi lm Tank, s ix powders. . . .

EasrueN A B C DBvBroprNG AND PnrNr-rNc Ourrn, for dark-room developmentand printing (4 x 5 or smaller), complete

Konex Acro FrxrNc PownBn, one pound. .

Half pound

Q u a r t e r p o u n d . . . : . - .

VBrox Paron, 2% x 4/, one d,ozen

Nspenl Sor,urroN, for developing Velox,4 - o u n c e b o t t l e . . . ; . .

Konar,orn PnrNrrxc Mesx, No. 4, for usewith 2/ x 4% negatives.

*Price includes Excise Tax,

V n r o x T n e N s p e R E N T W e r B n C o r . o nSteues, complete booklet of 12 colors. . . $ .4S

VBrox TnexspenpNr We:rpn Cor,on SreupOutrn, consisting of Artist's Mixing pal-ette, three special Camel's Hair Brushes.and one book of Velox Transparent WaterCo lo r S tamps (12 co lo rs ) . . . . . . 1 .00

EesrnreN Reoucon aNo Srerw Rruovnn,p a c k a g e o f 5 t u b e s . . . . . . . : . 5 0

Vnrox Re-onvBr-oeen, package of. 12 tubes 1.0gSorro PeeRn, 2% * 4/, two dozen .25ColrerNBn ToNrNc eNo Frxrxc Sor,urroN

non Sorro, 8-ounce bottle. .504-ounce bottle .30

EesrlreN Pyno DBvBropBn powoBns. insealed glass tubes, box of five tubes .25

Eesrnrau HvonocnrNolr DBvBropBn powDERS, in sealed glass tubes, box of 5 tubes .30

Eesrulw Spncrer. DBvBr,opBn pownnns,in sealed glass tubes, box of five tubes. . . .35

EesluAN Pyno DBvelopBn PowoBns. sixp o w d e r s . . . . . .

TnnRuoruBrBn Srrnnruc Roo

, 251 .50

Kooex Danr<-nooM Leur, No. 2, l6-inchwick. t .2S

EesrlreN Fr.tsn Snee:rs, No. 1, package ofr / d o z e n . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5

1,,

.60*

'30* l

1;60

' . / J

1 .25

1 . 1 5

1 . 1 5

4.50 t---'2 . 25

. / -.25 -/

2 .00

. 2 5 ' . . .

. 1 5

. 1 0

.15 L-

)9, ---It,t, - ' \

. to . ' /

No. 2, package of. / dozen..

\ No. 3, package of. / dozen..

Kooer Fr,asn SnnBr Hor,oBn.

.56

.84

1 .25


EasrueN Frru DBvELopTNG CLrps (nick-

e l e d ) , 3 / - i n c h , p e r p a i r . . . . . . . . . . $

Korer JuNron Fr lu Crrps, No. 1, 'each. . .

Kooax TnrulrrNc Boeno, S-inch.

Kooar< Murar. Tntron, No. 0

No. 1

No. 2

LBarHBn Ce.nnvrNc Cese, for Kodak Metal

Tripod Nos. 0, 1 or 2.

F r B x o T n r p o o . . . . . . i

Oerreoo, for attaching camera to the edge

of a table, chair , fence, etc. . .

Kooeron, for attaching camera to a tree,

fence or similar rough surface..

EAsrM,rr{ Frllr NBcATIvE Alnuu, to hold

100 2% x 4% negat ives. . . . : . .

Kooe,x Dnv MouNrrNc Trssuo, 2% x 4%,

three dozen sheets

EasrueN Pnoro BrorrBn Boor for blot-

ting and drying prints.

Barrrc MouNrs for prints 2/x4/, per 100

P e r 5 0 . . . . . . .

RnooBs Atnuu, flexible leather cover, loose-

l e a f , w i t h 5 0 b l a c k l e a v e s , s i z e T x 1 1 . . . .

Cloth cover

Kcioax PnrNr RorLEn,

Flexo PnrNr RoLr.ER,

d o u b l e , 6 - i n c h . . . . .

s ingle, 4- inch

52

"How ro MarB Gooo PrcruREs," an il lus-trated book for the amateur, that includesmany helpf ul suggestions; it shows variousnethods of making exposures, developing,p r i n t i n g , e n l a r g i n g , e t c . . . . . . . . . . . $ . 4 0

Developing, Printing and Enlarging

Developing Film, twelve exposure cartridge,2 % * 4 % . . . 3 5

S i x e x p o s u r e c a r t r i d g e . . . . . 2 0

Velox Prints, 2% * 4y'a, unmounted, each. . .07

Mounted, each. .09

All |rints furnished unmounted unless otheywise specified.

NorB-When mailing film for development, mark the pack-age plainly with your name and address, and write a letter ofinstructions, .with remittance.

6 x 10 Bromide Enlargements, mounted onc a r d s , e a c h . . . $ 1 . O O

7 x 12 , each . 1 .40

8 x 14 , each . 1 .75

On enlargement orders, if, in our opinion, an enlargementwill be improved by double mounting, we will do so at anaddi t ional charge of 10 cents, or t r ip le mounted at .15 cents.

All brices subj.ect to change utithout notice,

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY,RocnBsrpn. N. Y.

.30

. 1 2

.75

2 .75

4.50

5.00

2 .70

2.00

t . 25

r.7s v

1 .25

. 1 0

.50

2.80

1.40

2 . 7 5

1 .25

1..00

.35 ,


i

i IJo* to n'aLe

{-1 r f , }u{}Oct r lcturesI

A Bork f*rthe*ma{eur

llhorugruphrr:I

I

1

A PRACTICAL book for the arnateur.ft I t describes in a simple, understandableway every phase of photography that theamateur is l ikely to be interested in, such asvarious methods of making exposures, de-veloping, printing, enlarging, making lanternsl ides, color ing, etc. Profusely i l lustrated.1 68 pages.

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANYAt yottr deoler's RocnesrER, N. Y.

\

S tr RVIC trDtrPARTMtrI\T

Aoor r roNAt - Ass ts rANCE I roR

MTKTNG Bp r rnn P rc ru R I t s

A LTHOIJGH we give in th is manual' '( I al l the essential directions for

using the carnera i t accompanies, there

are amateurs who wish for f r r r therknowledge of photography.

The Service Department is at theirservice, your service.

Do not hesi tate to cal l on us for in-format ion on any photographic subject .

We are at your seraice, writeto us-there is no charge,

no obligation.

Address a l l Communica t ions

SuRvrcp DppanrMENT

EASTMAI\ KODAK COMPAI\Y

RocrrESTER, N. Y., IJ. S. A.


Kodak Folding Autographic Brownie 2-A · lI I l P,icture tak'ing w'ith the No. 2-A Folding...

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Transcript of Kodak Folding Autographic Brownie 2-A · lI I l P,icture tak'ing w'ith the No. 2-A Folding...