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Kobe Lottery Directions: I am going to roll 6 dice…one at a time. If you guess the 6 numbers in...
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Transcript of Kobe Lottery Directions: I am going to roll 6 dice…one at a time. If you guess the 6 numbers in...
Kobe Lottery
• Directions: I am going to roll 6 dice…one at a time. If you guess the 6 numbers in order, you will win a prize.
• “Father of Genetics”• Famous for pea plant
studies• Mendel studied seven
pea plant traits• Results shaped our
understanding of genetics
What is Genetics?
• Genetics: Study of heredity
• Heredity: passing of traits from parent to child
• Patterns of relatedness can help predict offspring characteristics
Mendel’s 7 traits studied
Pure Breeding Purple & White Flowers
Parent Generation (P)
Mendel crossed a purple flower with a white flower.
Result: 100% offspring were purple
(even though one parent was white)
1st Generation (F1)
Mendel crossed 2 F1 purple flowers.
Result: 75% purple flowers, 25% white flower (3:1 ratio)
Each trait had a 3:1 ratio. No way that can be a coincidence!
• 1 gene may prevent the expression of another
• Organisms inherit 2 copies of each gene– One from each parent
• Genes are pieces of DNA that create proteins:– located on chromosomes– inherited from parents– come in dominant & recessive
forms (alleles)– Ex: Flower color
• Purple allele (dominant)• White (recessive)
• Letters used to abbreviate alleles– Dominant Allele = Capital letter– Recessive Allele = Lowercase
letter
• Defined: Genetic makeup of an organism• Homozygous dominant: combination of two dominant alleles
(PP)• Heterozygous: combination of one dominant, one recessive allele
(Pp)• Homozygous recessive: combination of two recessive alleles (pp)
• Defined: Physical appearance of a gene• Example:
What’s the phenotype of a flower that is PP genotype? __________
What’s the phenotype of a flower with Pp genotype? ___________
What’s the phenotype of a flower with a pp genotype? __________
Purple
Purple
White
Genetics Vocabulary ReviewChoices:
1) YY
2) Tall
3) Yy
4) SS
5) yY
6) gg
7) Smooth
8) Green
9) TT
10)Dwarf
Which choice(s) are examples of:
Genotypes?
1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9
Phenotypes?
2, 7, 8, 10
Homozygous genotypes?
1, 4, 6, 9
Heterozygous genotypes?
3, 5
Homozygous recessive genotypes?
6
Homozygous dominant genotypes?
1, 4, 9
Cross a homozygous dominant yellow (YY) plant with a homozygous recessive green (yy) plant
Key
Y = yellow
y = green
Probability of growing a yellow plant? _____________
Probability of growing a homozygous recessive plant? ____________
100%
0%
Probability of growing a homozygous dominant plant? ____________0%
Cross a heterozygous dominant yellow (Yy) plant with a heterozygous dominant yellow (Yy) plant
Key
Y = Yellow
y = green
Probability of growing a heterozygous plant? ________
Probability of growing a green plant? ________
Probability of growing pure yellow? _________
50%
25%
25%
Kobe Kuiz1) How are dominant alleles expressed? Recessive?2) Which of the following are genotypes? Phenotypes?
TT Green yY Pp Purple gg Smooth3) Which of the following are heterozygous genotypes?
TT Green yY Pp Purple gg Smooth4) Genes may often be found in two forms (dominant and recessive). What are
these alternate forms of a gene called?5) Genes are segments of DNA found on _______________.6) If item A is found in a 2:1 ratio compared to item B, what percentage is item A?7) If item A is found in a 4:1 ratio compared to item B, what percentage is item A?8) Cross a heterozygous tall with a homozygous recessive short pea plant. List the
genotypes in a Punnett square.What’s the probability of growing a tall plant?What’s the probability of growing a homozygous dominant plant?What’s the probability of growing a homozygous recessive plant?