Knowledge Theory & A Unified Theory of AI
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Transcript of Knowledge Theory & A Unified Theory of AI
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Knowledge Theory & A Unified Theory of AI
Y. X . ZhongUniv. of Posts & Telecom, Beijing
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List of Contents
1, Fundamentals of Knowledge Theory
2, How Is KT Crucial To AI?
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1. Knowledge Theory:Fundamentals
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Knowledge is something that can be used for answeringcertain questions.
The basic question is the standard alternative problem with 2n equally-possible answers, n>1. Its amount of question is defined as n unit of the amount of question – n alt.
If a piece of knowledge can exactly answer one of suchquestions, the amount of the knowledge is defined as n unitof the amount of knowledge – n alt.
Functional Definition of Knowledge
1/2
1/2A Standard Alternative Question
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Knowledge is a description of a class of events on -- their states at which the events may stay and -- the law the states may vary from one to another.
Descriptive Definition of Knowledge
S(1)
S(2)
S(n)
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Representation of Knowledge
The key elements for knowledge representation are (1) The States (2) The Relationship among The States
“John gives Mary the book”
Give
BookMary
G1 B23JohnGiver
ObjectRecipient
ISA
ISA
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General Representation of Knowledge
Large-scale,Multi-Branch, Hierarchical,Dynamic and InteractedComplexNetwork withWeights
Concept is theElement of knowledge.
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Compared with the definition of the epistemological information, it is found that knowledge is the result of theepistemological information refining (induction):
States – States Manner of State Varying – Law of State Varying
Epistemological Information is the description of an eventon its states at which the events may stay and the manner the states may vary from one to another.
Relation between Knowledge & Information
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Categorization of Knowledge
It might be reasonable to classify the knowledge in accordancewith the branches of science & Technology. But, it will be meaningless for Knowledge Theory research. Instead, knowledge is suggested to classify into formal, content, and value components
Representation: p (possibility), r (rationality), v (value)
States x1 xn xN
Possibility p1 pn pN
Rationality r1 rn rN
Value v1 vn vN
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FC
N
QPC
RK
n nnnn
nnnn
n nnnnn
)]1log()1(log
)1log()1(log[1
)(loglog
);,( ****
**
*
Where npn)·(rn)·(vn)
K(P, P*;U), K(R, R*;U), K(V,V*;U)
Measures of Knowledge Amount
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InherentKnowledge
EmpiricalKnowledge
RegularKnowledge
CommonsenseKnowledge
Internal Ecosystem of Knowledge Growth
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External Ecosystem of Knowledge
Information Knowledge Intelligence
CognitionDecisionMaking
Knowledge is the crucial gateway for linking Information on one hand and intelligence on the other.
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Information-Knowledge Transformation (Knowledge Discovery)
General Algorithms
Induction
Induction
Deduction
SyntacticInformation
PragmaticInformation
Goal
Formal Knowledge
Value Knowledge
ContentKnowledge
Semantic
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Knowledge-Intelligence Transformation: Algorithms in Principle
Deduction/Induction
Algorithms
KnowledgeBase
Information On P & C
G
IntelligentStrategy
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Knowledge-Intelligence TransformationAlgorithm More Specific
Goal
Problem
Constraints KB
AnalysisInference
Computation
Comparison&
DistanceComputing
IntelligentStrategy
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2, How Is KT Crucial to AI?
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Sensor-Motor
Validation
Expert System
Neural Network
P-C-G
KT and The Unified AI
Information Knowledge Intelligence
I-Action A
cqu
isition
Execu
tion
Popularization
E.K
R.K
R.K
C.K
C.K-2
C.K-1
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Framework & Algorithms Are Feasible
Algorithms for Knowledge Intelligence Transformation -- Experience-Based: Neural Networks and the like -- Regular K-Based: Expert Systems -- Common K-Based: Senor-Motor
Algorithms for Information Knowledge Transformation -- information experience: Induction Algorithms (PR, Data-Mining, Knowledge Discovery, …) -- old knowledge new one: Deduction Algorithms (Logic Reasoning, Rough Set Theory…) -- Regular K Common knowledge: popularization
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Implications & Open Problems
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1, Knowledge Theory is important because it is a midway to intelligence. Intelligence Theory is important because it is the ability to solve problems (Macro Ecosystem).
3, The transformation of information-knowledge-intelligence will play a central role in the development of science and technology in formation age as that of energy conversion in industrial age.
2, Due to the knowledge ecology (Micro Ecosystem), AI should mean the trinity (Unification) of traditional AI, Computational Intelligence and senor-motor systems.
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