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Transcript of Knowledge mapping kmsi - 2012-02-16
Knowledge Mapping And Development
Moh. Haitan RachmanEmail : [email protected]
Web : www.mobileskycode.com
www.multiforma.co.id
Blog : haitanrachman.wordpress.com
Agenda
1. Introduction
2. Knowledge Map and Process
3. K-Map Development and Tools
4. Demo
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INTRODUCTION
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“We believe that the future belongs to companies that can take the best of the East and the West and start building a universal model to create new knowledge within their organizations.”
(I. Nonaka and H. Takeuchi)
We are now in Knowledge Era
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Knowledge era concern about KNOWLEDGE LOST
I bring myknowledge
died or move to
other company
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Without Knowledge Strategy
vWe will lose our investments in people, research, development, experiences
vWe will lose our opportunities in markets and businesses
vWe will lose our vision and mission
I bring myknowledge
died or move to
other company
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Knowledge Agenda
v Making knowledge and knowledge
processes more explicit.
v The development of strategic frameworks
to guide the exploitation of knowledge –
in products, services and processes.
v The introduction of more systematic
methods to the management of
knowledge.
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Top-Down KM Approach
MIDDLEMIDDLE
BOTTOMBOTTOM
TOP
§ Technology-centered KM approach
§ Started building IT infrastructure
§Gradually added more applications
§ Built around technology by defining more knowledge manager roles
Thomas H. Davenport and Laurence Prusak, “How Organizations Manage What They Know;” Harvard Business School Press, Boston, Massachusetts; 1998
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Bottom-Up KM Approach
MIDDLEMIDDLE
BOTTOMBOTTOM
TOP
§ Decentralized KM approach
§ Knowledge-sharing initiatives at grassroots level
§ Led to development of Communities of Practice (CoPs)
§ Success from initiatives got mgmt’s attention and eventual support
Melissie Clemmons Rumizen, Ph.D, “The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Knowledge Management”, John A. Woods, CWL Publishing Enterprises; 2002
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Middle-Out KM Approach
MIDDLEMIDDLE
BOTTOMBOTTOM
TOP § A centralized KM group was created to
facilitate the KM program
Murray E. Jennex, “Case Studies in KnowledgeManagement”, Idea Group Publishing; 2005
KM brochure 2006 at ADB website
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1. Created by anyone
2. Distributed cheaply
3. Increases when shared
4. Transmitted in networks
5. Guided by vision
6. Unique for individuals
7. Infinite resource
Characteristics of Knowledge
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Knowledge Map and Process
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Knowledge Mapping Overview
1. What is Knowledge Mapping?
2. Why Knowledge Mapping?
3. How to Map?
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What Is Knowledge Mapping?
vIs a process of surveying, assessing and linking the information, knowledge, competencies and proficiencies held by individuals and groups within an organization (Dr Ann Hylton, KeKma-
Training2002)
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What Is Knowledge Mapping?
v An ongoing quest within an organization (including its
supply and customer chain) to:
Ø Help discover the location, ownership, value and
use of knowledge artifacts,
Ø Learn the roles and expertise of people,
Ø Identify constraints to the flow of knowledge,
and
Ø Highlight opportunities to leverage existing
knowledge.
v It illustrates or "maps" how knowledge flows
throughout an organization.
(D. Grey, 2002 Smith Weaver Smith Inc)
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What Is Knowledge Mapping?
v Knowledge mapping is a process by which organizations can identify and categorize knowledge assets within their organization –people, processes, content, and technology.
v It allows an organization to fully leverage the existing expertise resident in the company, as well as identify barriers and constraints to fulfilling strategic goals and objectives.
v It is constructing a roadmap to locate the information needed to make the best use of resources, independent of source or form.
(W. Vestal, APQC, 2002)
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What Is Knowledge Mapping?
v A Knowledge Map describes what knowledge is used in a process, and how it flows around the process. It is the basis for determining knowledge commonality, or areas where similar knowledge is used across multiple processes.
v Fundamentally, a process knowledge map contains information about the organization’s knowledge. It describes who has what knowledge (tacit), where the knowledge resides (infrastructure), and how the knowledge is transferred or disseminated (social).
(IBM Global Services -Technique Paper, 2000)
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Ø Organizations use knowledge maps for a number of different reasons. Some organizations compile company locators to find internal and external resources.
Ø Others use them to identify knowledge sharing opportunities or knowledge barriers within cross-functional work groups.
Ø Many companies use knowledge mapping before developing formal communities of practice or After-Action Reviews.
Why Map?
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1. Compile company locators –internal and external resources -KM Yellow Pages
2. Identify opportunities to reuse information
3. Locate naturally-occurring knowledge stewards
4. Identify knowledge dependencies within cross-functional w ork groups
5. Categorize value-added informationresident within your organization
6. Identify knowledge sharing opportunities
7. Precursor to developing formal communities of practice (CoP)
8. Create a knowledge tool that helps users find what they need (e.g. Agricultural Trade Programming Tool).
Uses of Knowledge Maps
1. Identifies the core and contextualknowledge inside of an organization
2. How information and knowledge flows
3. What individual knowledge or expertise is critical to a process or focus area
What A Knowledge Map Reveals ...
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Organizations should not design a KM approach without first mapping their knowledge.
Within the context of APQC’s Road Map to Knowledge Management, mapping knowledge is recommended in stage 2 (develop a strategy) or stage 3 (design and launch a knowledge management initiative).
When To Map
1. Enterprise Knowledge Map - level:
Ø Strategic business, technical, market know ledge
Ø Determine the organization’s “bench strength”
Ø Identify areas to focus KM efforts
2. Cross-functional Knowledge Map - between divisions/business groups level
Ø Operational assessment of w orking know ledge
1. Working group/process Knowledge Map:
Ø Tactical and operational know ledge applied to process excellence, innovation, customer relationship
STR
AT
EG
ICT
AC
TICKnowledge Mapping: Where to Focus?
Enterprise Know ledge Map(Strategic Level)
Cross-Functional Know ledge Map(Strategic Level)
Process Know ledge Map (Tactic Level)
Types of Knowledge Maps
Ø A method of analysis to define the knowledge needed and the knowledge available to support a business process.
Ø Knowledge Mapping identifies the:
§ Explicit knowledge(knowledge artifacts)
§ Tacit knowledge(undocumented information, expertise in people’s heads)
§ Infrastructure (where does it the reside)
§ Organization( who and where are the people)
Ø In context of a specific business process
Process Knowledge Mapping
PROCESSWhat
Knowledge Is Needed?
Who Has It?
Who Needs
It?
Where Is It?
Is It Tacit Or Explicit?
Is It Routine Or Non-routine?
What Issue(s) Does It
Address?
System Analysis
Database Design
Layout Design
CodeProgram
Process-Knowledge Mapping Analysis Matrix
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Knowledge Map Development and Tools
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Knowledge Map Development and Tools
1. Diagram Flow: Microsoft Visio,
Microsoft Powerpoint, SmartDraw
2. E-R Diagram: Sybase Powerdesigner,
ER-Win, DbWrench
3. Mind Mapping: XMind, MindManager
4. Hierarchy Notes: Microsoft Notes
5. Content Management: Dotnetnuke,
Wordpress, Joomla, Drupal
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(1) Diagram Flow
1. Competency Directory
2. Cycle Business Process
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Competency-1 Competency-2 Competency-3 Competency-4 Competency-5 Competency-6
Competency Directory
Knowledge Directory
Competency Directory
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Knowledge Directory
Phase
Objectives
Phase
Objectives
Phase
Objectives
Phase
Objectives
Cycle Business Process
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(2) E-R Diagram
1. Simple E-R
2. Customer Relationship
Management (CRM)
3. Improvement and Problem
Handling
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Simple E-R Diagram
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Expert Skills
Category
ResourcesDiscussionNon-Experts
Customer Relationship Management
Problem
Report
Competitor
Employee
Contact
Person
Supplier
Product
Customer/
Intermediary
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Improvement and Problem Handling
ProblemReport
Employee
OrganizationalUnit
Product &Service
Practice
Customer Supplier Contact
SourceStakeholder
Process
Proof
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(3) Mind Mapping
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1. Skills Directory
2. Knowledge Management - Map
Skills Directory
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KM System - Map
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(4) Hierarchy Notes
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1. Resources – Microsoft OneNotes
(5) Content Management System
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1. Mobile Business
2. KM in KM Development
CM – Mobile Business
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CM – KM in KM Development
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THANK YOU VERY MUCH!
Moh. Haitan RachmanEmail : [email protected]
Web : www.mobileskycode.com
www.multiforma.co.id
Blog : haitanrachman.wordpress.com