Knowledge Management Value Chains
-
Upload
albert-simard -
Category
Business
-
view
26.082 -
download
2
description
Transcript of Knowledge Management Value Chains
![Page 1: Knowledge Management Value Chains](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55574d88d8b42a63448b4c92/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Knowledge Management:A Value-Chain Approach
Albert Simardpresented to
Interdepartmental Knowledge Management Forum
October 27, 2004
![Page 2: Knowledge Management Value Chains](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55574d88d8b42a63448b4c92/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
An opening thought…
An era in which the key economic resource is knowledge is startlingly different from an era in which the key resources were capital, raw materials, land, and labor.
James Martin CYBERCORP (1996)
![Page 3: Knowledge Management Value Chains](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55574d88d8b42a63448b4c92/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
OUTLINE
• Knowledge Assets
• Knowledge Value
• Knowledge Management
Knowledge is different from industrial resources
![Page 4: Knowledge Management Value Chains](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55574d88d8b42a63448b4c92/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Knowledge Attributes
• Total knowledge is increasing; half-life is decreasing• Knowledge can be in more than one place at one time• Knowledge may be permanent or time sensitive• Knowledge can be used without being consumed• Selling does not reduce supply nor ability to sell again• Buyers only purchase knowledge once• Once disseminated, knowledge cannot be recalled
Thomas Stewart (1997)
![Page 5: Knowledge Management Value Chains](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55574d88d8b42a63448b4c92/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Knowledge Costs
• Production cost is independent of the number of users• Reproduction is controlled by users, not producers• Production cost greatly exceeds reproduction cost• Costs accumulate at the front-end of production• The more intangible, the greater the cost discrepancy• Inputs and outputs for creative work are uncorrelated
Thomas Stewart (1997)
![Page 6: Knowledge Management Value Chains](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55574d88d8b42a63448b4c92/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Explicit Knowledge
• Knowledge that has been formally expressed and transferred in a tangible form; intellectual property. – databases, statistics, collections– books, publications, reports, documents, correspondence– photographs, diagrams, illustrations– computer code, expert systems, decision-support systems– presentations, speeches, lectures– recorded experiences, stories– materials for education, teaching, and training– laws, regulations, procedures, rules, policies– embedded into products
![Page 7: Knowledge Management Value Chains](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55574d88d8b42a63448b4c92/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Canadian Forest Service Explicit Knowledge Assets
0255075100125150175
# o
f Ass
ets
Percent
Number
531 assets; 211 responses
![Page 8: Knowledge Management Value Chains](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55574d88d8b42a63448b4c92/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Tacit Knowledge
• Intangible personal knowledge gained through experience and self-learning. It is influenced by beliefs, perspectives, and values. – awareness
– skills
– mental models
– expertise
– judgement
– wisdom
– corporate memoryThe Thinker - Rodin
![Page 9: Knowledge Management Value Chains](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55574d88d8b42a63448b4c92/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Intellectual Capital
“Intellectual capital is intellectual material … that can be put to use to create wealth.”
Thomas Stewart Intellectual Capital (1997)
Intellectual capital includes both tangible, material (explicit knowledge) and intangible knowledge in the minds of individuals (tacit knowledge)
![Page 10: Knowledge Management Value Chains](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55574d88d8b42a63448b4c92/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
OUTLINE
• Knowledge Assets
• Knowledge value
• Knowledge Management
If you can’t measure it, you can’t manage it.
![Page 11: Knowledge Management Value Chains](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55574d88d8b42a63448b4c92/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Knowledge Value
• Value is very difficult to measure
• Value is extracted when knowledge is used
• Sharing increases the value of knowledge
• Value increases with abundance
• Buyer cannot judge value in advance
• Value can be added by filtering knowledge
• Value is not well related to acquisition cost
Thomas Stewart (1997)
![Page 12: Knowledge Management Value Chains](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55574d88d8b42a63448b4c92/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Knowledge Value Chains
Flow of knowledge through a sequence of processes in which it’s value is increased at each stage.– Creation– Use– Management
• Preservation• Sharing• Integration
![Page 13: Knowledge Management Value Chains](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55574d88d8b42a63448b4c92/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Knowledge Creation Value Chain
Information Management
Decision-making
Knowledge Management
Data Management
Acquisition
Data WisdomInformation KnowledgeInputs
sensing facts meaning understanding judgement
Knowledge creation is a precursor to everything else
![Page 14: Knowledge Management Value Chains](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55574d88d8b42a63448b4c92/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Creating Knowledgeis not Enough
• Bell Labs: lasers
• Xerox: graphical user interface, object-oriented programming, laser printer, Ethernet
• IBM, DEC: mainframe/mini computers
• CERN: World-Wide Web
• Encyclopaedia Britannica: synthesizing knowledge
![Page 15: Knowledge Management Value Chains](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55574d88d8b42a63448b4c92/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Knowledge Use Value Chain
Individual OpinionCompiled TargetedRecommend
Reporter Analyst AdvocateAuthor Marketer
promotepublish represent influence agenda
The value of knowledge is realized only when it is used for something
![Page 16: Knowledge Management Value Chains](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55574d88d8b42a63448b4c92/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Plant Hardiness
Zones
Knowledge for Canadians
(climate + elevation)
![Page 17: Knowledge Management Value Chains](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55574d88d8b42a63448b4c92/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Knowledge for PractitionersFire Monitoring, Mapping, and Modeling System
![Page 18: Knowledge Management Value Chains](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55574d88d8b42a63448b4c92/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
OUTLINE
• Knowledge Value
• Knowledge Assets
• Knowledge Management
KM adds value by linking creation and use
![Page 19: Knowledge Management Value Chains](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55574d88d8b42a63448b4c92/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Knowledge Management Value Chain
Network Manager Executive
Senior ManagerCustodian
Preservation ManagementSharing Integration
interface interoperability organizationavailability
Higher-level KM goals generally have decreasing ranges of applicability
![Page 20: Knowledge Management Value Chains](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55574d88d8b42a63448b4c92/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Knowledge Management:Linking Past, Present, & Future
Past Present Future
Capture Archive
Share Integrate
Learn Adapt
Infrastructure Content
Processes People
![Page 21: Knowledge Management Value Chains](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55574d88d8b42a63448b4c92/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Knowledge Management:A Definition
Developing organizational capacity and processes to capture, preserve, share, and integrate data, information, and knowledge to support organizational goals, learning, and adaptation.
![Page 22: Knowledge Management Value Chains](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55574d88d8b42a63448b4c92/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Knowledge Preservation Value Chain
Capture MaintainOrganize RetrieveStore
Librarian Systems ManagerCodifier Provider
accessinventory map capacity continuity
Preservation is the foundation of knowledge management
![Page 23: Knowledge Management Value Chains](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55574d88d8b42a63448b4c92/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Briefing Note Database
![Page 24: Knowledge Management Value Chains](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55574d88d8b42a63448b4c92/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Organizing Knowledge Assets
• Epistemology• Cognitive approaches• Automated methods • Classification systems• Thesauri• Interdisciplinary issues• Linguistic issues• Metadata• Knowledge map
Library of Alexandria – artist’s concept
![Page 25: Knowledge Management Value Chains](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55574d88d8b42a63448b4c92/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Storing Knowledge Assets
• Information Technology infrastructure
• Systems for archiving and managing content
• Interface for entry and administration
• Data warehouse, distributed databases
• Information repository, records management
• Knowledge repository, knowledge map
• Digital libraries, traditional libraries
![Page 26: Knowledge Management Value Chains](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55574d88d8b42a63448b4c92/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Retrieving Knowledge Assets
• Access to content
• Browser interface
• Search engine
• Extraction tools
• Manipulation tools
• Assembly tools
• Retrieval system
Relativity - Escher
![Page 27: Knowledge Management Value Chains](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55574d88d8b42a63448b4c92/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Knowledge Sharing Value Chain
conversation letters
speaking publishing
hoarding networking synergy
Individual GroupsColleagues Community
personal synergydialogue evolution
The value of a network is proportional to the square of the number of users
![Page 28: Knowledge Management Value Chains](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55574d88d8b42a63448b4c92/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Sharing Knowledge: Methods
• Conversations, discussions, dialogue • Advice, briefings, recommendations• Mentoring, teaching, examples• Questions & answers, knowledge extraction• Presentations, lectures, speeches, stories• Documents, books, manuals, instructions• Education, training, demonstration• Meetings, workshops, conferences, forums• Networks, communities of practice
![Page 29: Knowledge Management Value Chains](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55574d88d8b42a63448b4c92/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Sharing Knowledge: Technology
• Talking (real, virtual)• E-mail (individuals, list servers, distribution lists)• Chat rooms, forums, discussion groups• Communities of interest, informal networks• Groupware (teams, working groups)• Conferences, workshops, knowledge fairs• Data bases, information bases, knowledge bases• Digital libraries (repositories, search, retrieval)• Information & knowledge markets
![Page 30: Knowledge Management Value Chains](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55574d88d8b42a63448b4c92/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Knowledge Integration Value Chain
Coordinator
AnalystCreator Synthesizer
Isolated IntegratedOrganized Whole
structureelement relationships system
The whole is more than the sum of it’s parts
![Page 31: Knowledge Management Value Chains](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55574d88d8b42a63448b4c92/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Soils of Canada
![Page 32: Knowledge Management Value Chains](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55574d88d8b42a63448b4c92/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Land Cover
Natural Resources Canada Ressources naturelles Canada
Canadian Forest Service Service canadien
des forêts
![Page 33: Knowledge Management Value Chains](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55574d88d8b42a63448b4c92/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Climate Change
![Page 34: Knowledge Management Value Chains](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55574d88d8b42a63448b4c92/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
B) climate at 1.5 X COB) climate at 1.5 X CO22
A) present climateA) present climate
0 - 10%
11 - 20%
21 - 30%
31 - 40%
41 - 50%
51 - 60%
61 - 70%
71 - 80%
81 - 90%
91 - 100%
X location of black spruce sites
Distribution of Black Spruce
![Page 35: Knowledge Management Value Chains](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062513/55574d88d8b42a63448b4c92/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
“Products are physical manifestations of knowledge, and their worth largely, if not entirely, depends on the value of the knowledge they embody.”
Dorothy Leonard
Wellsprings of Knowledge (1995)
A final thought….