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Transcript of Knowledge Federation as Hypermedia Discourse
1© Simon Buckingham Shum
Knowledge Federation as
Hypermedia Discourse
Simon Buckingham Shum
Knowledge Media Institute
The Open University
Milton Keynes, UK
www.kmi.open.ac.uk/people/sbs
Knowledge Federation 2008, Dubrovnik, 20-22 Oct
Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 License
2© Simon Buckingham Shum
About me
! Psychology -> Ergonomics -> Human-Computer Interaction -> Hypermedia ->Design Rationale -> OrganisationalMemory -> Collaboration Tools ->eLearning/ePublishing/eScience
--> Sensemaking and CollectiveIntelligence
Work in Knowledge Media Instituteat Open U., Europe’s largest
university (>220,000 students/yr)based in Milton Keynes
The Challenge
4© Simon Buckingham Shum
Our context (1)
“I want to talk about the challenge of our generation. […] Ourchallenge, our generation’s unique challenge, is learning tolive peacefully and sustainably in an extraordinarily crowdedworld.
“The way of solving problems requires one fundamentalchange, a big one, and that is learning that the challenges ofour generation are not us versus them, they are not usversus Islam, us versus the terrorists, us versus Iran, theyare us, all of us together on this planet against a set ofshared and increasingly urgent problems.”
Je!rey Sachs: 2007 Reith Lectureshttp://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/reith2007
5© Simon Buckingham Shum
Our context (2)
“With these “minds”, a person will be well equippedto deal with what is expected, as well as with whatcannot be anticipated; without these minds, aperson will be at the mercy of forces that he or shecan’t understand, let alone control.
“The disciplined mind… the synthesizing mind…the creating mind… the respectful mind… theethical mind.”
Howard Gardner: Five Minds for the Future.Harvard Univ. Press, 2006: p.2
What I may have to o!er
7© Simon Buckingham Shum
What I may have to o!er…
Human-centred hypermediaperspective on knowledgestructuring and its literacy
Some elements ofa prototype KFinfrastructure?
Access to communities andresearch resources todevelop and test KF ideas
Ideas
9© Simon Buckingham Shum
Ideas…
Foundations forFoundations forCivilizationCivilization……
Weapons of MassWeapons of MassDestructionDestruction……
10© Simon Buckingham Shum
Ideas… (aren’t everything)
So what’s
he got that
I haven’t
got?
Significance
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Ideas…
Foundations forFoundations forCivilizationCivilization……
Weapons of MassWeapons of MassDestructionDestruction……
13© Simon Buckingham Shum
Significance?…
= ?
14© Simon Buckingham Shum
= ?
Significance?…
15© Simon Buckingham Shum
= ?
Significance?…
http://flickr.com/photos/pewari/354960548http://flickr.com/photos/voetmann/274550156
http://flickr.com/photos/notorious_indian/540058288
16© Simon Buckingham Shum
= ?context
Significance?…
17© Simon Buckingham Shum
= ?
Significance?…
= ?
= ?
= ?= ?
= ?= ?
18© Simon Buckingham Shum
=
Significance?…
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=
Significance?…
20© Simon Buckingham Shum
Hypermedia Discourse Research
published claimsand arguments ashypermediadiscoursenetworks
team deliberationsas hypermediadiscourse networks
Scaffold emergent
models ofcontested worlds
by scaffolding
discourseabout them…
Sense / Making
22© Simon Buckingham Shum
Sensemaking
“Sensemaking is about such things as
placement of items into frameworks,
comprehending, redressing surprise,
constructing meaning, interacting in pursuit
of mutual understanding, and patterning.”
Karl Weick, 1995, p.6
Sensemaking in Organizations
23© Simon Buckingham Shum
In sensemaking communities
Ideas and ways to arguetruth/plausibility are offirst order importance
24© Simon Buckingham Shum
In sensemaking communities
Ideas and ways to arguetruth/plausibility are offirst order importance
Representationsexternalise anddistribute cognition,mediate discourse,negotiate boundaries
25© Simon Buckingham Shum
In sensemaking communities
Ideas and ways to arguetruth/plausibility are offirst order importance
Representationsexternalise anddistribute cognition,mediate discourse,negotiate boundaries
Arguably, social computing forsensemaking will make it easy to shareand annotate representations andoverlay conceptual and social networks
26© Simon Buckingham Shum
Knowledge Cartography
! “Maps are one of the oldest forms of human
communication. Map-making, like painting,
pre-dates both number systems and written
language. Primitive peoples made maps to
orientate themselves in both the living
environment and the spiritual worlds. Mapping
enabled them to transcend the limitations of
private, individual representations of terrain in
order to augment group planning, reasoning
and memory. Shared, visual representations
opened new possibilities for focusing collective
attention, re-living the past, envisaging new
scenarios, coordinating actions and making
decisions.” (Okada et al, 2008)
27© Simon Buckingham Shum
Knowledge Cartography
1. Clarify the intellectual moves andcommitments at di!erent levels. (e.g. Which
concepts are seen as more abstract? What relationshipsare legitimate? What are the key issues? What evidence isbeing appealed to?)
2. Incorporate further contributions from others,whether in agreement or not. The map is not
closed, but rather, has a!ordances designed to make iteasy for others to extend and restructure it.
3. Provoke, mediate, capture and improveconstructive discourse. This is central to
sensemaking in unfamiliar or contested domains, in whichthe primary challenge is to construct plausible narrativesabout how the world was, is, or might be, often in theabsence of complete, unambiguous data.
An Approach
29© Simon Buckingham Shum
In a nutshell…
Knowledge Federation researchhas most value to add incontested, poorly understooddomains
We haveto talk…
KF infrastructure is intrinsicallySocial as well as Technical.
We need to understand the di!erentkinds of discourse we must support
Sensemaking Infrastructure
…Beyond Annotation andTagging
<movies/demos to illustrate approaches>
CompendiumCompendium
•• personal or grouppersonal or group
concept mappingconcept mapping
•• real time meetingreal time meeting
capturecapture
•• participatory modellingparticipatory modelling
•• discourse as semanticdiscourse as semantic
hypertexthypertext
32© Simon Buckingham Shum
Discourse grounded in Horst Rittel’s IBIS:Issue-Based Information System
33© Simon Buckingham Shum
• Shared visual display• Simple notation• Template patterns• Node transclusions• Tagging• Hypermedia• Interoperability with
other data, servicesand user interfaces
Key elements of Compendium
Practitioner skillse.g. • Cognitive skills to chunk and link ideas
(Buckingham Shum)
• Dialogue Mapping (Conklin)
• Conversational Modelling (Sierhuis & Selvin)
• Participatory Hypermedia Construction(Selvin)
ModellingFrameworkse.g. • IBIS• CommonKADS• World Modelling• Critical Systems Heuristics
KnowledgeMedia
34© Simon Buckingham Shum
Compendium: hypertext discoursemapping/conceptual modelling
35© Simon Buckingham Shum
Compendium: hypertext discoursemapping/conceptual modelling
36© Simon Buckingham Shum
Compendium: Descendent of gIBIS
Modelling using Issue-templates
38© Simon Buckingham Shum
Modelling organisational processes inCompendium using a Template
39© Simon Buckingham Shum
Completing a Compendium template
40© Simon Buckingham Shum
GeneratingCustomDocuments andDiagrams fromCompendiumTemplates
Build
Assignable
Inventory
Assignable
Inventory
Deviations/
Changes
(Engr Sched)
Approvals
Integrated/
Revised
Requirements
Field
Specific
Assignments
/Assignment
List
Installation
Details/
Specs/NDO
Assignable
Inventory
Notice (E1)
41© Simon Buckingham Shum
Structure management in Compendium
! Associative linkingnodes in a shared context connected by graphical Map links
! Categorical membershipnodes in di!erent contexts connected by common attributes via metadata Tags
! Hypertextual Transclusionreuse of the same node in di!erent views
! Templatesreuse of the same structure in di!erent views
! HTML, XML and RDF data exports for interoperability
! Java and SQL interfaces to add services
42© Simon Buckingham Shum
Heuristic for balanced Dialogue Mapping(from Je! Conklin’s book “Dialogue Mapping”, 2003)
Using Compendium for personnelrecovery planning
Example of Conversational Modelling:real time dialogue mapping combined with model driven
templates (AI+IA)
Co-OPR Project (with Austin Tate):http://www.aiai.ed.ac.uk/project/co-opr
44© Simon Buckingham Shum
Mission Briefing: Intent template
Answers to template issuesprovided in the JTFC Briefing.Answers may be constrained
by predefined options, asspecified in the XML schema
45© Simon Buckingham Shum
Capturing political deliberation/rationale
Dialogue Mapcapturing the
planners’discussion of this
option
46© Simon Buckingham Shum
Planning Engine input to Compendium
Issues on which the
I-X planning engine
provided candidate
Options
47© Simon Buckingham Shum
Modelling a document corpus:The Iraq Debate
http://kmi.open.ac.uk/projects/compendium/iraq
48© Simon Buckingham Shum
Annotating a document corpus:Chomsky’s article in the Iraq Debate
http://kmi.open.ac.uk/projects/compendium/iraq
Large scale NASA e-science field trials:
Interoperability with other databases, softwareagents and collaboration tools
www.kmi.open.ac.uk/projects/coakting/nasa
Clancey, W.J., Sierhuis, M., Alena, R., Berrios, D., Dowding, J., Graham, J.S., Tyree, K.S., Hirsh,R.L., Garry, W.B., Semple, A., Buckingham Shum, S.J., Shadbolt, N. and Rupert, S. (2005).“Automating CapCom Using Mobile Agents and Robotic Assistants.” 1st Space ExplorationConference, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 31 Jan-1 Feb, 2005, Orlando,FL. Available from: AIAA Meeting Papers on Disc [CD-ROM]: Reston, VA, and as AdvancedKnowledge Technologies ePrint 375: http://eprints.aktors.org/375
50© Simon Buckingham Shum Image Credits--- Mars: NASA/JPL/MSSS; Earth: NASA/JSC; Composite: MSSS
51© Simon Buckingham Shum
NASA e-science field trials (2004 and 2005)
Distributed Mars-Earth planning and data analysis toolsfor Mars Habitat field trial in Utah desert, supported from US+UK
www.kmi.open.ac.uk/projects/coakting/nasa
52© Simon Buckingham Shum
NASA Mobile Agents Architecture
53© Simon Buckingham Shum
Collaboration Configuration
Scientist(Mars)
Scientist(Earth)
Scientist(Earth)
Scientist(Mars)
Scientist(Earth)
Software AgentArchitecture
(Mars)
Compendium used as a collaboration medium at all intersections:humans+agents, reading+writing maps
RST-telecon-2005-04-11.i.avi00:49:08
54© Simon Buckingham Shum
NASA testbed:Compendium activity plans for surface exploration, constructed by
scientists on ‘Earth’, interpreted by software agents on ‘Mars’
The Compendium nodes and relationships in this plan were interpreted by Brahms software agents for monitoring
and coordinating astronaut and robot activity during surface explorations.
Copyright, 2004,RIACS/NASA Ames, OpenUniversity, SouthamptonUniversityNot to be used withoutpermission
RST-telecon-2005-04-11.i.avi
1:11:57
55© Simon Buckingham Shum
CoAKTinG NASA testbed:Compendium science data map, generated by software agents, for
interpretation by Mars+Earth scientists
The Compendium maps were autonomously created and populated with science data by Brahms software agents that use models of the
mission plan, work process, data flow and science data relationships to create the maps.
Copyright, 2004,RIACS/NASA Ames, OpenUniversity, SouthamptonUniversityNot to be used withoutpermission
56© Simon Buckingham Shum
CoAKTinG NASA testbed:Compendium-based photo analysis by geologists on ‘Mars’
Copyright, 2004,RIACS/NASA Ames,Open University,SouthamptonUniversityNot to be usedwithout permission
57© Simon Buckingham Shum
NASA testbed:Compendium scientific feedback map from Earth scientists toMars colleagues
Copyright, 2004,RIACS/NASA Ames,Open University,SouthamptonUniversityNot to be usedwithout permission
Using Compendium to mapand automatically index
replayable video conferences
CoAKTinG Project: www.aktors.org/coakting
Memetic Project: www.memetic-vre.net
e-Dance project: kmi.open.ac.uk/projects/e-dance
59© Simon Buckingham Shum
Collaborative sensemaking in e-Science:Meeting Replay tool for Earth scientists, synchronising
video of Mars crew’s discussion as they annotate their mission plans
Copyright, 2004,RIACS/NASA Ames, OpenUniversity, SouthamptonUniversityNot to be used withoutpermission
NASA MR Clip: 00:50
60© Simon Buckingham Shum
Memetic Meeting ReplayThe CoAKTinG project’s results are now mainstreamed in the Access
Grid by the JISC Memetic VRE project
61© Simon Buckingham Shum
Memetic Meeting ReplayThe CoAKTinG project’s results are now mainstreamed in the Access
Grid by the JISC Memetic VRE project
62© Simon Buckingham Shum
Embedding time/location-dependent semanticannotations inside video clips using Compendium
Compendium ‘literacy’?
…understanding how to write, read,talk and think in hypermedia IBIS
…approaches from consultancy in thefield, and video analysis in the lab…
64© Simon Buckingham Shum
Literacy: significant user community
www.www.CompendiumInstituteCompendiumInstitute.org.org
Literacy: Cognitive task analysis
! Cognitive tasks involved in using a graphicalargumentation scheme (Buckingham Shum 1996)
! A!ordances of graphical DR for coordinatinggroup design (Buckingham Shum et al 1997)
66© Simon Buckingham Shum
Literacy: the craft skill of IBIS mapping inmeetings: “Dialogue Mapping”
Je! Conklin:CogNexus Institute:www.CogNexus.org
67© Simon Buckingham Shum
Literacy: expertise analysis(Albert Selvin)
! What is the nature of expert human performance in creatingand modifying real time conceptual structures for groups?
! The NASA knowledge mapper role:
! Listening and interpreting
! Intervening in ‘normal’ conversation flow
! Getting validation for captured material
! Building hypertext representations onthe fly
! Interrelating data and objects
! Adding metadata
! Software-specific skills
Conventionalfacilitationskills
Knowledgemediafacilitationskills
Aesthetic and Ethical Implications of Participatory Hypermedia Practice: First Year Report
Selvin, A. (2005), Technical Report KMI-05-17, Knowledge Media Institute, Open University, UK
Will scientific publishing in 2020 still depend solely on thereading, writing, and discovery of written texts?
What might a more network-centric complement look like?
ScholarlyScholarly
OntologiesOntologies
ProjectProject
•• Web publishing ofWeb publishing of
scholarly claims andscholarly claims and
argumentationargumentation
•• discourse as discourse as semanticsemantic
hypertexthypertext
69© Simon Buckingham Shum
In Gutenberg’s shadow(or standing on his shoulders)
Philosophical Transactions ofthe Royal Society of LondonMarch 1665
Le Journal des SçavansJanuary 1665
Newspapers + Invisible Colleges = Scholarly Journals
70© Simon Buckingham Shum
Jumping forward 343 years…
Buckingham Shum, S. (2007). Digital Research Discourse? Computational Thinking Seminar Series, School of Informatics,
University of Edinburgh, 25 Apr. 2007. http://kmi.open.ac.uk/projects/hyperdiscourse/docs/Simon-Edin-CompThink.pdf
71© Simon Buckingham Shum
…digital paper!
2007: Ideas are now digital
72© Simon Buckingham Shum
What if we could get search results like this?…“What is the Turing Debate?”
One of seven maps in the Mapping Great Debates: Can Computers Think? Series.MacroVU Press. www.macrovu.com (Horn, 2003; Yoshimi, 2006)
73© Simon Buckingham Shum
Horn (zoomed in)
MacroVU Press. www.macrovu.com
74© Simon Buckingham Shum
Paper: “The Scent of a Site: A System forAnalyzing and Predicting Information Scent,
Usage, and Usability of a Web Site”
“Web User Flow by
Information Scent
(WUFIS)”
Paper: “Informationforaging”
“Information
foraging
theory”
“Information scent
models”
“People try to maximise
their rate of gaining
information”
?
applies
Beyond document citations…
These annotations are freeform summariesof an idea, as one would find in researchers’
journals, fieldnotes, lit. review notes orblog entries
Addressable triple which can be contestede.g. supported/challenged
Method
Theory
Claim
Making formal connectionsbetween ideas creates a
semantic citation network —>novel literature navigation,querying and visualization
75© Simon Buckingham Shum
Scholarly discourse as CKS…Connecting freeform tags with naturalistic connections (“dialects”)grounded in a formal set of relations (from semiotics and coherence relations)
76© Simon Buckingham Shum
How to help scholars engage in CKS?Pilot study: paper-based literature modelling
S. Buckingham Shum, V. Uren, G. Li, B. Sereno, and C. Mancini. Computational Modelling of Naturalistic Argumentation in ResearchLiteratures: Representation and Interaction Design Issues. International Journal of Intelligent Systems, 22(1):17–47, 2006
77© Simon Buckingham Shum
How to help scholars engage in CKS?From paper prototype to semiformal mapping tool
! The ClaiMapper tool
Evaluated in: V. Uren, S. Buckingham Shum, G. Li, and M. Bachler. Sensemaking Tools for Understanding Research Literatures: Design, Implementation andUser Evaluation. International Journal of Human Computer Studies, 64(5):420–445, 2006
…to formal argument maps
Starting from paper-based modelling,
move from literature sketches…
78© Simon Buckingham Shum
How to help scholars engage in CKS?Pilot study: paper-based annotation
Pilot study reported in: B. Sereno, S. Buckingham Shum, and E. Motta. (2005). ClaimSpotter: an Environment to SupportSensemaking with Knowledge Triples. Proc. Int. Conf. Intelligent User Interfaces, pages 199–206, ACM
79© Simon Buckingham Shum
How to help scholars engage in CKS?! The ClaimSpotter annotation tool: Web 2.0-style tagging with
optional community/system tag recommendations
80© Simon Buckingham Shum
“Semantic del.icio.us”: KMi’s ClaimSpotter assigning and linking freeform tags
Sereno, B., Buckingham Shum, S. and Motta, E. (2007). Formalization, User Strategy and Interaction Design: Users’ Behaviour with Discourse TaggingSemantics. Workshop on Social and Collaborative Construction of Structured Knowledge, 16th Int. World Wide Web Conference (WWW 2007), Banff, 8-12
May 2007. http://www2007.org/workshops/paper_30.pdf
81© Simon Buckingham Shum
Interaction Designhow behaviour is shaped by the tool’s a!ordances
! ‘Flip’ left/right tags to match the link type
82© Simon Buckingham Shum
Visualising claims and arguments
claimfinder.open.ac.uk
When multipleanalysts annotate webdocuments via aserver, they cangenerate a sharedview of how they seethe field, and wherethey agree/disagree
83© Simon Buckingham Shum
“Semantic Google Scholar” KMi’s ClaimFinder
84© Simon Buckingham Shum
Semantic Literature Analysis [ClaimFinder expt: 1:59:17]
Problem: “What advantages and disadvantages does CiteSeerhave compared to the ISI citation databases?”
Victoria Uren, Simon Buckingham Shum, Michelle Bachler, Gary Li, (2006) Sensemaking Tools for Understanding Research Literatures:Design, Implementation and User Evaluation. International Journal of Human Computer Studies, Vol.64, 5, (420-445).
85© Simon Buckingham Shum
“What papers contrast with this paper?”
1. Extract concepts for this document
2. Trace concepts on which they build
3. Trace concepts challenging this set
4. Show root documents
86© Simon Buckingham Shum
Focusing on a conceptincoming+outgoing links
87© Simon Buckingham Shum
“Semantic Google Scholar” KMi’s ClaimFinder
88© Simon Buckingham Shum
Lineage tree (the roots of a concept)
89© Simon Buckingham Shum
ClaiMaker literacy: searching for negative links
EvalStudy Clip: 00:01:10
90© Simon Buckingham Shum
Indicators of ClaiMaker literacy?
Victoria Uren, Simon Buckingham Shum, Michelle Bachler, Gary Li, (2006) Sensemaking Tools for Understanding ResearchLiteratures: Design, Implementation and User Evaluation. International Journal of Human Computer Studies, Vol.64, 5, (420-445).
91© Simon Buckingham Shum
Example: ‘argumentation’ on YouTube
Movie posted by
National Front on
YouTube to
demonstrate their
activities
Buckingham Shum, S. (2007). Undermining Mimetic Contagion on the Net: Argumentation Tools as CriticalVoices. COV&R 2007: Colloquium on Violence & Religion, Amsterdam Vrije Universiteit July, 4-8 2007
http://www.bezinningscentrum.nl/teksten/girard/c/c2007_Buckingham-Shum_Simon_abstract.htm
92© Simon Buckingham Shum
Example: a “scientific argument” onNational Front website
www.natfront.com/prejudic.html
Buckingham Shum, S. (2007). Undermining Mimetic Contagion on the Net: Argumentation Tools as CriticalVoices. COV&R 2007: Colloquium on Violence & Religion, Amsterdam Vrije Universiteit July, 4-8 2007
http://www.bezinningscentrum.nl/teksten/girard/c/c2007_Buckingham-Shum_Simon_abstract.htm
93© Simon Buckingham Shum
Mapping thestructure of theNational Front’s“negro intelligence”argument
94© Simon Buckingham Shum
Refuting the NF “negro intelligence”argument using argument mapping
Buckingham Shum, S. (2007). Undermining Mimetic Contagion on the Net: Argumentation Tools as CriticalVoices. COV&R 2007: Colloquium on Violence & Religion, Amsterdam Vrije Universiteit July, 4-8 2007
http://www.bezinningscentrum.nl/teksten/girard/c/c2007_Buckingham-Shum_Simon_abstract.htm
95© Simon Buckingham Shum
Refuting the NF “negro intelligence”argument using argument mapping
Buckingham Shum, S. (2007). Undermining Mimetic Contagion on the Net: Argumentation Tools as CriticalVoices. COV&R 2007: Colloquium on Violence & Religion, Amsterdam Vrije Universiteit July, 4-8 2007
http://www.bezinningscentrum.nl/teksten/girard/c/c2007_Buckingham-Shum_Simon_abstract.htm
96© Simon Buckingham Shum
Importing an Argumentation Scheme asan IBIS template
compendium.open.ac.uk
97© Simon Buckingham Shum
Refuting the NF “negro intelligence”argument using argument mapping
The structure of an “Argument from
Bias” can be exposed..
The structure of an “Argument from
Analogy” can be exposed..
98© Simon Buckingham Shum
Template for an
“Argument from
Analogy”
Buckingham Shum, S. (2007). Undermining Mimetic Contagion on the Net: Argumentation Tools as CriticalVoices. COV&R 2007: Colloquium on Violence & Religion, Amsterdam Vrije Universiteit July, 4-8 2007
http://www.bezinningscentrum.nl/teksten/girard/c/c2007_Buckingham-Shum_Simon_abstract.htm
99© Simon Buckingham Shum
Template for an
“Argument from
Analogy”
Instantiating the
“Argument from
Analogy” template
Cohere: Web 2.0 mapping of Ideas
101© Simon Buckingham Shum
Ideas as embeddable social objects,overlayed on a social network
http://kmi.open.ac.uk/people/sbs/2008/10/science-web2-social-notworking
cohereweb.net
102© Simon Buckingham Shum
Sensemaking on the Social Web! Connected via the Open U’s SocialLearn API, they could
smoothly exchange important learner-centric data
API
API
API
API
103© Simon Buckingham Shum
SocialLearn - from 30,000 feet…
SocialLearn
server
and Website
• Identity
• Portfolio
• Activity History
• Social Network
2Learner
manage your
learning goals
Micro
Learner
micro-blog your
thoughts,
learning goals
and resources
Coherecohereweb.net
manage connections
between learning
goals/resources/ideas
International Devpt.examples
105© Simon Buckingham Shum
Visual software for dialogue andsensemaking
! International Labour Organisation: The UNspecialized agency promoting social justiceand human and labour rights
! Annual Learning Conference to review itsHIV/AIDS in the Workplace Programme
! Compendium was used to capture, integrateand annotate a week’s discussions sharingand debating best practices, creating a visualWeb database
106© Simon Buckingham Shum
Visual capture of ILO success stories
107© Simon Buckingham Shum
! World Vision International: global relief anddevelopment agency
! Reviewing its quality control programme throughan international series of workshops
! Compendium was used to classify and connect thekey ideas creating a visual Web database
108© Simon Buckingham Shum
Visual database of WVI workshopfeedback
Upcoming Testbeds
(candidate KF testbeds?…)
110© Simon Buckingham Shum
Global Sensemaking network
! www.GlobalSensemaking.net
! Online deliberationtechnology
! Particular focus on climatechange
111© Simon Buckingham Shum
ESSENCE:E-Science/Sensemaking/Climate Change
! Challenge: bring together deliberation tooldevelopers/researchers* with climate changeexperts
! Engage in meaningful debate
! Reflect on process at f-f conference (Apr 2009)
! Improve how climate science debate is conducted
! www.GlobalSensemaking.net
112© Simon Buckingham Shum
OLnet:Open Learning Network (proposal under review)
! Challenge: develop a sociotechnical infrastructureto catalyse and sca!old an emergent researchcommunity
! Domain: Open Educ. Resources
! How to nurture social and conceptual networks topool our collective intelligence in a field?
! Go beyond wikis or Freebase
! Layers of evidence in di!erent modalities
! Explicit support for contesting claims
Minds + Hearts
114© Simon Buckingham Shum
In conclusion…
! YES… we are certainly interested in improving informationmanagement, sharpening critical thinking and promoting soundargumentation
! BUT… these are only part of the story. Those who are engaged inconflict resolution remind us that the key to making true progressis to establish the context for open dialogue in which stakeholderslearn to listen to each other properly, and co-construct newrealities (Isaacs, 1999; Kahane, 2004).
! We need both critical thinking and open listening as we strivecollectively to make sense of, and act on, the complexities andcontroversies now facing us.