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When the body makes a movement energy is required and the body gets this

energy from food and transfers it. The methods which are used to generate theenergy is determined by the intensity and duration of the activity that the

participant is performing. Activities such as 100 metre sprints and jumpingrequire the body to produce large amounts of energy over a short period of time,

Unlike an activity such as cycling or long distance running which requires the

body to provide continuous energy production over a longer period of time at aslower rate. The energy transfer of energy is caused by thousands of chemical

reactions occurring , the body then maintains a continuous supple of energy by

using adenosine triphosphate also known as ATP.( Adams, Barker, Gledhill,Lydon, Mulligan, Phillippo, Sutton (2010). )

(Sprinter Usian Bolt will use large amounts over a short period, whilst Cyclist 

Andy Schleck uses slow rate continued energy production over longer periods)

ATP is made up of a base of adenine and three phosphate groups. It is createdwhen a reaction between an adenosine diphosphate (ADP) molecule and a

phosphate .

ATP is a molecule that can be used for a number of things, Energy is storedwithin chemical bonds in the molecules and when the bond brakes the result is

that the energy is released and when a bond is made energy is stored. Another

way energy can be stored is when ADP binds with another phosphate energy and

then this energy stored can be used later when needed .

The energy systems of the human body can function both aerobically andanaerobically . Movements that will require sudden fast burst of effort are

powered by an energy system that does not require oxygen( anaerobic) Unlike

prolonged activities which are aerobic which means they require oxygen.

Energy is key to movement as it is required to make the muscle fibres contractsand its gained from oxidation of foods in an individuals diet and particularly

found in carbohydrate and fat.( Adams, Barker, Gledhill, Lydon, Mulligan,Phillippo, Sutton (2010).)

Carbohydrates are broken down to a sugar called glucose, which if not required

immediately by your body is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and

muscles whilst fat broken down by the body and forms free fatty acids.

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As a result of carbohydrates and fat being burned up in the body and the muscles

ATP is created, and when ATP gets broken down the result is that energy is givenoff for the movement and contractions of a muscle or groups of muscles. It is a

molecule that can supply energy that is used in contractions of the bodies musclefibres and is created in three ways . These three ways are

· Thecreatine phosphate energy system

· Lactic acid energy system· The aerobic energy system

Creatine Phosphate energy systemATP and creatine phosphate make up an energy system called ATP-PCr. Creatine

phosphate is a compound of high energy and when exercise intensity is high orthe bodies needs energy instantly the creatine phosphate that is stored in the

muscles is broken down to provide energy and makes ATP. When the high

energy bond that is stored in PCr is broken the result is that the energy that gets

realesed is used and reproduces ATP.( Adams, Barker, Gledhill, Lydon,Mulligan, Phillippo, Sutton (2010). )

Within this process ATP is usually created without oxygen or it works

anaerobically and is used for up to 10 seconds worth when working at maximum

intensity due to a limited supply of PCr. This energy system gives of energy is

short time periods but in large amounts, Athletes that require this energysystem use explosive movements such as weighlifters and 100 metre sprinters

will use this energy system as they require quick burst of large amounts of energy over a short period of time.

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ATP and energy release from the breakdown of ATP 

1) %�6�66 =%�6�6�6 

ATP is formed when adenisinedi hos hat e (ADP) binds wit  phosphat e t o creat eATP 

2) %�6�6{� }6 

Whilst exercise occurs the body does not  swit ch between energy syst ems  the

energy that  is gi en off at any time is gi en off from all three syst ems However

the emphasis changes depending on the int ensit y of the activit y relevant  t o the

eff iciency of an individuals aerobic f it ness  

3) %�6�66 

when a cell needs energy, it break s the bond between the phosphat e groups t o

form ADP and a free phosphat e molecule

(below is a comput er creat ed diagram from google images)

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All three energy syst ems are active at any given time, but depending on the

int ensit y and duration of the activit y undert aken, different energy syst ems  will

be the primary energy provider . below is a t able showing the different  t ypes of 

sports and the cont ributions from the three energy syst ems 

Sport  Creatine

Phosphat e energysyst em

Lactic acid energy

syst em

Aerobic energy

syst em

Basket ball High Moderat e Low 

Rugby High Moderat e Low 

Foot ball High Moderat e Low 

Archery High  Low -

Track sprinting

events 

High High/Moderat e -

Road Cyclist   Low Moderat e High 

Pictures souced from google images www.google.com and

htt p://www.dailymail.co.uk /sport/othersports/article-1020573