Meaning of IP Address & Its Types

The Internet protocol called IP is the part of TCP/IP (transfer control protocol and internet protocol).

IP is specified into two parts: The interface with a TCP, specifying the services regarding IP provides and another is actual protocol format.

IP Services:The services to be provided across

protocol layers (e.g. between IP and TCP) are expressed in terms of primitives and parameters.

A primitive specifies the function to be performed, and the parameters are used to pass data and control information.

The actual form of primitives is implementation dependent. An example is a subroutine call.

IP provides two service primitives at the interface to the next higher layer.

The Send primitive is used to request transmission of a data unit. The Deliver primitive is used by IP to identify a user of the arrival of a data unit.

The pare-meters associated with the two primitives are as follows:Source address: Internetwork

address of sending IP entity.

Destination address: Internetwork address of destination IP entity.

Protocol: Recipient protocol entity (an IP user, such as TCP)

Type of service Indicators: Used to specify the treatment of t he data unit in its transmission through component networks.

Identification: Used in combination with the source and destination addresses and user protocol to identify the data unit uniquely. This parameter is needed for reassembly and error reporting.

Data length: Length of data being transmitted.

Data: User data to be transmitted.

IP address is 32 bits long. One portion of the address indicates a network and the other portion indicates the host or router on the network.

This means that there is sense of hierarchy in IP addressing.

To reach a host on the network internet, we must first reach the network using the first portion of the address.

Then we must reach the host itself using the second portion.

In other words, Classes A, B and C in the IP addressing are designed with two levels of hierarchy.

IP address can be Static or Dynamic. Static address never changes but dynamic addresses are temporary.

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