KIUFUNZA - Twaweza · Must-haves to start a Cash on Delivery scale pilot } Ministerial commitment...
Transcript of KIUFUNZA - Twaweza · Must-haves to start a Cash on Delivery scale pilot } Ministerial commitment...
Motivating teachers to improve early grade learning
KIUFUNZA:
Cash on Delivery: Motivating teachers to improve early grade learning
Part I | What’s the problem?
Tooli&lelearningishappeninginearlygrades
3% 5%8%
12%
20%
47%53%
12%
21%
32%
46%
58%
66%70%
25%
52%56%
70% 71%
79% 78%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Sharemasterin
gskill(%
)
Grade
Math:Grade2mul8plica8on(Uwezo,2013)Examples:7x4,11x2
Notinschool Publicschool Privateschool
Teachermo3va3onislow
35%
33%
32%
54%
19%
27%
Inclass
Atschool,outofclass
Absentfromschool
Whereismyteacher?
2016 2015
(DatafromKiuFunzasurprisevisits,2016)
Cost:Teaching,AbsenceandMo3va3on
Sources:BESTdata;KiuFunzasurveysandimplementaQondata.
1,724
793
138
Annualprimaryschoolwagebill
Lossduetoclassroomabsence
(46%)
CostofCOD(highesQmate)
TZSBillion
s
TripleChallengeinEduca3on
Governmentfacesthetriplechallengeof:
ImprovinglearninginschoolsLearningistooslow
SpendingtheeducaQonbudgetmoreeffecQvelyGrowingschoolpopulaQonsandbudgetrequirements
EnsuringteachersaremoQvatedTheyarethekeyactors
Cash on Delivery: Motivating teachers to improve early grade learning
Part 2 | What can we do?
CashonDeliveryaddressesthethreechallenges} CashonDelivery(COD)isanincenQvesystemthatlinksteachersbonuspaymentstotheskillslearnedbythechildrentheyteach.
} Itcommunicatestoallteachersthatlearningisvaluableandthatlearningprogressisrewarded.
} CashonDelivery• Improveslearning(impactevidenceKiuFunza)• Reducescostperpasser• Isappreciatedbyteachers
CashonDeliveryimproveslearningoutcomes
} Yes!TheCG-CODcombinaQontreatment:20%increaseinthepassratesforbothKiswahiliandMath• IncenQvesimproveeffecQvenessofinputfinancing
ThepowerofKiuFunzaincen3ves
RESOURCES ACCESSPEDAGOGYINCENTIVESSBMKIUFUNZAIMPACT
Teacherincen3vesworkinothercountriesCOUNTRY KEYFEATURES IMPACT(SD) IMPACTcompared
withrural-urbantestscoredifference
Tanzania(Experiment)
140CODschools +0.18 21%
Brasil(Pernambuco)(Largescale)
950schools;prim&sec
+0.12 14%
Chile(Largescale)
All6,500basiceducaQonschools
+0.16to+0.25 19—30%
Kenya(Experiment)
50Schools,primary +0.14 17%
India(Experiment)
GroupincenQveIndividualincenQve100schoolstotal
+0.16+0.27
19%32%
Cash on Delivery: Motivating teachers to improve early grade learning
Part 3 | Why is it worth doing?
Valueformoney
} Largeskillimpact(passrates+20%)
} CostlowrelaQvetoexisQngbudget
} ExcludesCG(nowsentdirectly)
} GovernmentintervenQon:• Schoolvisitscheaper• TesQngdataNECTA
1.8%
2.4%
3%
CommunicaQoncosts,school
visits
CODcostStI-III(bonus)
StudenttesQngcosts
KiuFunza2013-14interven8oncosts
%ofBusinessasUsualBudget
Teacherslikeincen3vepay
• 75%haveaveryfavorableopinion,20%somewhatfavorable
75%
20%
4%0%
1%Veryfavorable
Somewhatfavorable
Neutral
Somewhatunfavorable
Veryunfavorable
“Whatisyouropinionaboutpayingteachersabonusbasedonstudentperformanceimprovement?”
Performanceincen3vesarenotnewinTanzania
} SchoolIncenQveGrant(SIG)in2014• Basedonlearningimprovements• SIGbonuspaidtoschool• Onlysmallnumberofschoolscanwin
} KiuFunza’sdesign• a)allteacherscanearn,morestudentsbenefit• b)thebonusispaidtoteachersdirectly• c)thebonusrepresentsasignificantvalue(e.g.,1monthsalary)
• d)theincenQveiscommunicatedclearly
Cash on Delivery: Motivating teachers to improve early grade learning
Part 4 | How do we do it?
Must-havestostartaCashonDeliveryscalepilot} MinisterialcommitmentandaCODfundtopaytheincenQves
} AgreementonincenQvedesignandperformancemeasure
} ClearandengagingcommunicaQontoteachers• atthestartoftheyeartoensuretheincenQveofferisknownandunderstood
• anerthepaymentsaresenttoprovidefeedback} Accesstoteacherandtestdata} EfficientstructuretomanageincenQveimplementaQon
Execu3on:HowtoimplementCashonDelivery?
1. Startofschoolyear• QualitycommunicaQon:incenQveoffer,FAQflyer• OrganizeCODteacherdatabase:teacherassignmentandbankaccountdata
2. Endofschoolyear• Studenttestdataandaudits• Createpaysheets• Paybonuses
KeyCashonDeliverydesigndecisions(1)
} ‘What’:thetargetindicatorthatismeasuredandpaidfor} Valueaddedlearning:thedifferencebetweenwhatastudentcandobeforeandanerayearofschooling• Measure:increaseinpassrate• Risk:weakstudentsexcludedtoboostpassrate• SoluQon:combinedscore-flowmeasure(penalizesexclusion)
• BrasilusesthisaskeyeducaQonindicatorandtargetatalllevels(IDEB)
} Equityofopportunity:payforprogresstowardsschoolspecifictarget
} ‘Who’:whoseperformanceismeasured,individualteachersorgroupsofteachers?
} NaQonalexamdata:performanceofteams• StandardIVnaQonalassessment:measuresperformanceofteachersinStandardI-IV
• PSLE:measuresperformanceofteachersinStandardV-VII} Standards:• Earlygradesonly:I-IV
KeyCashonDeliverydesigndecisions(2)
} Sizeofexpectedbonus• Nottoosmall• Costexample:ifmaxbonusisonemonthofbasicsalarythenweneedaCODfundof8%(1/12)ofannualpersonnelexpenseinincenQvizedgrades(I-IV)
} Schools:allschoolsorasub-setofschools• e.g.lowestrankedschools;orruralschools• Equity• Focusputsbudgetatacceptablelevel
KeyCashonDeliverydesigndecisions(3)
Equity:CashonDeliverycanreducelearninginequality
} Equityofopportunity:payforprogresstowardsschoolspecifictarget• Targetsarebasedonpastschoolperformance• Apoorlyperformingschoolgetsatargetjustabovepastperformance
• MinisterdecideshowambiQoustargetiseachyear} Focusonmostdisadvantagedschools• Willreducelearninggapwithhighperformers• Helptoavractteacherstotheseschools• Canreducebudgetrequirement
Summary
} Toolivlelearningishappeninginearlygrades,partlybecause,} TeachermoQvaQonislow
} Cash-on-DeliveryimprovesteachermoQvaQon} Cash-on-Deliveryimproveslearningoutcomes} PerformanceincenQvesarenotnewinTanzania} Teacherslikeperformance-basedpay
} Cash-on-DeliveryconceptisreadyforGovernmenttopilotit} AteacherincenQvepolicyisabiginvestment;weshouldtryitandtestimpactbeforefulladopQon
KiuFunzateam} Tanzaniateam• Twaweza• COSTECH• TAMISEMI• DistrictImplemenQngPartners• DistrictOffices• EDI(Bukoba,implementaQonmanagement)
} Globalteam• PrincipalInvesQgators
• IsaacMbiQ,UniversityofVirginia• KarthikMuralidharan,UCSanDiego
• InnovaQonsforPovertyAcQon(surveymanagement)
Ahsantenisana