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TEL AVIV Vol. 39, 2012, 3863

Friends of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University 2012 DOI 10.1179/033443512x13226621280507

Khirbet Qeiyafa: An Unsensational

Archaeological and HistoricalInterpretation

Israel Finkelstein and Alexander Fantalkin

Tel Aviv University

The article deals with the finds at the late Iron I settlement of KhirbetQeiyafa, a site overlooking the Valley of Elah in the Shephelah. It points out

the methodological shortcomings in both field work and interpretation ofthe finds. It then turns to several issues related to the finds: the identity ofthe inhabitants, their territorial affiliation and the possibility of identifyingKhirbet Qeiyafa with sites mentioned in the Bible and in the Shoshenq I list.

Keywords Khirbet Qeiyafa, Casemate walls, Saul, Shoshenq I, Gob, Gibeon

Qeiyafa 1et al.


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KHIRBET QEIYAFA: AN UNSENSATIONAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL INTERPRETATION 39

Date

Construction

Identity of the inhabitants

State formation

Comments on the excavators field work method

Qeiyafa 1Qeiyafa 1


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40 ISRAEL FINKELSTEIN AND ALEXANDER FANTALKIN

Qeiyafa 1et alQeiyafa 1

Qeiyafa 1Qeiyafa 1Qeiyafa 1Qeiyafa 1

Qeiyafa 1

Figure 1 General picture of the work at Khirbet Qeiyafa, revealing methodological aws in

the excavations (courtesy of Luke Chandler).


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Qeiyafa 1

Date: relative and absolute

contraet al.

et al

Qeiyafa et al ibid

et al.


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Construction

The casemate-wall

>

>

>

Figure 2 Late Iron I and early Iron IIA radiocarbon results from sites in northern and southern

Israel; Khirbet Qeiyafa clearly lines up with the late Iron I.


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Excursus I: The problem with the Hellenistic city-wall

Qeiyafa 1

Qeiyafa 1

Qeiyafa 1

Figure 3 The seven Iron Age radiocarbon determinations from Khirbet Qeiyafa; the 68% and

95% ranges are shown below the distributions.


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Qeiyafa 1Qeiyafa 1

et al

The western gate Qeiyafa 1TabunQeiyafa 1tabuntabun Qeiyafa1 Qeiyafa 1

Qeiyafa 1

Qeiyafa 1Qeiyafa 1

Qeiyafa 1

Qeiyafa 1


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Qeiyafa 1

outer Qeiyafa 1Qeiyafa 1Qeiyafa 1Qeiyafa 1

The southern gateQeiyafa 1

et al

Figure 4 A modern fence surrounding Khirbet Qeiyafa, described by Garnkel and Ganor as

a Hellenistic city-wall.


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et al.

Can Khirbet Qeiyafa be identified?

Qeiyafa 1

sic


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Figure 5 Aerial photograph of the southern gate (Garnkel et al. 2009: 219).

Figure 6 Aerial photograph of the southern gate after restoration (courtesy of Yosef Garnkel).


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only in the late eleventh century BCEQeiyafa1Qeiyafa 1Qeiyafa 1


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Identity of the inhabitants and the territorial affiliation of the site

Who were the inhabitants of Khirbet Qeiyafa?


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Qeiyafa 1

lmlket al.

et al

tmoindu passage de la judicature la monarchieibid

Figure 7 Map showing the location of Khirbet Qeiyafa in relation to Jerusalem, Gath and

places mentioned in Rows III of the Shoshenq I list.


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ibid

et al

in situ

ibid

The territorial association of Khirbet Qeiyafa

et al


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>>

et al

contra


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et al.

EA


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contra contra

passim


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Excursus II: Comments on two toponyms in the Shoshenq I list21

boustrophedon

boustrophedon boustrophedon

boustrophedon boustrophedonboustrophedonboustrophedon

>

> boustrophedon


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g- -A-RIK-m- -g-g-m-?-g-

passim

Conclusion

Date

qg

Gwb b-


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Construction

Identity of the inhabitants

State formation

et al


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Qeiyafa 1


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