Kingsine Help En
Transcript of Kingsine Help En
Instruction Manual for K10 Series Protection Relay Test Set
Version: 2.7
KINGSINE ELECTRIC AUTOMATION CO., LTD.
Attentions
It is prohibited to connect the host instrument with 380V three-phase AC or DC power
supply.
Make sure of grounding well for the tester before testing in case of damage caused by
Electrostatic induction. There are good Grounding picture in the right bottom of each
interface menu.
Make sure of grounding well for the relay test set before testing in case of damage
caused by Electrostatic induction. There is the icon to indicating well grounding at
the right bottom of each interface Please check the grounding linking if showing
picture .
External voltage source or current source is forbidden to be conducted into the output
contacts of voltage/current of the tester.
The voltage circuit can not be short circuit or overload, and the load of the current circuit
should meet Impedance values given by the technical parameters so that it can prevent
the overload from affecting the testing results.
When there is overload or short-circuit in the voltage source, the tester will
automatically shut down the amplifier power and testing, and give out some warning
signal.
When the heavy current output has been continued for a long time and the power
amplifier temperature is over high, K10 series will automatically shut down the amplifier
power supply and give out warning signal. At that time, the test will not be continued
until the amplifier power is cooling to the normal degree.
If any fault was detected on the tester, please contact the factory or the local agent for
repair issue instead of open the box without any approval.
If there is any emergency during the test, please right away exit out the button of amplifier, then shut down the power supply of the host.
The tester is supposed to bring back to the package box on condition it has not been
used.
Dear Customers:
Thank you for your using KINGSINE brand microcomputer-based protection tester. Hope
that the technical data and help information in the manual will be provided to you as
detailed as possible about how to use KINGSINE products. Meanwhile, we shall be much
appreciated to receiving any views about this manual from all the readers and all the
experts in the line of relay testing. Should any business advice or technical support service
required, then you are welcome to call us or visit our website.
Overseas Trade Dept.: +86-755-83418941 Technical Support : +86-755-88352607 Website : www.kingsine.com.cn E-mail : [email protected]
Attached:
This manual is applicable to KINGSINE brand K10 series Microcomputer-based Testers,
including: K1066, K1063, K1040, K1030, K1030i, K1063+,K1066+, K1063i and K1066i
(end '+' means 0…30A,’ i’ means 0V to 300V)
This manual was written taking K1066i the type as the standard and is applicable to other
models of K10 series (with slightly different details in part). If the software to be applied is
upgraded or added with some content, the corresponding updated software and related
functions will be in our website. Please pay close attention to the latest news in our website,
in order to obtain the latest first-hand information that will be the most helpful to your work.
The mentioned functions and pictures in this manual will be only as reference and the
products to actually be put out will prevail.
Catalogue
Catalogue
Chapter 1 Overview .............................................................................................................1 1.1 System Description..................................................................................................1 1.2 Technical Parameters ..............................................................................................1 1.3 Features of K10 series ............................................................................................3 1.4 System Configuration ..............................................................................................5 1.5 Maintenance ............................................................................................................5 1.6 Notices.....................................................................................................................5
Chapter 2 Panel Description ................................................................................................8 Chapter 3 PC Testing......................................................................................................... 11
3.1 PC Software Installation ........................................................................................ 11 3.2 PC Testing .............................................................................................................13
Chapter 4 Description of Testing Operation .......................................................................16 4.1 K1066i Main interface............................................................................................16 4.2 Basic Operations and parameter reference ...........................................................17 4.3 Test steps ..............................................................................................................22 4.4 DC Relays Testing .................................................................................................29 4.5 AC Relays Testing..................................................................................................33 4.6 Distance.................................................................................................................37 4.7 Power Direction .....................................................................................................48 4.8 Time Characteristic ................................................................................................53 4.9 Advance Distance Testing......................................................................................60 4.10 Advanced distance II............................................................................................67 4.11 Distance Plus .......................................................................................................72 4.12 Zero Sequence Protection ...................................................................................78 4.13 Differential Relays Testing ...................................................................................83 4.14 Advanced Differential Protection..........................................................................97 4.15 Harmonic Testing ...............................................................................................105 4.16 Synchronizer Testing .........................................................................................108 4.17 Frequency Protection Testing ............................................................................ 116 4.18 State Sequence .................................................................................................123 4.19 Advanced State Sequence(6-phase).............................................................128 4.20 Fault Recurrence ...............................................................................................133 4.21 Power Swing......................................................................................................141 4.22 Auxiliary DC .......................................................................................................145
Chapter 5 System Setting ................................................................................................146 5.1 System Configuration ..........................................................................................146 5.2 System Upgrade and Upload Report ...................................................................147 5.3 Report Manage....................................................................................................154
Chapter 6 Appendix .........................................................................................................155 6.1 GPS Introduction .................................................................................................155 6.2 Notices.................................................................................................................157
Chapter 1 Overview
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Chapter 1 Overview
1.1 System Description
K10 series Microcomputer-based Tester is the new generation of multifunction protection
relay test systems independently developed by KINGSINE ELECTRIC AUTOMATION CO.,
LTD. on the basis of Windows CE operating system; and K10 series is designed to have
high-precision signal and high but stable power amplifier because of the developed digital
phrase lock patented algorithm and SPWM technology based on the advanced SOC design
concept, to provide customers with comprehensive and easy-to-use testing solutions with
complete functions.
Remark:
Off-line: operation without PC.
Online: operation with PC
Binary I/O: Binary Input & Binary Output
1.2 Technical Parameters
Technical Parameters of K1066i: Voltage generators
7-phase AC (L-N) 7 x 0 ... 300 V Setting Range 1-phase AC (L-L) 1 x 0 ... 600 V
7-phase AC (L-N) 7 x 110VA, at 0 ... 300 V Power 1-phase AC (L-L) 1 x 220VA, at 0 ... 600 V
Accuracy <0.07% reading + 0.03% range guaranteed at 0-300V <0.04% reading + 0.01% range typical at 0-300V
Resolution 1mV Current generators
6-phase AC (L-N) 6 x 0 ... 30 A 3-phase AC (L-N) 3 x 0 ... 60 A (Group A II B)
Setting Range
1-phase AC (3L-N) 1 x 0 ... 180 A 6-phase AC (L-N) 1x 450VA ,at 30A 3-phase AC (L-N) 1x 600VA, at 60A (Group A II B)
Power
1-phase AC (3L-N) 1 x 1000 VA, at 180A Accuracy <0.14% reading + 0.06% range guaranteed at
0-30A <0.05% reading + 0.02% range typical at 0-30A
Resolution 1mA Generators, general
Chapter 1 Overview
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Range 0 ... 1000 Hz Accuracy / drift Error < 0.001Hz at 0 ... 450Hz,
Error < 0.01Hz at 450…1000 Hz
Frequency
Resolution 0.001Hz Range - 360° ... +360° Accuracy / drift Error < 0.2 °
Phase
Resolution 0.001° Range Infinite Timer Accuracy / drift Error<0.1ms
DC generators Voltage ranges 0 ... 300V/180W Current ranges 0 ... 20A/300W
Accuracy
<0.1% reading + 0.1% range guaranteed at 0….300V; <0.1% reading + 0.1% range guaranteed at 0….20A;
Resolution 1mA; 1 mV Aux DC Supply Range 0...300V/0.6A Binary inputs Number 8 pairs Compatible Voltage 10V ... 250V DC Binary outputs Number 4 Pairs Capacity 250V/2A Synchronization Synchronization mode GPS Harmonic Harmonic overlap times 2 ... 20 times Power supply
Nominal input voltage 110V/220V± 20% Vac, 1-phase Available to provide customized power supply as required
Power 1000VA Nominal frequency 50/60Hz Environmental conditions Operation temperature -5°C ... 55 °C Storage temperature -20°C ... 70 °C Humidity range 5% ... 90 %, non-condensing Weight 24 KG Dimensions 460(D)×140 (W)×360 (H) mm Interface RJ 45, USB,RS232, PS/2,VGA
Chapter 1 Overview
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K10 Series Protection Test Set:
Model Channels AC Outputs K1066i 13 output channels 6x30A/3x60A/7x300V K1063i 10 output channels 6x30A/3x60A/4x300V K1066+ 13 output channels 6x30A/3x60A/7x130V K1066 13 output channels 6x20A/3x40A/7x130V K1063+ 10 output channels, 6x30A/3x60A/4x130V K1063 10 output channels 6x20A/3x40A/4x130V K1040 7 output channels 3x40A/4x130V K1030 7 output channels 3x30A/4x130V K1030i 7 output channels 3x30A/4x300V
1.3 Features of K10 series
Hardware A) Excellent linear amplifier for voltage and current with good reliability.
Output waveform is of smooth and true; no high order harmonic that be easily
generated by electric switch amplifier.
True and accurate small electricity waveform, no electromagnetic pollution.
Current source and voltage source have no current booster and no voltage booster, but
direct coupling mode is adopted for the sources which enable the output frequency
range of the power supply is from 0Hz to 1000Hz, and also can output DC and AC
voltage and AC current, such as square waveform, waveform varied with the
exponential function, and overlapping mixed waveform. And it meet the requirements of
transient state test of protection relays, consequently to realize the purpose of
performing simple simulation tests on various protection relays.
B) Good amplitude frequency characteristic and transient response.
Use the latest DSP and large scale programmable FPGA of American TI Company plus
with high precision because of 1448-point waveform simulation, enable K10 series with
better transient response and frequency-amplitude characteristic.
Having applied 20-digital serial port DA, we further improve output precision of K10
series
C.) Make real sense of simultaneous output in voltage and current of the tester; amplitude
value, phase and frequency are individually and continuously adjustable at random. Simultaneous output in 7 voltage 6 current (K1066, K1066+ and K1066i)
Simultaneous output in 4 voltage 6 current (K1063, K1063+ and K1063i)
Simultaneous output in 4 voltage 3 current (K1030,K1040 and K1030i)
Chapter 1 Overview
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D) Perfect design on self-protection function
Whenever voltage generator’s output become short-circuits or voltage distortion
caused by overload, then voltage source will real-time monitor circuit and auto shut the
voltage amplifier. The indicator light for short-circuit on the panel is be on and followed
with beep warning voice. The voltage amplifier will be normal to work as long as
short-circuit or overload disappears,
Whenever overheat with tester due to heavy current output or overload, thermal
shutdown will auto shut the current amplifier. Indicator light for overheat on the panel
will be on and followed with beep warning voice. The current amplifier will be normal to
work as long as temperature fall into the range allowed.
E) Current Open Circuit Indication
In the case of open circuit on the current source, the places of the panel IA, IB, IC, Ia, Ib,
Ic will be on.
F) Unique heat dissipation part for ventilation
Four built-in high power fans for ventilation
Thermal shut-down protection is applied to ensure K10 series is of excellent stability
and reliability even under long-playing working state along with heavy current.
G) High shock-resistance
Inner frame of K10 series is of architectural style structure which as a result of high
shock-resistance.
That the package box is made of high strength aluminum alloy further make sure of
high shock-resistance
H) On-site Convenience in Aux. DC Voltage Supply
0…300Vdc (0.6A) Aux. Dc power supply is software-controlled, which is able to power
up the protection relays or other device. Software A) Full function for online test and offline test.
Capable of testing all types of voltage relays, current relays, frequency relays, power
relays, impedance relays, harmonic relays, differential relays and synchronism check
relays by hand or by automation. Fault-simulation enables users to calibrate fixed
values of distance relay and zero protection relay. And fault-simulation also leads to
distance relay test of the relays. And K10 series can auto scan the ratio-restraint curve
Chapter 1 Overview
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of differential protection in microcomputer and digital transformer as well as
generator-transformer group. And K10 series possesses GPS trigger function.
B) Compatible system for online operation.
The testing software installed and run in PC supports Windows 2000/ XP/Vista
operating systems.
C) Windows Style operation interface is friendly and easy-to-use.
1.4 System Configuration
Tester mainframe One set Operating software One set GPS cable One pc Twisted-pair Two pcs Testing cables + leads pack One packPower Supply cable One pcs Instruction manual Two pcs Aluminum alloy box One pcs
Basic configuration requirements for PC to connect with Relay Tester
CPU: 800MHz
Memory: 256M
Hard disk: 20G
Network card: 10/100M adapting
Operating system: Windows 2000/XP/Vista
Optimum resolution: 1024*768
1.5 Maintenance
The Host will have free maintenance for three years. (The guarantee for free repair shall be
subject to the condition that the ‘products’ shall not be modified or improperly used or
improperly stored within three years after being sold.) System Upgrade will be free with free
training.
1.6 Notices
It is prohibited to connect the host instrument with 380V three-phase AC or DC power
Chapter 1 Overview
supply.
Make sure of grounding well for the tester before testing in case of damage caused by
Electrostatic induction. There are good Grounding picture in the right bottom of each
interface menu.
External voltage source or current source is forbidden to be conducted into the output
contacts of voltage/current of the tester.
The voltage circuit can not be short circuit or overload, and the load of the current circuit
should meet Impedance values given by the technical parameters so that it can prevent the
overload from affecting the testing results.
When there is overload or short-circuit in the voltage source, the tester will automatically
shut down the amplifier power and testing, and give out some warning signal.
When the heavy current output has been continued for a long time and the power amplifier
temperature is over high, K10 series will automatically shut down the amplifier power
supply and give out warning signal. At that time, the test will not be continued until the
amplifier power is cooling to the normal degree.
If any fault was detected on the tester, please contact the factory or the local agent for
repair issue instead of open the box without any approval.
If there is any emergency during the test, please right away exit out the button of amplifier,
then shut down the power supply of the host.
The tester is supposed to bring back to the package box on condition it has not been used.
Binary Input’s potential has directionality, and generally, it had better use dead contact.
A, B, C negative contacts of Binary Input contacts are all connected together, and not
connected with the neutral terminal ‘N’ of voltage and current output terminal and the
ground wire (such as panel, machine box) that is the suspending ground. Binary Input
terminal is compatible with the dead contact and the potential (10-250V). However, Binary
Input terminal has directionality on the input of the electric contact, as shown in the figure
below, the electric contact of the negative terminal is connected with the high potential (+),
A, B, C and R are connected with the lower potential (-), and then the computer can detect - 6 -
Chapter 1 Overview
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the overturn of the contact state. If the connections are in reverse, what will always be
detected will be at the reclosed state.
Chapter 2 Panel Description
Chapter 2 Panel Description
Fig. 2-1 Panel Descriptioni
(1)
Voltage output: DC voltage is output by ‘Ub+’ and ‘Uc-’ terminal; of which ‘Ub+’ is DC positive terminal and ‘Uc-’ is DC negative terminal. Ux is the seventh voltage output terminal; and all seven channel voltage’s neutral are connected with the neutrals of current terminal. Current Output: DC current is output from ‘IA’ terminal and ‘N’ is the negative terminal of DC. Public terminal of voltage and current does not interlinked each other.
(2)
Binary Input terminal. 1)Binary Input terminal ABC's corresponding neutrals TN is electrically connected, same for the neutrals HN of Binary Input terminal a, b, c, r,; 2): Binary Input terminal is compatible with the dead contact and the charged contact. However, potential terminal of charged contact ‘+’ shall be connected with the neutral terminal TN (HN)
(3)
The power control switch of power amplifier for current and voltage. Press the switch, when the indicator light of the switch is on, it indicates the power amplifier has been working; when the indicator light of the switch is off, it indicates the power amplifier has been cut off without output. Supposed that some test module of the software is running at that moment, and then it is normal that the tester will give off an alarm voice.
(4) Fault Indicator Light (5) 6.4 inches TFT true color LCD (6) Keyboard (7) Mouse
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Chapter 2 Panel Description
Fig. 2-1 Panel Description (1) Binary Output 1,2,3,4
(2) Binary Input A, B, C, R Public-side interlinked each other and to the H contact of the front panel
(3) USB interface. It can transmit data by U disk using USB interface and is capable of upgrading the software of the host and uploading the testing report.
(4) VGA interface, which can connect to external monitor
(5) PS/2 mouse or keyboard, is meant to be external connective to either PS/2 mouse or keyboard at one time
(6) RJ45 interface, is meant to have data transmission between network and computer;(7) RS232 series port/COM
Power socket
Fuse
Switch
Grounding t t
GPS interface
Fig 2.3 Side Panel
Binary Input’s potential has directionality, and generally, it had better use dead contact.
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Chapter 2 Panel Description
A, B, C negative contacts of Binary Input contacts are all connected together, and not
connected with the neutral terminal ‘N’ of voltage and current output terminal and the
ground wire (such as panel, machine box) that is the suspending ground. Binary Input
terminal is compatible with the dead contact and the potential (10-250V). However, Binary
Input terminal has directionality on the input of the electric contact, as shown in the figure
below, the electric contact of the negative terminal is connected with the high potential (+),
A, B, C and R are connected with the lower potential (-), and then the computer can detect
the overturn of the contact state. If the connections are in reverse, what will always be
detected will be at the reclosed state.
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Main interface
Chapter 3 PC Testing
3.1 PC Software Installation
PC testing software of K10 series products supports Window 2000/XP/Vista
operating system. When the installation CD of the testing software is put into the
CD-ROM, the system will automatically activate the installation program or
double-click Setting.exe document of the folder ‘K10 Series installation program’ in
CD-ROM drive to enter installation interface, shown as Fig. 3.1-1.
Fig. 3.1-1 Software Installation
Click ‘Next’ in Fig. 3.1-1 and enter the interface in Fig. 3.1-2 and click ‘Cancel’ to stop installing.
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Main interface
Fig. 3.1-2 Software Installation Click the ‘back’ in Fig. 3.1-2 and return to the previous interface, click ‘Next’ to continue to install the setting and enter the interface shown in Fig. 3.1-3, click ‘Cancel’ to stop installing, click ‘Browse’ and choose the installation directory for the program plans and the installation directory in Fig. 3.1-2 is default.
Fig. 3.1-3 Software Installation
Click the ‘Back’ in Fig. 3.1-3 and return to the previous interface, click ‘Cancel’ to stop installing, click ‘Install’ and begin to install until the installation is completed in Fig.3.1-4, after finished it will be shown as Fig. 3.1-5.
Fig. 3.1-4 Software Installation
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Main interface
Fig. 3.1-5 Software Installation
3.2 PC Testing
When using Windows testing software of PC of K10 series products, you must to
connect the tester with PC first. You can test after connect successfully, detailed step
as follows:
1. To connect PC and the tester successfully by network cables.
2. Switch on the power supply of the instrument and PC.
3. Double-click the ‘Connect’ module of the K1066i Main menu in the instrument,
when the module of ‘off-line’ changes to blue color, which the instrument is awaiting
on-line State.
4. Click ‘Start’ Program K1066i Main menu K1066i-Relay Test on Windows
K1066i Main menu of PC in PC. Double-click and open the K1066i Main menu of the
testing software as shown in Fig. 3.2-1, the testing system of PC and instrument is
communicating and connect successfully at the same time, and then, the ‘stop online’
on the K1066i Main menu turns red in the instrument as the right corner of testing
software main interface of PC will show on-line success.
Note:
If it can not communicate normally between PC and the tester, it will display
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Main interface
information of ‘try connecting’ which in the bottom right corner on the interface at this
time, please check:
To check the network cables plug whether connect reliably.
To check the IP address setting whether is correct or not in main interface system
setting of instrument (both IP of instrument must set as same as PC, please find
the details in Chapter 5).
To confirm all above are run normally, click ‘on-line testing’ in the main interface,
where pop out ‘On-line successes automatically, shown as Fig 3.2-2
Fig. 3.2-1 Testing Online
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Main interface
Fig. 3.2-2 PC Connect OK
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Main interface
Chapter 4 Description of Testing Operation
Note: It is based on off-line operation as following; both on-line and off-line are same functions
4.1 K1066i Main interface
The main interface is shown in the following figure for operation:
Fig. 4.1-1 K1066i Main menu
The K1066i Main menu contains the information: name, version number, function
modules, company name, website and telephone of the current system. Users may
choose to enter the function modules and also switch to choose the function modules
with the first shortcut key or the direction key on the left of the external keyboard and
then press ‘Enter’ to enter.
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Basic operation
4.2 Basic Operations and parameter reference
4.2.1 Tester Parameter Reference (1) 【Run】
Click ‘Run’ button and begin to this test. (2) 【+ Add】
Click ‘+Add’ button, variable selection is increased steadily accordance to the setting
of step length. (3) 【- Sub】
Click’- Manual Sub’ button, variable selection is decreased steadily accordance to the
setting of step length. (4) 【PgDn】
Click ‘parameter turn-page’ button, and switch to another Parameter Setting interface. (5) 【Save】
Click ‘access parameter’ button, pop out ‘access parameter’ interface, which to save
the tested parameters or leading-in previous tested parameters (6) 【Report processing】
It can save, view or delete a report in the ‘Report processing ‘interface (7) 【Image processing】
Click the right key in the interface of ‘display image’ and pop out ‘Image processing’
interface, to save or view images. (8) 【Binary Input (digital Input)】
Binary input: the potential and the electric volume of the input switch has directionality,
under the normal circumstance, suggest using the dead contact.
Negative contacts of Binary Input contacts A, B, C are all connected one another, and
not connected with the neutral terminal ‘N’ of voltage and current output terminal as
well as no connect with the ground wire (such as panel, machine box); that is the
suspending ground. Binary Input terminal is compatible with the dead contact and the
potential (10-250V). However, the input of the charged contact has directionality (refer
to item 1.6 above for the detail). (9) 【Binary Output (digital Output)】
Binary Output: the instrument can emit sound trigger pulse when protect some
functions of instrument in order to reach synchronous and time lag (10)Light load/Heavy load
Switch the light load and heavy load of the instrument. Generally, the output of
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Basic operation
instrument is light load; when it request higher resistance value with load or the bigger
current for output in instrument, suggest switching the state of the heavy load before
testing. (11)【Exit】
Exit this module and return to the K1066i Main menu of the system.
4.2.2 Time parameter setting Pre-fault time: Before each subtest item starts, the tester always outputs a certain
period of time called pre-fault time (i.e. empty load state) which ensure the
protective contacts is reliably drop off and that the reclose is prepared.
Thus, this time setting is bigger than the drop-off time of protective relay
(include the charge time of reclose), usually its value is at around
20s...25s.
Fault time: the time from the moment when entering the fault state to the moment
when test is over, covering the time for reclose and permanent trip.
Interval time: After one subtest item is finished during the test, the tester will stop
output until the interval time is over; then the test set will go on to do the
next test item.
Hold time: Set the output holding time for each state, generally, the settings of hold
time is bigger than the action time of the protective relay.
Step time: When automatic testing, the time of each step change when variable
change from the start value to the end value; the automatic time setting
usually should be more than action time and Return time of the protection
relay. Maximum automatic testing time is set to 1000s. When manually
testing, users can decide the time of each step changing.
Timer startup mode: set the trigger mode for the timer. When meeting the condition
of trigger, then the timer will start, there are 17 kinds in total for timer
starts time-counting.
Timer stop mode: when the timer begins to count, if meeting the condition of stop,
then the timer will stop, there are 17 kinds in total for timer stopping.
Deglitch: Generally, it can be set to 10…15 ms and this kind of time parameter is to
set prevent the protection contact from jittering which affect the tested
result in the process of testing when it is the automatic test; and the
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Basic operation
located state will be recognized only when the reclosed contact or the
lasting disconnection meets the set time.
4.2.3 Test trigger mode & start mode Key-press trigger: after test start, select by manual to determine whether to enter the
fault state or not. Time trigger: Enter the fault state after the tester finished its output under some state
for a certain period.
Contact H overturn starting: automatically entering the next state when contact H
receives the signal of protective action.
GPS triggering: trigger at per solid minute by GPS clock synchronizing device to
realize the synchronization test among several testers.
4.2.4 Binary I/O Setting Binary input logic: there are two options, namely are “logic or” and “logic and”. Logic
or means action signal is perceived on condition any one of the eight
selected binary input contacts meet the requirement; logic and means
action signal is perceived on condition all of the eight selected binary input
contacts meet the requirement; Given that one binary input terminal is
selected, then same effect for logic or and logic and.
Definition of Binary input: Three pairs binary input are namely A, B, C is able to
define as (protective) trip A, trip B, trip C or triplet trip signal even user can
close them. No more testing the state change of the binary input contact
during the test. Binary input 4 is generally perceived as reclose binary input
signal, K10 series has another four pairs of binary input contacts a, b, c, r.
Binary output: The tester can output the Binary of side-board "1", "2", "3", "4" 4-pair
contact in air contact, and enable the tester to disconnect or open a relay
contact closure before pre-fault or transient fault. Binary “1” means “close”
or “high-potential” and “0” means “open” or “low-potential”. 4.2.5 Parameters Rated Voltage: to protect PT secondary side, usually set as 57.735V.
Rated Frequency: the real-time frequency of voltage/current under the prevailing
fault state.
Loaded current: the amplitude value of current under the normal state, which usually
set as 0.
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Basic operation
Loaded phase: the phase of current under the normal state.
The start angle of Short-circuit: the angle between the transient short-circuit voltage
and short-circuit current before entering the fault.
Reclose delay: the reclosed time of the circuit breaker simulator; the tester will wait
for one section of the Binary I/O recloses delay after receiving reclose action signal,
and then switch voltage volume and current volume to the post-reclose state. It can be
set 0 S if the circuit breaker is being connected.
Trip delay: the open time of the circuit breaker simulator; the tester will wait for one
section of the open delay of Binary I/O after receiving the protective trip
signal, and then switch voltage and current to the post-trip state. It can be
set 0 S if the circuit breaker is connected.
DC-offset: when setting the overlapping non-periodic weight/heft there is an
attenuated DC weight/heft overlapping in sine signal during the startup
moment. If the impedance angle of the circuit equals the impedance angle
of the system, when, there is no attenuated DC voltage weight/heft. When
the mode option to be calculated is constant voltage or constant current
mode, and there is no DC voltage weight/heft. Under “Random”, since it is
the manual setting current and voltage value, the effect on non-periodic
weight/heft will not be considered when computing. The starting value of
non-periodic voltage and current weight/heft is relevant to the hour when
the short-circuiting happens, that is to say the hour of short-circuit that
happens is relevant to the starting phase angle (the closed angle) of power
voltage. 4.2.6 PC-link Windows interface introduction
: Key for beginning testing, double-click the key with the mouse and it becomes ,
as indicates the test begins, or else the test ends.
: Key for Light/heavy load, double-click the key with the mouse and it becomes ,
as indicates the state of the heavy load is launched, or else it is the state of the light
load.
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Basic operation
: Key for Manual increase, click the key once with the mouse and the variable will
be increased by degrees for one step size.
: Key for Manual decrease, click the key once with the mouse and the variable will
be decreased by degrees for one step size.
: Key for importing parameters, double-click the key with the mouse and import the
tested parameters pre-saved.
: Key for saving parameters, double-clicks the key with the mouse and save the
tested parameters.
: Key for Testing Report, double-click the key with the mouse and consult the
content of this testing report.
: Key for Testing windows switch, clicks the key once with the mouse and switch
the full screen windows to the small windows.
: Key for looking over the tested result, clicks the key once with the mouse and
look over the tested result and the historically tested results which can be deleted.
: Key for Testing Report setting, click the key once with the mouse and set the
format of the report.
: Key for the exit of the testing module, clicks the key once with the mouse and the
testing module exits.
:Zoom + button
:Zoom - button
:Reset
:Maintain Output key
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Test Steps
4.3 Test steps
4.3.1 Select the testing modules Take example with Distance Plus shown as Fig. 4.3-1
Fig. 4.3-1 Distance Relays Testing
4.3.2 Test connection The contacts of relay or the protection relays for test is connected with the corresponding
output contacts of the current or voltage of tester by wires. And to connect the open/ reclose
contacts of the relay or to connect the output contacts of the protection relays with Binary
Input contacts of the tester by wire, shown as Fig. 4.3-2.
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Test Steps
1
2
3
4
Binary input
KINGSINERelay tester
IA
IBIC
Ia
IbIc
IN
UA
UB
UCUN
GE Multilin L90 Dif f erential Relay
F1a
F2aF3a
F1b F2b F3b
F5c F6c F7c
H1cH1b
Trip (cont OP1)
+-
220VB5bB6a
Power input
F5a
F6a
F7a
Fig. 4.3-2 Connection of test
4.3.3 Fault type & impedance fixed value setting
The Tester is able to finish all tests of the selected fault types at one time & able to select all
fault types, or also be able to select some of the target fault types, and then tick off them. To
select each section of short-circuit impedance multiplier according to testing needs, tick off
the target ones, and user can modify the multiple at discretion shown as Fig. 4.3-3, setting
the impedance fixed/set value of the sheet shown as Fig. 4.3-4.
Fig. 4.3-3 Fault type & impedance multiple
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Test Steps
Fig. 4.3-4 Fixed impedance setting
4.3.4 Basic parameters setting These parameters may not found in the fixed value sheet of protection relay, such as
nominal voltage, fault time, test triggering mode etc., but whether parameters setting is
correct or wrong will straightly affect the test results as shown in the Fig. 4.3-5.
Fig. 4.3-5 Basic parameters setting
4.3.5 Test mode setting and the relevant parameters Click “Pdgn”, to select count model, there are three kinds, namely are current
constant/invariable, voltage constant/invariable, impedance constant/invariable; Usually,
we select the mode of current constant (Please refer to 4.6 Distance about the detailed
description of the relevant count models). To select zero sequence compensation factor,
user have two options: Re/Rl & Xe/Xl and Kl; To make it reasonable to set short-circuit
current of each section according to the amount of impedance fixed value of corresponding
section as shown in the Fig. 4.3-6.
Note 1: must select the correct zero sequence compensation factor, especially when it is
about grounding shortcircuit fault calculated by zero sequence compensation factor and
shortcircuit voltage. Whether it is the correct selection or not will effect the test
results(China State Grid South Auto, Peking SIFANG, XJ will adopt the compensation mode
of Re/Rl & Xe/Xl for the line distance protection relay; while Nanjing Nari Relay, Shenzhen
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Test Steps
Nari adopt compensation mode of Kl for the line distance protection )
Note 2: the setting of the amount of shortcircuit current will be set according to the amount
of impedance value of each section. To prevent excessive small amount of impedance
value of the fixed value, which further result in no judgment for the sampling of protection
relay which caused by the excessive small amount of shortcircuit voltage output by tester,
then user shall increase the shortcircuit current of this section. Vice versa, to prevent
excessive big amount of impedance value of the fixed value, which further result in no
judgment of protection relay whether there is line fault which caused by the excessive big
amount of shortcircuit voltage output by tester, then user shall reduce the shortcircuit
current of this section.
Fig. 4.3-6 Test mode & parameters setting
4.3.6 Definition setting of binary input The different testing items of protection relay, the corresponding binary I/O will have
different setting. The modes of reclose brake of the protection relay are namely
comprehensive reclose (separate phase trip), triplet reclose (triplet mode); the setting of
binary I/O shall be in accordance with the reclose modes. For instance, the protection is
about triplet mode, binary input terminal 1, 2, 3 will be set as triplet, the output contacts of
protective trip are connected with any one of the 1, 2, 3. Reclose contact connect to
contact ; Take example with comprehensive mode protection, binary output terminal 1, 2, 3
are supposed to be connected with trip A, trip B, trip C of the output contacts of protective
trip. Reclose contact connect to contact 4 as shown in the Fig. 4.3-7.
Fig. 4.3-7 Binary input definition
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Test Steps
4.3.7 Binary output setting The setting of binary output will be set in accordance with the testing requirements of
protection relay. Such as the test for high frequency protection, binary output will be
connected to the high frequency signal contacts, to simulate the reception time of high
frequency signal by the reclose time of binary output. When the reclose time of binary
output is over, high frequency protection starts and trip as shown in the Fig. 4.3-8.
Fig.4.3-8 Binary output setting
4.3.8 The setting of PT, CT Setting the position of PT, CT (Please refer to 4.6 Distance about the decryption of the
definition of the position of PT/CT as shown in the Fig. 4.3-9)
Fig. 4.3-9 PT\CT setting
4.3.9 Start test and save report 1. Click the icon Run(F1) to start the test, and display the test results in the column of Results,
roll the horizontal bar to check more testing information such as action time etc as
shown in the Fig.
Fig. 4.3-10 result display
2. Click the icon Stop(F1) to stop the test whenever user wants to stop output during the
test. After the test is finished, the dialog box will auto pop out, and
user click Y to save the test report and then another box will be pop out as shown in the Fig.
4.3-11.
- 26 -
Test Steps
Fig. 4.3-11 Report manage menu
3. Click the icon to save the report, click the icon to browse the report
as shown in the Fig. 4.3-12.
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Test Steps
Fig. 4.3-12 Test report
4.3.10 Save & load the test parameters
Click the icon to pop out the box as shown in the Fig. 4.3-13. To input the name
of parameters, click the icon to save parameters so that it will help a lot for user to
directly load the same parameters when user test the same protection relay the next time.
To select the parameters to be loaded, just click the icon .
Fig. 4.3-13 Parameter manage menu
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DC Relays Testing
4.4 DC Relays Testing
Click ‘DC Test’ module of K1066i Main menu and enter Direct Current interface as shown in Fig. 4.4-1:
Fig. 4.4-1 Direct Current Outputs
4.4.1 Interface Introduction to Tester There are four areas in the K1066i Main:
① Left upper area of the interface: you can set the starting value, the final value and step
size for each variable value of the tested AC and DC voltage and current. There are
five-way voltage and three-way current channels in the area, including DC voltage output
from Ub (+) and Uc (-) port. And DC current is output from IA, where DC current of K1040
and K1030 / K1030i output from IA (+) and In (-). Click ‘√’of the option box of ‘variable’ with
the mouse, as indicates the variable will the variable tested.
② On the left area of the interface as below: the setting area for testing parameters:
On the right upper area of the interface: the diagram area for DC voltage and current.③
④ On the right lower area of the interface: it displays the break (open)-reclose state of
Binary Input or Binary Output and it is the display column of tested results. 4.4.2 Parameter setting of Tester
Output lock: for example, in case of manual test mode, user tick off the item of Output
Lock so that the present output value will last accordingly; and output value can be modified
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DC Relays Testing
- 30 -
at the moment. However, user cancel the tick, the output value will be set as modified.
Variable: including Amplitude Value, phase and frequency, one of which can be chosen as a variable and eight channels(five-way voltage and three-way current)of which can also be
chosen as variable output.
Testing mode: including Automatic test and manual testing mode.
Automatic test: Control Action value, Return Value and Return Coefficient of the testing
variables through setting variable mode, automatic test time and variable step size. When
testing, the variable will increase or decrease by degrees from the starting value to the final
value in accordance with automatic time and step size; when doing an excessive test, set
step size to the positive and the starting value set must be less than the final value; when
doing an inadequate test, set step size to the negative and the starting value set must be
more than the final value. Note: Click ‘Stop’ button to stop the test and then amend the
parameters to retest if a new test is required by changing the parameters in the automatic
test. Manual test: Control the test manually by variable step size of '+Manual increase
‘or’-Manual decrease'. When testing, the change of the variable will not be controlled by the
change time and could not be limited by the final value, step size will not be set to the
negative, and the test of increase or decrease by degrees can be done by +Manual
increase and -Manual decrease; when directives the action signal and then the test stops,
meanwhile, action time and action value are recorded. After testing, the setting parameters
will be changed to re-test without clicking ‘Stop’ button to stop the test, for the parameter
can be changed directly. Mode: Only adapt to Automatic test, including ‘Pick-up’ and ‘Drop -off’ mode.
Pick-up: Variables change is a process that the starting value grow into the final value in
accordance with step size; or to stop the test in the process of the change upon on receipt
of the protection action signal. Action time and Action value will be automatically recorded,
and action value or Return Value of the variable can be tested.
Drop-off: Voltage or current variables change from the starting value to the final value in
accordance to step size, when received the signal of protection action signal, the variable
will begin to return to the starting value until received the return signal, when operation
stops, action time, action value, return value and return coefficient will be recorded. Action
value, return value and return coefficient will be automatically tested.
Trigger: There are two options, including ‘Logic or’ and ‘logic and’. ‘Logic or’ indicates the
action signal comes into existence when there is any one of the chosen Binary Input meets
the conditions; ‘logic and’ indicates the action signal comes into existence when all chosen
Binary Input meet the conditions. When merely one Binary input terminal is chosen, ‘Logic
DC Relays Testing
or’ and ‘Logic and' take the same effect.
Step(s): when automatically testing, the time of step size changes once for the variable, the
automatic time generally set should be more than Action time and Return Time of the relay,
Maximum Automatic testing time is set to 1000s. When manually testing, users can grasp
the changing time.
Deglitch: Generally, anti-vibration time can be set to 15ms, it functions when the tested
result is affected due to the jitter of the protection access point in the process of testing
during automatic test, only after the lasting period when the access point is break(open) or
reclose meets the set time, the located state is authorized .
4.4.4 Testing process Click ‘DC Outputs’ module with the mouse and enter the interface shown in Fig. 4.3-3:
Fig. 4.4-3 Direct Current
1) Testing connection Connect the testing contacts of the relay or the protection device to be tested with the corresponding output port of the current or voltage by wire and connect the contact of the relay or the output contact of the protection device with Binary input terminal of the tester by wire. (Note: DC voltage is output from Ub (+) and AN (-) port and DC current is output from IA and In). 2) Parameter setting A. Set testing mode, including Manual test and Automatic test. B. Set variables and the starting value and the final value of variables. C. Set Binary Input (Digital input) and time mode. D. Set ‘Light load’ or ‘Heavy load’ according to the testing load bulk of the tester. E. Save Parameters. F. Begin to Test. G. Report processing and choose whether to save the report.
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DC Relays Testing
- 32 -
3) Testing process Click on ‘Run’ button to begin the test, and click ‘Stop’ key if user want to pause the test during operation. In the process of manual test, the parameters of the variable can be changed. If it is the automatic test, the parameters can not be changed. Manually press ‘+’ and ‘-’ to make the relay acts if it is the manual test, when action value and action time are recorded. When clicking ‘Stop’, the test ends and Save Report dialog box is automatically sprung out. If it is the manual test, the test ends after Binary Input receives the signal of the reclosed action contact of the relay, Save Report dialog box is automatically sprung out from the system.
4.4.5 Testing example Testing task: Check the relay in the middle of Dz-31B.
Testing item: action voltage, Return voltage and Action time.
Fixed value of Relay: Action value 110V, Return Value 95V
Testing Connection: Ub is connected with + terminal of voltage coil, Uc is connected with ②
- terminal of volt⑧ age coil and the relay action contacts and are connected with ① ③
Binary Input A of the tester. Parameter setting: Variable choice: Ubc Testing mode: Automatic From: 0V To: 150V Step: 5V Step(s): 1s Options of change mode:
Drop off Binary Input Logic: Logic OR
Light/Load load: Light load Save Parameters: Click ‘access parameter’ and save the parameters.
Testing process:
Click ‘Run’, Ubc output from the tester increases from 0V to the final voltage value by step
size 5V gradually. Hold Time for each step will be more than Action time output from the
relay. When the output voltage is 110V, the relay acts, after Binary Input contact receives
the signal, Ubc decreases by step size 5V to the starting voltage value gradually, and the
test will not stop until return signal is received, and Action value and Action time will be
recorded in the column of the tested result.
Save report: Save Report according to the reminder of the system and click ‘View’ button to
consult the report.
AC Relay Testing
4.5 AC Relays Testing
Click ‘AC Test’ module on the K1066i Main menu with the mouse and enter Alternating
Current interface, as shown in Fig. 4.5-1:
Fig. 4.5-1 Alternating Current
4.5.1 Specification description AC output parameter of each type of K10 series as follows:
Type AC Current AC Voltage
K1066i 6*(0…30A)/phase or 3*(0…60A)/ phase 7*(0…300V)/ phase
K1063i 6*(0…30A)/phase or 3*(0…60A)/ phase 4*(0…300V)/ phase
K1066+ 6*(0…30A)/phase or 3*(0…60A)/ phase 7*(0…130V)/ phase
K1066 6*(0…20A)/phase or 3*(0…40A)/ phase 7*(0…130V)/ phase
K1063+ 6*(0…30A)/ phase or 3*(0…60A)/ phase 4*(0…130V)/ phase
K1063 6*(0…20A)/ phase or 3*(0…40A)/ phase 4*(0…130V)/ phase
K1040 3*(0…40A)/ phase 4*(0…130V)/ phase
K1030 3*(0…30A)/ phase 4*(0…130V)/ phase
K1030i 3*(0…30A)/ phase 4*(0…300V)/ phase
Usually, the default mode is 3-phase current output mode; In case that tester is of 6-phase
current, tick off the box of the icon , then user can switch to 6-phase current output
mode
Ux output function: continuously adjustable, there are five kinds of setting modes, namely are +3U0, -3U0, + 3 *3U0 and - 3 *3U0,
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AC Relay Testing
Notes: “Output Hold” function includes.
4.5.2 Test device (Please refer to 4.4 DC test: 4.4.2) 4.5.3 Example 1 Test item: manual mode to test the action value
Relay name: LL-9/3
Fixed value of relay: action value 3A, return value 2.6A, action time 0.03s.
4.5.3.1 Test connection IA connects to terminal+ 2 of current loop, IN connect to terminal- 8 of current loop; Output contact 1, 3 of relay connect to the binary input 1 of the tester as shown in the Fig. 4.5-2.
Fig. 4.5-2 Test connections Graph
4.5.3.2 Parameter setting The parameters irrelevant to the test such as UA, UB, UC, Ux, IB, IC, Ia, Ib, Ic; suggest
setting them as zero as shown in the Fig. 4.5-3.
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AC Relay Testing
Fig. 4.5-3 Settings of AC Current Amplitude Value
4.5.3.3 Start test
1. Click the icon Run(F1) to start test, and the tester IA outputs 2.5A
2. Click the icon , IA will be gradually increased in accordance with the step. The
holding time of each step will be longer than the action time of output terminal of relay.
It will continue till relay output contacts acts. And the tester will auto record the
results.
3. Click Stop(F1) to stop the test
4.5.4 Example 2 Test item: seek the action boundary by manual
Relay name: LG-11 Power direction relay 4.5.4.1 Test connection UA connects to terminal 7 of voltage loop, UN connect to terminal 8 of voltage loop; IA
connects to terminal 6 of current loop, IN connects to terminal 5 of current loop, 4.5.4.2 Parameter setting Set the output value of UA at 50V, which is bigger than the voltage action value of relay, and
the current output value is at 5 A as shown in the Fig. 4.5-4.
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AC Relay Testing
Fig. 4.5-3 Parameters Settings of AC Current 4.5.4.3 Start test 1. Click the icon Run(F1) , and the tester UA outputs 50V, IA outputs 5A
2. Click the icon , the angle between UA and IA will be gradually decreased in
accordance with the step. The holding time of each step will be longer than the action
time of output terminal of relay. It will continue till relay output contacts acts. And then
record the action boundary I
3. Click the icon , the angle between UA and IA will be gradually increased in
accordance with the step. The holding time of each step will be longer than the action
time of output terminal of relay. It will continue till relay output contacts acts. And then
record the action boundary II
4. Click Stop(F1) to stop the test.
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Distance
4.6 Distance
Click “Distance” module on the K1066i Main menu with the mouse and enter the interface
of Distance test. The Testing Module is mainly used to test line protection such as the
distance and zero-sequence. This module can simulate various (single-phase grounding,
two-phase grounding, interphase and three-phase) short-circuit fault in power system,
including transient fault, permanent fault and transitional fault as shown in Fig. 4.5-1
below.(Note: . The calibration of the fixed value of impedance is able to finish the test for
single test point)
Fig. 4.5-1 Distance
4.6.1 Parameter definition 1. Count formula of short-circuit voltage
The calibration of impedance fixed value Forward single-phase grounding short-circuit: V=(1+KL)kIZset
Forward interphase short-circuits: V=2kIZset The calibration of impedance fixed value of working frequency variation Forward single-phase grounding short-circuit: V=(1+KL)kIZset+(1-1.05M)Un
Forward interphase short-circuits: V=2kIZset + (1-1.05M) 3Un Backward output terminal short-circuit: V=0
Note: KL is circuit side zero-sequence compensation factor, k is the multiple of
short-circuit impedance value, I is short-circuiting current, Zset is
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Distance
- 38 -
short-circuiting impedance setting, M is power frequency variable factor and
Un is rated voltage.
Working frequency factor M: input 0.9, protection relay will reliably non-act; input
1.1, the relay shall reliably act; input 1.2 to test the action time of the protection relay.
2. Reference reclose angle
Reference phase angle of phase voltage when there is the fault. Since three-phase
voltage and current phase is inconsistent, the reclosed angle is related to fault type.
The reference voltage phase chosen is as shown in the table below.
Fault Type Reclose angle reference phase __________________________________________________ A-N Ph (Ua) __________________________________________________ B-N Ph (Ub) __________________________________________________ C-N Ph (Uc) __________________________________________________ A-B Ph(Ua-Ub) __________________________________________________ B-C Ph(Ub-Uc) __________________________________________________ C-A Ph(Uc-Ua) __________________________________________________ A-B-C Ph (Ua) __________________________________________________ 3. Definition of the installation position of PT, CT PT position
Simulate primary side PT is installed either on the bus or on the circuitry.
When PT is installed on the bus, after disconnecting the fault phase, the phase current is zero, and voltage comes back to the normal phase voltage(V=Vnom); When PT
is installed in the circuit, after disconnecting the fault phase, the phase current
and voltage are zero. CT position IA, IB, IC is polarity terminal when CT position “point to line”, and IN is non-polarity terminal;
Distance
when CT position “point to bus bar”, IN is polarity terminal while IA, IB, IC is
non-polarity terminal
4. The counting models involved There are three counting models: short-circuit current constant/invariable, short-circuit
voltage constant/invariable, power supply impedance constant/invariable
①. Current constant/invariable There is an ideal current source in the fault circuit assumed by the model. Short-circuit
voltage computed by short-circuit current and short-circuit impedance.
Current constant/invariable counting model
②. Voltage constant/invariable There is an ideal voltage source in the fault circuit assumed by the model. Short-circuit
current computed by short-circuit voltage and short-circuit impedance.
Voltage constant/invariable counting model
③. impedance constant/invariable There is a power impedance in series with the ideal voltage source, connecting with
the fault circuit. The model is similar to the true grid.
Power supply (system side) constant/invariable counting model
- 39 -
For the count model of the constant current, the amount of short-circuit voltage Vf worked out by current and impedance will not more than Vnom(Nominal Voltage). Given that
V>Vnom, then the amount of short-circuit current If will automatically get lower when
calculating which results in it meets the conditions of Vf<Vnom.
Distance
For the count model of the voltage constant, when the amount of fault current If computed
by voltage and impedance is excessive big, that is If>Imax (30 A), the program will give off
the alarm. The solution is to reduce the setting of short-circuit voltage. For the count model of the constant power(system)impedance, when the amount of
short-circuit impedance and the power impedance is near or equals zero, the computed
short-circuit current will be over big, that is If>Imax, then the reminder of current beyond the
limit will display on the bottom of the screen. The solution is to increase the power
impedance to remove the existing number beyond the limit.
5. The settings of Zero-sequence Compensation factor There are two ways of settings:
1. KL
2. Re/Rl & Xe/Xl
3. KL= (Z0-Z1)/ (3*Z1) indicated by Re and Im
Considering zero sequence impedance angle equal to the line impedance angle, now KL is
a real number, and the virtual part Im is zero. As for RCS900, ISA300 etc series
microcomputer protection relay, its fixed value calibration is stipulated that KL is the zero
sequence compensation factors. User must select the mode of KL when testing, at then, Im
is set as zero.
Re/Rl=Kr=
Xe/Xl = Kx =
As for CSL, PSL, WXB etc series microcomputer protection relay, its fixed value calibration are stipulated that Kr、Kx are the zero sequence compensation factor. User must select the
mode of Re/Rl & Xe/Xl as compensation mode.
Setting mode:
As calibration of fixed value in X direction, please set shortcircuit impedance angle as 90
degree, set Kr as zero.
- 40 -
Distance
As calibration of fixed value in R direction, please set shortcircuit impedance angle as zero
degree, set Kr as zero.
Note: With regard to non-grounding shortcircuit fault, zero sequence compensation factors
are not involved in the computation of shortcircuit.
The conversion relationship among Kl, Zo/Z1 and Re/Rl, Xe/Xl
6. Ux Output setting: Including random value, +3U0, -3U0, + 3 *3U0 and - 3 *3U0 five settings, when setting
to 3U0, its value conforms to 3U0 value of the phase-sequence diagram; when Ux is set to
be the random value, its amplitude value, phase and frequency can be setting randomly,
when Ux phase refers to UA.
7. The definition of Binary input Three pairs binary input are namely A, B, C is able to define as (protective) trip A, trip B, trip
C or triplet trip signal even user can close them. No more testing the state change of the
binary input contact during the test. Binary input 4 is generally perceived as reclose binary
input signal, K10 series has another four pairs of binary input contacts 5, 6, 7, 8.
8. The setting of binary output
The setting of pre-fault time and the setting of binary output based on GPS-trigger fault.
Pre-fault time is to set the time before entering the fault. Binary output setting is perceived
as output reclose. Once entering the fault state, the tester, in terms of the settings, will give
off a signal by the reclose of binary output after delaying one period time. Binary output time
delay is set as to cooperate the setting of binary output. And binary output remain is the
holding time of giving off signal of binary output.
9. The open/reclose mode of binary output Including time control, contact control and GPS control three modes. As for time control,
K10 series output the corresponding state when the fault time automatically enters various
states by the value amount order of the fault time value, trip time value and reclose time
value. Binary Input state change will not cause any response. Here the input time value is
the duration of the corresponding state (that means fault time, off time and overlapping time) - 41 -
Distance
output by the test device. The setting of [Testing duration] is more than the amount of the
fault time, off time and the fault time after overlapping. For single-phase fault, single or triple
trip mode can be chosen through the menu option.
4.6.2 Calibration on the impedance fixed value Able to finish the test of the single testing point of distance protection, including various fault
types relate to interphase and grounding, and also calibrate the backward action situations.
To select the test item (impedance fixed value/working frequency variation impedance fixed
value calibration)
1. Setting of basic parameters (loaded current, phase, the hold time of the test)
2. To select the fault type, setting of the fixed impedance value, impedance angle,
impedance multiple and fault characteristic etc.
3. To select the counting model (it is usually about current constant) and setting of
compensation factor of zero sequence
4. To select the fault triggering mode
5. To define the binary output
6. Click the icon Run(F1) , and start the test.
4.6.3 Example 1 Test Task: Distance simulation test of grounding distance protection two sections, including
trip time, reclose time, permanent trip time.
Protection relay: GE Multilin-L90 line Differential protection relay Protection fixed value: one section fixed value of grounding distance: 1 ,direction 75°。 Ω
Function: Grounding distance zone 1: Enabled 4.6.3.1 Test connection 1. Connect the output terminal of voltage and current of the tester with the corresponding
input terminal of current /voltage of the protection relay by test wire.
2. Connect the trip output contacts of the protection relay with Binary Input contact 1 of the
tester as shown in the Fig. 4.6-2
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Distance
1
2
3
4
Binary input
KINGSINERelay tester
IA
IBIC
Ia
IbIc
IN
UA
UB
UCUN
GE Multilin L90 Dif f erential Relay
F1a
F2aF3a
F1b F2b F3b
F5c F6c F7c
H1cH1b
Trip (cont OP1)
+-
220VB5bB6a
Power input
F5a
F6a
F7a
Fig. 4.6-2 Test connection graph
4.6.3.2 Parameter setting 1. Select the test item, set the basic parameter, and make sure that the test time is longer
than the sum of protective action time, reclose time and permanent trip time as shown in
the Fig. 4.6-3
Fig. 4.6-3 Basic parameter settings of the test
2. Select the fault type: L1-E, forward; set the fault mode as permanent because it is to test
the permanent trip time; set 0.95 as the multiple of shortcircuit impedance (the principle
of this section of protection: Input 0.95 and the protection is reliable with action, input
1.05 and the protection is reliable without action); select the impedance angle; select the
installation position of PT, CT as shown in the Fig. 4.6-4
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Distance
Fig. 4.6-4 The settings of fault type
3. Setting of Count model, usually it is about current constant/invariable; set the fault
current as shown in Fig. 4.6-5
Fig. 4.6-5 Calculation modes
4. Fault triggering mode is to select time starting, to set pre-fault time (Setting of pre-fault
time is to be longer than the revert (drop-off) time of distance relay), including the break line drop-off of PT and charge time of reclose brake, usually set as 20...25s); Set binary output (no need for reception of high frequency signal) as shown in Fig. 4.6-6
Fig. 4.6-6 Fault startup parameters
5. Select the open/reclose mode of binary input is called as contact control (Please refer to
4.6-1 about the open/reclose mode of Binary input); Set the definition of binary input because protection involved is separate phase trip, contact 1, 2, 3, 4 are respectively set as Trip A, trip B, trip C, reclose as shown in the Fig. 4.6-7.
Fig. 4.6-7 Binary input setting
6. Set the output of UX, this item can be set at random because the protective reclose testing do not test non-voltage and synchronizer as shown in the Fig. 4.6-8.
Fig. 4.6-8 UX Output setting
Prompt: Click the icon of “Pdgn”, user can preview the output current and the output voltage under the load state, fault state, reclose state.
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Distance
4.6.3.3 Start test Test flow: Pre-fault Fault → Reclose → Permanent trip →
1. Click Run(F1)
2. The tester will do as its settings to simulate the voltage volume and current volume
in the precedence order of Pre-fault (20s), fault, reclose, permanent trip(4s in total),
and record the action time, reclose time, the permanent trip time
3. The test is over, save the test report, and view the report as shown in the Fig. 4.6-9
4. Save the test parameters
Fig. 4.6-9 Test report
4.6.4 Example 2 Test item: Fixed value calibration of impedance component of working frequency variation
Protection Device: The Microcomputer line whole-set protection device model ISA—311
Protection fixed value: working frequency variation impedance 1Ω
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Distance
Relay function: Distance Enabled, Zero sequence and Reclose Disabled.
Control word: M enabled. 4.6.4.1 Test connection 1. Connect the output terminal of 3 voltages and 3 currents of the tester with the
corresponding input terminal of current /voltage of the protection relay by test wire. 2. Connect the trip output contacts P2-5、P2-6 of the protection relay with Binary Input
contact 1 of the tester and connect the operation contact of reclose with Binary Input
contact R of the test instrument. 4.6.4.2 Parameter setting 1. Select the test item, set the basic parameter, and make sure that the test time is longer
than the protective action time as shown in the Fig. 4.6-10
Fig. 4.6-10 Test parameter setting
Working frequency factor M: Input 0.9 and the protection is reliable without action, input 1.1
and the protection is reliable with action, and input 1.2 is to test the protection action time.
2. Select the fault type: L1-E, forward; set the impedance angle; select the installation
position of PT, CT as shown in the Fig. 4.6-11
Fig. 4.6-11 Fault setting
- 46 -
Distance 3. Setting of count model, usually it is about current constant/invariable; set the fault current
as shown in Fig. 4.6-12
Fig. 4.6-12 Count model setting
4. Fault triggering mode is to select time starting, to set pre-fault time (Setting of pre-fault
time is to be longer than the revert (drop-off) time of distance relay), including the break line drop-off of PT and charge time of reclose brake, usually set as 20...25s); Set binary output (no need for reception of high frequency signal) as shown in Fig. 4.6-13.
Fig. 4.6-13 The setting of fault triggering
5. Select the open/reclose mode of binary input is called as contact control which as shown in the Fig. 4.6-14
Fig. 4.6-14 The setting of the definition of binary input
6. Setting of the output of UX. This item is to set at discretion because protective reclose brake did not test non-voltage and synchronizer.
Fig. 4.6-15 The setting of Ux output
- 47 -
Power Direction 4.7 Power Direction
The Testing Module is used to test the action value and sensitive angle of voltage relay, current relay, power relay and the impedance relay; and the manual or automatic testing and static tests and dynamic tests can be done, as shown in the Fig. 4.7-1 below:
Fig. 4.7-1 Power direction testing
4.7.1 Parameter description Pre-fault(s) setting: can be setting under optional fault type.
Fault output: can only be set when fault type is Random
Change mode: including “From→To” ,”Quick Scan”and “From→To→From” Three modes,
“From→To” is the one-way change, and only action value can be measured by it;
“From→To→From” is round-way change, and action value and return value can be
measured simultaneously.
Note: “From→To→From” mode must be adopted for testing the sensitive angle; the
starting value and final values of the variable, Pre-fault time are only applicable to the
automatic testing mode.
Pre-fault(s) time: reliable reversion of protection relay should be insured.
Fault time: when the fault is simulated every time, it is maximum fault output time which
must be over the operating time of the relay. When Pre-fault(s) is set over zero,
a dynamic test can be done for the protection relay. The dynamic test equals a
number of tests of simulating fault and there are the front fault and fault process
every time, but all output faults are different every time, and they will change
- 48 -
Power Direction
- 49 -
according to the set modes to test the dynamic Characteristic of the protection
relay. When the Pre-fault(s) is set to zero and has no output discontinuous
process, the test device only output the fault when testing, as equals one static
test for the relay.
4.7.2 Test device
1. Max sensitive angle test
Add the nominal current at nominal voltage, and make sure the action boundary and max.
sensitive angle of power direction relay. Parameter setting as follows: fault type is optional,
and phase A voltage and phase B voltage are set as 50V, phase difference 180 degree,
current of phase A is 5A and zero degree, and select the current phase as variable
according to the given angle range with the change order of “start – final - start”.
When the test starts, the test device shall change the voltage phase and current phase
automatically, and it shall automatically record the boundary value Ph1 and Ph2 of action
angle of power direction elements, and then the conclusion is that action area of power
direction elements: Ph=Ph1- ph2, and action sensitive angle: Ph1m=(Ph1-Ph2)/2. And the
calculation course could be finished by the tester itself.
The following is the max sensitive angle of three kinds of power direction relay for
reference:
Interphase power direction relay: -45º±5º;30º±5º
Zero-sequence power direction relay: -105º±5º
Negative sequence power direction relay: -105º±5º
2. Test of min action value While it is the max sensitive angle, one exciting quantity for outputting is fixed at a nominal
value, the variation of another exciting quantity shall make relay acts, and then it is the min
action value. The test can be finished by manual or by automation.
Uab and Ia can be adopted as the variable while test, the variation range can be set 0…5V and 0…2A, and the variant step can be 0.001V and 0.001A. And set Ph(Ua)= Ph1m,
Ph(Ub)=180º + Ph1m. Then get the min action value for voltage and current according to
the above.
Power Direction
3. Shunt running testAdd no voltage, and add 10 times of nominal AC current 50A, close and open five times.
When testing, set the voltage value as zero, Ia=Ib=25A and Ph (Ia) =Ph (Ib). Parallel
connecting the two-phase current to the current loop of relay by cable and add not current,
the relay should act reliably and no damage. Add 1.1 nominal voltage (100 V) for five times
of close and open, and set the single phase voltage as 110V and add to the voltage loop of
relay, the relay should act reliably and no damage.
4.7.3 Example Test task: The test of one section of max. sensitive angle of zero sequence overcurrent
Protection device: GE Multilin-L90 line differential protection device
Protective fixed value: one section current of zero sequence overcurrent 5A; action area: -192°<Arg3U0/3I0<
-12°
Enable and disable of protection relay: enable zero sequence overcurrent in one section of direction,
disable the distance protection, and disable the reclose
4.7.3.1 Testing Connection: 1. Connect the output terminal of 3 voltages and 3 current of the tester with the
corresponding input terminal of current /voltage of the protection relay by test wire.
2. Connect the trip output contacts of the protection relay with Binary Input contact 1 of the
tester as shown in Fig. 4.7-2.
1
2
3
4
Binary input
KINGSINERelay tester
IA
IBIC
Ia
IbIc
IN
UA
UB
UCUN
GE Multilin L90 Dif f erential Relay
F1a
F2aF3a
F1b F2b F3b
F5c F6c F7c
H1cH1b
Trip (cont OP1)
+-
220VB5bB6a
Power input
F5a
F6a
F7a
Fig. 4.7-2 Test connection graph
4.7.3.2 Parameter Setting: 1. Select test mode and fault type, and set the pre-fault(s) and fault time, see the Fig. 4.7-3;
- 50 -
Power Direction
Fig. 4.7-3 Setting of test mode
2. Set the options of variable and set start value and final value of variable, and set step,
shown as the Fig. 4.7-4;
Note: the angle range caused by start value and final value should cover action area of the
protection
Fig. 4.7-4 Setting of Variant
3. Set the output value of voltage and current of pre-fault and fault state, shown as the Fig.
4.7-5.
4. The output under the state of Pre-fault should ensure that the reliable reversion of
protection; while the output under the period of fault state should ensure that the reliable
action of protection.
Fig. 4.7-5 Output setting under pre-fault and fault state
4.7.3.3 Start the test 1. Click Run(F1) , the tester outputs the quantity under pre-fault state for 1s, then
immediately enter the fault state for 0.4S: UA 30V, phase angle -200 , IA is 5.5A and phase
angle is 0 , and no protection action; and go on to output under pre-fault state for 1S, and
then immediately enter the fault state for 1S: UA is 30V, phase angle is -199° , IA is 5.5A
and phase angle is 0 . If the protection does not act, then the above will repeat according
to the step until the first action point is found, the tester shall record the action value 1
automatically, and seek the action point along the direction of final value. It will continue
until it is beyond the action area, it changes to 0° , and then scan along to the direction from
0° to -192° until the protection acts, and the tester will record the action value 2, then stop
the test and automatically work out the sensitive angle.
°
°
°
2. Save test parameter and report, shown as the Fig. 4.7-6.
- 51 -
Power Direction
Fig. 4.7-6 Test report
- 52 -
Time Characteristic
4.8 Time Characteristic
The Testing Module includes i/t, v/t, f/t three testing items; i/t is mainly used to test current
action time characteristic of directional or non-directional overcurrent relay, and to test
current action time characteristic of overcurrent protection which respectively against single
phase grounding short circuit, two phase short-circuit and 3-phase short circuit as well as to
test action time characteristic of zero/negative sequence overcurrent protection applied in
protection units for generators, electromotor. v/t is used to test voltage action time
characteristic of voltage relay; f/t is used to test frequency action time characteristic of
frequency relay as shown in Fig. 4.8-1:
Fig. 4.7-1 Time Characteristic
4.8.1 Parameter description The counting of shortcircuit of i/t characteristic curve test
Fault Type: including L1-E, L2-E, L3-E, L1-L2, L2-L3, L3-L1 and L1-L2-L3 in total of 7 fault
types for testing options
1. Single-phase grounding
For the single-phase grounding fault, during the test, fault phase current equals the tested
current and other two-phase current is zero. Failure phase voltage equals to short-circuit
voltage, and the other two phases are nominal voltage. Taking Phase A short-circuit as an
example, the vector diagram is shown as below:
- 53 -
Time Characteristic
Fig. 4.8-2 Phase A short-circuit
2. Two-phase short-circuit
Two fault phase current equals the tested current, and each phase is reverse. Taking BC
phase short-circuit as an example, Ib and Ic equals to tested current, Ia is zero, and other
3-phase are nominal voltage, its vector diagram is shown below on the left:
Fig. 4.8-3 BC phase short-circuit
3. Three-phase short-circuit
Three-phase current is symmetric and it equals the tested current.
Its vector diagram is shown below:
Fig. 4.8-4 Three-phase short-circuit
4.8.2 Relay i/t & v/t & f/t Testing
4.8.2.1 i/t characteristic testing 1. Set test time
2. Select failure type, set nominal voltage, failure voltage, load current, phase angle and
- 54 -
Time Characteristic
- 55 -
nominal frequency;
3. Set starting current value, final current value and current step size;
4. Click to run the test.
4.8.2.2 v/t characteristic test
1. Set test time
2. Mark “√” for the voltage to be tested;
3. Set starting voltage value, final voltage value and step size;
4. Click to run the test.
4.8.2.3 f/t characteristic test
1. Set test time
2. Mark “√” for the voltage to be tested;
3. Set starting value of failure voltage frequency, final value and step size;
4. Click to run the test.
4.8.3 Example 1 Task: Over current inverse curve i/t characteristic test
Protection device: GE Multilin - L90
Setting: pickup current: 5A, 3I0 inverse time multiple: 1
Function: over current: enable, curve selection: IEEE mod inverse curve
4.8.3.1 Testing Connection: 1.Connect the output contacts of three-phase voltage and current IA of the test device with
the corresponding input contacts of voltage and current of the protection device by test
wire. 2.The trip contact of the protection device is connected with Binary Input contact A of the
tester, as shown in Fig. 4.8-5.
Time Characteristic
Fig. 4.8-5 Time Characteristic
4.8.3.2 Parameter setting 1. Select the items to be tested and set the test time, shown as the Fig. 4.8-6;
Fig. 4.8-6 Setting of basic parameters
2. Select fault type and set the system parameter, shown as the Fig. 4.8-7;
Fig. 4.8-7 Setting of parameter (Fault Type)
3. Set the start value, final value and steps of fault current, shown as the Fig. 4.8-8;
Fig. 4.8-8 Settings of Current
4.8.3.3 Run the test and save the report, shown as the Fig. 4.8-9 and 4.8-10.
Fig. 4.8-9 Time Characteristic
- 56 -
Time Characteristic
Fig 4.8-10 Test Report
- 57 -
Time Characteristic
4.8.4 Example 2 Test task: Test of low voltage time characteristic curve of voltage relay
Protection device: GE Multilin - L90 differential protection device 4.8.4.1 Test connection 1.Connect the output contacts of three-phase voltage and voltage of the test device with
the corresponding input contacts of voltage and current of the protection device by test
wire, shown as the Fig. 4.8-2;
2.The trip contact of the protection device is connected with Binary Input contact A of the
tester. 4.8.4.2 Setting of parameter 1. Select the items to be tested and set the test time, shown as the Fig. 4.8-11;
Fig. 4.8-11 Parameter setting
2. Select the tested voltage and set the pre-fault voltage, shown as the Fig. 4.8-12;
Fig. 4.8-12 Pre-fault voltage setting
3. Set the start value, final value and steps of fault voltage, shown as the Fig. 4.8-13;
Fig. 4.8-13 Fault voltages setting
4. Click to run the test, and save the report.
4.8.5 Example 3 Test task: Test of time characteristic curve of ISA-351 frequency relay 4.8.5.1 Test connection 1. Connect the output contacts of three-phase voltage and voltage of the test device with
the corresponding input contacts of voltage and current of the protection device by test wire,
shown as the Fig. 4.8-14;
2. The trip contact of the protection device is connected with Binary Input contact A of the
tester. 4.8.5.2 Parameters Setting
- 58 -
Time Characteristic
1.Select the tested items, and set the test, shown as the Fig. 4.8-15;
Fig. 4.8-15 Set of parameter
2. Select the tested voltage, and set the pre-fault voltage and pre-fault frequency, shown
as the Fig. 4.8-16;
Fig. 4.8-16 Voltage setting of pre-fault
3. Set the start value, final value and steps of fault voltage and fault frequency, shown as
the Fig. 4.8-17;
Fig. 4.8-17 Set of frequency
4.8.5.3 Click to run the test, and save the report.
- 59 -
Advance Distance Testing
4.9 Advance Distance Testing
The Testing Module is used to test the operate boundary curve of impedance relay under
different angle, and then form the action characteristic figure automatically, such as round,
quadrangle and ellipse type, etc., shown as the Fig. 4.9-1.
Fig. 4.8-1 Advanced Distance I
4.9.1 Parameter description Scanning central point: generally to adopt half of angle of maximum sensitivity value of
impedance relay. The scanning central point could be setting on the left top
corner, or click the central point by mouse left key in the graph on the right. To be
mentioned that the impedance value of relay should be acted, or it will not be
able to test.
Start angle and final angle: set the scan range, namely, the start angle and final angle of
impendence relative to the central point;
Angle steps: it depends on the total amount of scanning line, the smaller angle steps is,
the more scanning lines;
Scanning radius: the semi-diameter relative to central point and the unit is ohm.
Scanning precision: the min variant step of impendence during boundary scan (Note: do - 60 -
Advance Distance Testing
- 61 -
not set the min step of impendence to big, or it will not search the action
boundary exactly, generally use 2% of scanning semi-diameter);
Pre-fault time: firstly, output the nominal quantity of state before fault simulation, namely,
the 3-phase symmetric voltage and nominal quantity of no-current of V=Vnom,
and then enter the fault state when the pre-fault time ends. For the nominal
impendence or distance protection, generally set it as zero in order to speedup
the testing. But sometimes, it could be set as one of the time value, like 0.1
seconds, to test the dynamic impendence characteristics of relay, so the tested
relay can return to the nominal state before this period of time. It is necessary to
set time of nominal state before faults to protect the micro-computer, since the
sudden-change quantity start mode is used and it needs several or over ten
seconds to return.
Max. fault time: the max output time of fault quantity for each fault simulation. The time
value should be over the action time of protection relay to guarantee the
test precision.
Min action time: during the test, if the action time of relay is below the min action time, the
action of relay will not be recognized, and it can search a lot of distance
protection action boundary to match this time and the fault time.
Example: in a triple-section distance, the action time of distance section II and distance
section III is 0.5s and 1s respectively. In case of testing the impedance action
characteristic, to prevent the influence of action of distance section III and distance
section I over the boundary test, we select the fault time as 0.7s, which enable
distance section II to act reliably while distance section III do not act. Take min
action time as 0.3s, and remove the influence of distance section I in order to make
sure the result is the impedance action boundary of distance section II.
Wire connection mode: adopt line voltage output mode for single-phase impendence
relay test to enlarge the scope of impendence search. When the fault type are
Phase A, B and C fault, we choose Uab, Ubc and Uca as the voltage output. If
Vnom=80V, I=5A and zero-sequence compensation factor is zero, the max test
impendence could reach 32 ohm (Z=2*80V/5A).
Fixed value: the setting of fixed value Z1, Z2, Ph1 and Ph2 is used to define the action
area of tested impendence relay, so that it can set the parameters of the central
Advance Distance Testing
point impendence and scanning radius, etc.
Fig. 4.9-2 Definition of Z1, Z2, Ph1 and Ph2
4.9.2 Test mode 1. Choose radial scanning mode. 2. Principle of setting scanning central point No matter the impendence characteristics of round or other shapes, the location of central
point impendence value should be at the center of impendence center of relay, so the
layout of boundary point could be more uniform.
3. Principle of setting the scan range The searched area is determined by central point impendence position; scan
semi-diameter, start and final angel of scan range, etc. Scan area should totally cover the
impendence action area of tested impendence relay, otherwise, it maybe can not find some
boundary impendence value, but the search area should not be too bigger than action area
to make test time very long.
When the initial angle is at certain degree, the angle steps will decide the intensity of test
line and the quantity of test points. If the radiation mode is used to test the impendence
characteristics, it not only can be used to test the round characterized impendence action
boundary but also other polygon or out-of-shape type, like apple type, ellipse and
parallelogram, etc.
4. Test flow When the test is started, the test device enters the pre-fault state (>0) and output the
normal voltage and current. Before the pre-fault state ends, firstly make the short-circuit
impendence equal to the scan center impendence, the simulated fault of the internal side of
area enters the short-circuit state. If the protection action takes place at this point, and the
action time is over the min action time, the test device shall choose the impendence value
of external side of area or start end of scan line to simulate the short circuit course after
returning and the pre-short-circuit course. If it does protect at this point, there should be an
action boundary in the memory of scan line. Then change the impendence value at 10
- 62 -
Advance Distance Testing
times of the test precision, to approach the central point along the scan line. If it does not
protection or protect at the first point (scan central point) when the test starts, then there is
no boundary impendence in the memory of scan line, so it will give up to search in this scan
line to enter the next scan line.
In order to save the searching time with the same test precision, choose the mode of
impendence-turn-step to do impedance approach. Whenever each boundary value is found, “x” will be marked on the corresponding scan line by system, then it continue to scan the
impendence boundary of next angle until it finally finish within the given range. Shown as
the Fig. 4.9-3 for whole search sequence:
Fig. 4.9-3 Figure of search
5. Notes
Precision of test is not supposed to be over big, generally it is 2% of scan
semi-diameter;
With regard to micro-computer protection, pre-fault time or action return time should
be longer than the reverting time of the whole group.
For LZ series impendence relay:
Pre-fault time: 0.0S Fault time: 0.2S (according to action time)
Action returns time: 0.2S
For WXB-11 or LFP-901 micro computer protection, etc.
Pre-fault time: 15.0S Fault time: 0.2S (according to action time)
Action returns time: 0.0S
- 63 -
Advance Distance Testing
4.9.3 Example Test task: one section of interphase impedance characteristic test of distance protection
Protection device: GE Multilin - L90 differential protection device Fixed value of protection: one section of interphase impedance fixed value: 1.00 ; Ω
one section of interphase impedance direction: 75°
Protection Enable/Disable: one section of Enable/Disable of distance protection 4.9.3.1 Test Connection 1. Connect the output contacts of three-phase voltage and current of the tester with the
corresponding input contacts of voltage and current of the protection relay by test wire;
2. The trip contact of the protection device is connected with Binary Input contact A of the
tester, shown as the Fig. 4.9-4.
1
2
3
4
Binary input
KINGSINERelay tester
IA
IBIC
Ia
IbIc
IN
UA
UB
UCUN
GE Multilin L90 Dif f erential Relay
F1a
F2aF3a
F1b F2b F3b
F5c F6c F7c
H1cH1b
Trip (cont OP1)
+-
220VB5bB6a
Power input
F5a
F6a
F7a
Fig. 4.9-4 Connection of test
4.9.3.2 Setting of parameter 1. Set the central point impendence, shown as the Fig. 4.9-5.
Select central point impedance by clicking the mouse;
Fig. 4.9-5 Parameter setting of central point
2. Set the scan parameter, shown as the Fig. 4.9-6;
- 64 -
Advance Distance Testing
Fig. 4.9-6 Setting of scan parameter
3. Set fault parameter, shown as the Fig. 4.9-7;
Fig. 4.9-7 Setting of fault parameter
4. Setting of fixed value, shown as the Fig. 4.9-8.
Fig. 4.9-8 Setting of fixed value
4.9.3.3 Run the test Pressing Run(F1) to run, and then save the report after the test, shown as the Fig.
4.9-9.
- 65 -
Advance Distance Testing
Fig. 4.9-9 Test Report
- 66 -
Advanced distanced II
4.10 Advanced distance II
This test module contains the refining current test of action boundary curve of impendence
relay under different short-circuit current or voltage, namely the Z=f (I) and Z=f (V), shown
as the Fig. 4.10-1:
Fig. 4.10-1 Advanced Distance II
4.10.1 Parameter description Max fault time: the outputting state of the fault voltage, fault current during fault time; In
order to search out correctly about the action boundary of the section,
please make sure that the Max. fault time is longer than the fixed action time
of the prevailing section, but smaller than the fixed action time of the next
section
Pre-fault time: the normal output quantities of tester before entering the fault state
(V=Vnom, three-phase symmetric voltage, and no current). Generally, it should
guarantee the reliable reversion of protection relay
Min action time: if the action time of relay is less than the min action time during the test,
the relay shall not recognize the action of relay. It should scan the
impedance characteristic of distance protection of several impedance
sections by the cooperation of the min time value and fault time, but the
pre-fault time should not be set as zero at the moment.
Example: Regarding the three-section distance protection, the action time of - 67 -
Advanced distanced II
- 68 -
distance section II and distance section III are set as 0.5 and 1 second
respectively. In case of testing the impedance action characteristic, to
prevent the influence of action of distance section III and distance section I
over the boundary test, we select the fault time as 0.7s, which enable
distance section II to act reliably while distance section III do not act. Take
min action time as 0.3s, and remove the influence of distance section I in
order to make sure the test result is the impedance action boundary of
distance section II.
Max scan impedance: while search the boundary impedance of corresponding current
points, the starting searching point of scan line should be determined by
max scan impedance and impedance angle, and should be out of the action
area.
Test precision: during searching the boundary impedance,
Impedance angle: the impedance angle of max scan impedance, generally it is taken as
the sensitive angle of impedance relay or protection relay.
Setting of fixed value: The setting of fixed value of Z1, Z2, Ph1 and Ph2 is used to roughly
decide the action area of the tested protection relay, providing the reference for the setting
of central point impedance, scan semi-diameter, etc.
4.10.2 Testing device Once the test starts, the test device enters the pre-fault state first (if this time value is set),
and output the normal state voltage and current value. When the pre-fault states ends,
choose short-circuit current as the nominal current and move the short-circuit impedance to
the end of scan line, to calculate the short-circuit voltage and simulate the short-circuit fault.
If it protects at the impedance of this point, the test device shall move the short-circuit
impedance to the end of scan line after the return state (normal state value) and pre-fault
state, and then starts the next short-circuit simulation course.
If it does not protect at this point, then it show there is a boundary impedance in the area of
this distance, and then reduce the short-circuit impedance gradually, until the boundary
point impedance value is found. When each impedance value is found, the fault phase
current shall increase or decrease according to the specified step and then start the search
of impedance value of next action. If it does not protect at the impedance value of first point
or protects at the impedance of second point, then it shows there is not impedance
boundary value at this short-circuit current, and the search of impedance at this current
shall stop.
Advanced distanced II
4.10.3 Sample 1 Test task: to scan the characteristic curve and min refining current while the relay is short-circuited fewer than 75 º impedance angles. Protection device: ISA – 311 PC line protection device Fixed value of protection: Two section of impedance fixed value: 3.00Ω;
Two section of time limit: 0.50s
Fixed value of line positive sequence impedance angle: 75° Protection Enable/Disable:
Two section of Enable/Disable of distance protection Enable
Grounding distance Disable
Reclose input/exit: Disable
Power frequency variable spacing input/exit: Disable 4.10.3.1 Test Connection Test task: to scan the characteristic curve and min refining current while the relay is short-circuited under 75º impedance angle. Protection device: GE Multilin-L90 line differential protection device Fixed value of protection: one section of impedance fixed value of grounding distance: 1.00Ω; One section of time limit of grounding distance: 0.00s Fixed value of line positive sequence impedance angle: 75° Protection setting: Enable one section of grounding distance 4.10.3.2 Test Connection 1、Connect the output terminals of three-phase voltage and current of the test device with the corresponding input terminals of voltage and current of the protection device by test wire; 2、The trip contact of the protection device is connected with Binary Input contact of the relay test set, shown as the Fig. 4.10-2.
- 69 -
Advanced distanced II
1
2
3
4
Binary input
KINGSINERelay tester
IA
IBIC
Ia
IbIc
IN
UA
UB
UCUN
GE Multilin L90 Dif f erential Relay
F1a
F2aF3a
F1b F2b F3b
F5c F6c F7c
H1cH1b
Trip (cont OP1)
+-
220VB5bB6a
Power input
F5a
F6a
F7a
Fig. 4.10-2 Connection
4.10.3.2 Setup of parameter 1. Select tested items and fault type and set the start value, final value and steps of current, etc., shown as the Fig. 4.10-3.
Fig. 4.10-3 Setup of basis parameter
2. Set test precision and fault time, etc., shown as the Fig. 4.10-4.
Fig. 4.10-4 Setup of scan parameter and time
3. Set the setting vale, shown as the Fig. 4.10-5.
Fig. 4.10-5 Set the setting vale
4.10.3.3 Run the test Press Run(F1) to run the test and it reminds to save the report after the test, shown as the Fig. 4.10-6.
- 70 -
Advanced distanced II
Fig. 4.10-6 Test report
- 71 -
Distance Plus
4.11 Distance Plus
Used for the calibration of fixed value of distance protection, which can test several points or single point
at one time, shown as the Fig. 4.11-1
Fig. 4.11-1 Distance plus
4.11.1 Parameter description Pre-fault time: before each sub-test is started, the tester output a section of pre-fault time
(no-load state), to make sure the reliable reversion of protection contact
and make sure that reclose brake is ready. So the pre-fault time should be
longer than the time of reversion time of protection (including the charge
time of the reclose brake), generally is should be around 20-25s.
Fault time: the time from the moment when entering the fault state to the moment when
test is over, covering the time for reclose and permanent trip.
Reclose delay: the reclosed time of the circuit breaker simulator; the tester will wait for one
section of the Binary I/O recloses delay after receiving reclose action signal,
and then switch voltage volume and current volume to the post-reclose
state. It can be set 0 S if the circuit breaker is being connected.
Break delay: the trip action time of circuit breaker simulator; the tester will based on the
connection of the binary output, whenever on receipt of the trip signal of the
protection relay, will be allowed to enter the after-trip state of voltage/current.
The start angle of Shortcircuit: the angle between the transient short-circuit voltage and
short-circuit current before entering the fault Multiple of short-circuit impedance:
- 72 -
Distance Plus
- 73 -
If the fixed multiple is 0.95, the protection should have reliable action; if 1.05, it
should have no action, if 0.7, then it measures the action time of protection
relay. The protection relay shall be reliable without action when setting the backward
fault
Setting of binary output: it is set according to the need of protection test. When testing
the high frequency protection, it should connect the binary output to the high
frequency signal contacts, and then to simulate the receiving time of the high
frequency signal by using the closing time of binary output, and then high
frequency protection starts and trips when the closing time of binary output is
over.
Definition of binary output: the binary output is set differently when test different times. In
the circuit protection, the protection device has comprehensive reclosing
(triggering per phase) and three-phase reclosing (triple mode). The binary
output setting should be corresponding to the mode of reclosing. If it is triple
mode, the binary output 1, 2 and 3 should be set as three tipping, and the output
contact of protection can be connected to any one of 1, 2 and 3, and the
reclosing contact connects to contact 4. If it is comprehensive type, the binary
output 1, 2 and 3 should be connected to the output contact of triggering A, B
and C, and the reclosing contact connects to contact 4.
4.11.2 Impedance calibration Able to test at one time for interphase type and grounding type of distance protections:
section I, section II, section III of all kinds of fault types under different fault current
1. Fill the interphase or grounding impedance fixed value based on the protection fixed
value sheet.
2. Tick off the target fault types.
3. Set the multiple of short-circuit impedance. Short-circuit impedance = multiple of
short-circuit impedance × fixed value of short-circuit impedance
4. Select the counting mode and setting all sections of short-circuit current.
5. Set fault time and the test-start mode etc. 4.11.3 Example Test task: finish the test of grounding distance, fixed value calibration of same distance and action time one time. Protection device: ISA—311 microcomputer line protection device Fixed value of protection: Same distance: section I – 1 ohm, section II – 2 ohm, section III – 3 ohm, section IV – 4
Distance Plus
ohm 1.5S Distance of grounding: section I – 1 ohm, section II – 2 ohm, section III – 3 ohm, section IV – 4 ohm 1.5S Zero-sequence compensation factor: KL = 0.67 Relay protection function: Two section of Enable/Disable of distance protection Enable
Zero sequence protection Disable
Reclose Disable
Power frequency variable spacing Disable 4.11.3.1 Test connection 1. Connect the output contacts of three-phase voltage and current of the test device with
the corresponding input contacts of voltage and current of the protection device by test
wire;
2. The trip contact of the protection device is connected with Binary Input contact H1-C and
P2-6 of the tester, shown as the Fig. 4.11-2.
Fig. 4.11-2 Test connections
4.11.3.2 Parameter setting 1. Fill the fixed value of interphase and grounding impedance according to the fixed value
of protection, shown as the Fig. 4.11-3.
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Distance Plus
Fig. 4.11-3 Setting of fixed value of impedance
2. Select the fault type, shown as the Fig. 4.11-4.
Fig. 4.11-4 setting of fault type
3. Set the multiple of short-circuit impedance, shown as the Fig. 4.11-5.
Fig. 4.11-5 Multiple of short-circuit resistance setting
4. Set the basic parameter, such as pre-fault time, fault time, test startup mode etc., shown
as Fig. 4.11-6
Fig. 4.11-6 Basic parameter
5. Click ,then select the counting model, and then set the zero-sequence
compensation factor and the amount of each short-circuit current, shown as Fig. 4.11-7.
Fig. 4.11-7 Testing and fixed value of current setting
- 75 -
Distance Plus
6. Set the binary output and binary input, shown as Fig. 4.11-8
Fig. 4.11-8 Setting binary output and binary input
7. Set the PT/CT position, shown as Fig. 4.11-9
Fig. 4.11-9 PT/CT position setting
4.11.3.3 Start testing Click Run(F1) icon to start testing, and then save the report after finishing testing, shown
as Fig. 4.11-10.
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Distance Plus
Fig. 4.11-10 Test report
- 77 -
Zero Sequence
4.12 Zero Sequence Protection
It is used to calibrate the fixed value of the line zero-sequence overcurrent protection, and it
can test single test point or several testing points at one time, shown as Fig. 4.12-1.
Fig. 4.12-1 Zero Sequence Protection
4.12.1 Parameter description Fault time: From the beginning of fault state to the end of the test, including the reclose
time and trip time.
Pre-fault time: Before each subtest item starts, the tester always outputs a certain period
of time called *** (i.e. empty load state) which ensure the protective contacts is
reliably drop off and that the reclose is ready. Thus, this time setting is bigger
than the drop-off time of protective relay (include the charge time of reclose),
usually its value is around 20s...25s.
Break Delay: It’s the trip time of the simulator circuit breaker. According to the connection
of binary input, once the equipment receiving the switch-off signal sent by the
protection device, the equipment will enter the voltage and current state after
the delaying.
Reclose delay: It’s the reclose time of the simulator circuit breaker. When receiving the
reclose action signal, the tester will wait for a period of binary I/O reclose delay,
and then shift the quantities of voltage/current to the reclose state; it can be set - 78 -
Zero Sequence
- 79 -
to Os without the connection to the circuit breaker.
The output mode of current 3I0: as to the single phase grounding fault, in theory, the
zero-sequence current should correspond to the fault current. For example:
phase A grounding, 3I0=Ia; phase B grounding, 3I0=IBb; phase C grounding, 3I0=Ic. However, because the output range of tester is limited,it is not suitable
for the situation when the value of zero-sequence current 3IO is too big. So in
order to simulate 3IO heavy current, it should use the parallel connection mode
of two phases or three phases. Therefore, the procedure provides five output
modes of 3IO current, they are the single phase output ( fault phase), parallel
connection of phase A and B current output, parallel connection of phase B and
C current output, parallel connection of phase C and A current output, and
parallel connection of phase A, B and C current output. The fault current output
and the theoretical situation is entirely consistent in the first mode, and the
others only represent the synthetic modes of 3IO current, that is to say it only
ensure the exactitude of 3IO current output (include direction and value), but
ignore the correspondence with fault current.
Take phase A grounding for example, Select 3I0 “single”, Ia=3I0,Ib=0,Ic=0;
Select 3I0 “A||B”Ia=3I0/2,Ib=3I0/2,Ic=0;
Select 3I0 “B||C” Ia=0,Ib=3I0/2,Ic=3I0/2;
Select 3IO “C||A”, Ia=3I0/2,Ib=0,Ic=3I0/2;
Select 3I0 “A||B||C”, Ia=3I0/3,Ib=3I0/3,Ic=3I0/3.
The value and the direction simulation of Ua, Ub, Uc and 3UO will ensure to be in
compliance with the situations inferred by the theory in spite of the output mode of
3IO.
Note: the 3IO current output mode only represent the supply mode, it doesn’t represent the
connection mode between current output terminal and fault phase current terminal. The
connection between tester and protection device still obey the one-to-one correspondence
rule. As for the equipment with 6 channel current output, terminal IA is connected with
phase A current, terminal IB is connected with phase B current, and terminal IC is
connected with phase C current when the current is output in three phase.
Short-circuit initial angle: the angle of instance short-voltage and short-circuit before
entering fault state. Multiple of zero-sequence current
Zero Sequence
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Fixed multiple 0.950, the protection will be reliable without action; Fixed multiple 1.050, the
protection will be reliable with action; The protection device without direction should be
reliable without action when setting the backward direction fault.
Binary output setting: set the binary output according to the requirements of protection
test. Connect the binary output with high-frequency signal contact when testing
the high-frequency protection device. And use the close time of binary output to
simulate the reception time of high-frequency signal. The high-frequency
protection device will start and trip when closing time of binary output is over.
Definition of binary output: There are different testing items in protection relay. Likewise,
the corresponding binary I/O will have different settings. The modes of reclose restraint of
the protection relay are namely comprehensive reclose (separate phase trip), triplet reclose
(triplet mode); the setting of binary I/O shall be in accordance with the reclose modes. For
instance, the protection is about triplet mode, binary input terminal 1, 2, 3 will be set as
triplet, the output contacts of protective trip are connected with any one of the 1, 2, 3.
Reclose contact connect to contact ; Take example with comprehensive mode protection,
binary output terminal 1, 2, 3 are supposed to be connected with trip A, trip B, trip C of the
output contacts of protective trip. Reclose contact connect to contact 4.
4.12.2 The zero-sequence overloading Calibration It can auto-protect all kinds of fault type at one time under different fault zero-sequence
current I…IV of grounding type. 1. Fill in each fixed value of current according to the protection fixed value sheet.
2. Check fault type, you can check as more as you want.
3. Set the multiple of zero-sequence current. Fault current=Fixed value of zero-sequence
over current protection X Zero-sequence current multiple 4. Set the fault time and the testing start mode, etc.
5. Set binary output and binary input.
4.12.3 Example Test task: finish the calibration of zero-sequence protection fixed value and the test of
action time in one time.
Protection device: ISA—311 micro line protection device. Fixed value of protection device: Zone1:10A; Zone2: 8.0A, 0.5S; Zone3: 4.0A, 1S;Zone4: 2.0A, 1.5S.
Protection device cast back: cast zero-sequence I, II, III, back zero-sequence direction.
Zero Sequence
4.12.3.1 Wire-connection 1.Use the testing wire to connect the voltage output terminal of the tester with the
corresponding voltage input terminal of the protection device. And independently
connect the current IA and IN of the tester with zero-sequence current input terminal of
the protection device. 2. Connect the trip exit contact of the protection device with the input contact of the tester.
Fig. 4.12-2 Wire-connection figure
4.12.3.2 Set parameter 1. Set the fault time and mode etc., shown as Fig. 4.12-3.
Fig. 4.12-3 Time and basic parameter setting
2. Input each fixed value of the zero-sequence over current according to the protection
fixed value sheet.
Fig. 4.12-4 Zero-sequence over current protection fixed value setting
3. Input the impedance fixed value of zero-sequence over current protection, shown as Fig.
4.12-5.
Note: the tester have the self-protection function, so the procedure will auto-cut the
testing current of the fault phase to make the short-circuit voltage of the fault phase stay
on the level of less than or equal to the rating voltage when the short-circuit voltage of - 81 -
Zero Sequence
the fault phase is more than or equal to the rating voltage. As to testing the bigger
zero-sequence current, the value of the zero-sequence resistance should be reduced to
avoid the non-action of the testing point, and make sure the short-circuit voltage of the
fault phase is less than the rating voltage.
Fig. 4.12-5 Impedance fixed value of zero-sequence over current protection setting
4. Select the fault type, shown as Fig. 4.12-6.
Fig. 4.12-6 Fault type setting
5. Select the multiple of zero-sequence current, shown as Fig. 4.12-7.
Fig. 4.12-7 Multiple of zero-sequence current setting
6. Set binary output and binary input, shown as Fig. 4.12-8.
Fig. 4.12-8 Binary output and binary input setting
4.12.3.3 Start testing Click Run(F1) to start testing, and then save the report after testing.
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Differential
4.13 Differential Relays Testing
It is used to auto-test the digital transformer, generator and the characteristic of ratio
restraint and harmonic restraint of generator/electromotor differential protection, and can
draw the restraint characteristic curve, shown as Fig. 4.13-1.
Fig. 4.13-1 Differential Protection
Note: The module is suitable for testing split/separate phase differential protection.
Ratio restraint testing
IA is used as the input current of transformer HV side or the input terminal current of
generator and electromotor.
IB is used as the input current of transformer HV side or the neutral terminal input current of
generator and electromotor.
IC is used as offset current ( it need to add offset current to counteract the current caused
by non-testing phase of inside of protection relay when the protection device is using inner
turn-over angle).
4.13.1 Parameter Description 1. CT polarity definition: select the inside fault to be straight polarity (transformer
differential) and the outside fault to be straight polarity (generator
differential). The mode of wire-connection depends on the actual field
wire-connection of CT.
2. Output holding time: the fault holding time after the action of protection device; the
simulator circuit breaker exit time.
3. Output interval time: it is more than revert time of the protection device to make sure it
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Differential
- 84 -
reliably return.
4. Changing time: simulate the longest time of fault, and it should be more than the action
time of protection device to make sure the protection device reliably act.
5. Calculation of ratio restraint coefficient K: K= Id/ Ir.
6. Calculation of restraint coefficient Kxb of harmonic restraint: Kxbz=Ixb/Id, Ixb is
harmonic current, Id is fundamental wave current.
7. Setting mode of balance coefficient: this module only supply the direct setting mode.
8. Restraint equation selection: select restraint equation according to different restraint
mode and the coefficient K can be set at discretion.
9. Searching mode selection: it supplies two modes, one is unidirectional approach, and
the other is bidirectional approach. In order to save testing time,
suggest selecting the bidirectional approach. 10. Scan precision setting: the allowable minimum error during the scanning of action
current when selecting the unidirectional approach.
4.13.2 Testing mode 1. Use normal differential to search ratio restraint characteristic Change the current amplitude of I side according to the II side to change the break current
amplitude and action current. The procedure first output the start value of break current and
action current, and then fix break current. As for each break current, the action current
output from start value to end value changes with the step length. It will continue until the
tester receives the action signal of differential relay or until the current reaching end value.
And then search the next action current value of break current.
2. To search the ratio restraint characteristic by the use of microcomputer differential Regarding dynamic searching for the ratio restraint characteristic curve within the given
range, please fill in the threshold value and quick-break current value of protection action
current according to the protection fixed value sheet, and then set the start value and end
value of the action current and break current. After testing, output the break current based
on step while changing action current, and then search the action current corresponds to
the action boundary point; and then the test is not over without the mentioned above till the
end value of break current
3. Test ratio restraint fixed point by microcomputer differential When ratio restraint characteristic auto test on the break current of the fixed points, please
first set the start value and end value of action current, then select the given current change
in the box of break current, user can at most set seven break current at arbitrary value. The
tester will search according to the given break current and the given action current during
Differential
testing.
4. Use microcomputer differential to search harmonic restraint characteristic It can automatically make dynamic search the harmonic characteristic curve of the given
range. First select the harmonic orders, then set the angle difference between harmonic
and the fundamental wave, and then set the harmonic characteristic curve according to the
protection setting sheet, finally set the start value and end value of action current. After
starting test, gradually overlap the harmonic content in the output of action current, and
search action current of harmonic heft correspond to the protection action boundary point,
then repeat the operation method above until the action current corresponds to the
protection boundary points that relate to the end value of differential current 4.13.3 Offset current When the protection device is using inner turn-over angle mode, in order to counteract the
current generated by non-testing phase (caused by arithmetic) of inside of protection relay.
As to the transformer of Y/D-11 wire-connection, the angle difference between HV and LV
side current is 30°, if the two sides are both star-wired, there will also be 30° angle
difference between the two sides. Set the secondary current of HV side to be IHa, IHb, IHc;
and the LV side to be ILa, ILb, and ILc. In order to rectify the angel difference of the two
sides, the protection device uses the calculation to rectify the angle in the HV side (Y side).
IHa´= (IHa- IHb)/ 3 IHb´= (IHb- IHc)/ 3 IHc´= (IHc- IHa)/ 3
Normally, we take the split phase testing. Take phase A for example, assumption: phase B and C current of HV side H side is IHb=0、IHc=0, then the equation above can be
predigested as follows:
IHa´=IHa/ 3 IHc´=(0-IHa)/ 3
From the equation above, we can see when calculating current of phase C IHc´=(0-IHa)/ 3 , it may cause the malfunction of phase C differential protection, and effect the testing
result of phase A. So you should add the compensation current to the LV side (D side) to
counteract the current of HV side (Y side) during testing.
Here are several wire-connection methods of compensation current under different kinds
of transformer wire-connection mode for you to reference.
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Differential
- 86 -
Fig. 1: phase Y compensation (the corner is at HV side); connect IA, IB, and IC with
protection device (split phase differential test)
Wire-connection mode of
transformer
Phase A differential
Phase B differential
Phase C differential
Y—Y
IA—Y side
phase A
IB—Y side
phase a
IA—Y side
phase B
IB—Y side
phase b
IA—Y side
phase C
IB—Y side
phase c
Y—D-11
IA—Y side
phase A
IB—D side
phase a
IC—D side
phase c
IA—Y side
phase B
IB—D side
phase b
IC—D side
phase a
IA—Y side
phase C
IB—D side
phase c
IC—D side
phase b
Y—D-1
IA—Y side
phase A
IB—D side
phase a
IC—D side
phase b
IA—Y side
phase B
IB—D side
phase b
IC—D side
phase c
IA—Y side
phase C
IB—D side
phase c
IC—D side
phase a
Fig. 1
Fig. 2: phase D compensation (the corner is at LV side); connect IA, IB, and IC with
protection device (split phase differential test)
Wire-connection mode of
transformer
Phase A differential
Phase B differential
Phase C differential
Y—Y
IA—Y side
phase A
IB—Y side
phase a
IA—Y side
phase B
IB—Y side
phase b
IA—Y side
phase C
IB—Y side
phase c
Y—D-11
IA—Y side
phase A
IB—D side
phase a
IA—Y side
phase B
IB—D side
phase b
IA—Y side
phase C
IB—D side
phase c
Differential
- 87 -
IC—D side
Phase b
IC—D side
phase c
IC—D side
phase a
Y—D-1
IA—Y side
phase A
IB—D side
phase a
IC—D side
phase c
IA—Y side
phase B
IB—D side
phase b
IC—D side
phase a
IA—Y side
phase C
IB—D side
phase c
IC—D side
phase b
Fig. 2
4.13.4 Example 1 Test task: scan transformer ratio restraint characteristic curve.
Protection device mode: Nari ISA-387F digital transformer differential protection device Fixed value of protection device:
wire-connection mode of transformer: Y/Y/D-11
CT ratio adjustment factor of primary side, secondary side, tertiary side: 1:0.5:1
(Primary side is HV side, secondary side is LV side, tertiary side is MV side. Fixed value of differential current quick-break protection: 5A
Fixed value of Compound rate differential threshold: 1.5A
Fixed value of rate differential: 0.5
Protection cast back:
CT Locking differential for the ratio of cast back: Disable
Compound rate differential protection cast back: Enable Differential current quick-break protection cast back: Enable
Note: this is the three windings transformer, so it can independently do the HV side to LV
side test, HV side to MV side test, and MV side to LV side test. This takes the HV side to LV
side for example.
Because high voltage side or low voltage side is Y/D-11, CT primary side Y side; There are
30º angle difference between HV side and LV side CT secondary current; It needs adding
offset current when testing Y/∆ side; As a result, user can only do test under split/separate
side and split/separate phase. 4.13.4.1 Wire-connection Take Phase A differential for example, IA→HV side IHa of protection device, IB→LV side ILa of
protection device, IC→LV side ILc of protection device, point 1 of the equipment→exit point
of protection device, the wire-connection mode is shown as Fig. 4.13-2.
Differential
4.13.4.2 Parameter settings Normally the equilibrium coefficient is calculated by the rated current.
It requires calculating the break current value and the slop in the inflexion when defining the
characteristic curve or the actual curve will be very different from the theory curve of the
protection device, so the action characteristic of the protection device can’t be verified.
1. Select the protection mode/CT polarity and the testing time, shown as Fig. 4.13-3.
- 88 - Fig. 4.13-3 Test setting
Differential
Select the definition of CT polarity to be straight polarity of the inside fault when it is the
transformer protection; select straight polarity of outside fault when it is the generator
protection.
Select winding to be two.
2. Differential threshold current, quick-break current, break current, slope and error in the
inflexion with the reference of protection fixed value sheet, shown as Fig. 4.13-4.
Fig. 4.13-4 Characteristic definition
The procedure will auto-scan the characteristic curve figure after setting the differential
threshold current, quick-break current, break current in the corner, slope and error, shown
as Fig. 4.13-5.
Fig. 4.13-5 Characteristic curve figure
3. Select the wire-connection mode of the transformer HV side and LV side, and then fill in
the equilibrium coefficient according to the protection fixed value sheet.
Fig. 4.13-6 HV and LV side equilibrium coefficient setting
4. Select the restraint equation, shown as Fig. 4.13-7.
Fig. 4.13-7 Calculate mode choosing
Ratio restraint equation can be supplied by the instruction book, and the coefficient K can - 89 -
Differential
be free set.
5. Set the start value, end value of the action current, then select the searching mode, and
then set the start value, end value, step length of the break current, shown as Fig. 4.13-8.
Fig. 4.13-8 Action current and break current setting
The end value of the action current should be set bigger than the value of differential
quick-restraint to ensure the search area can cover the boundary of the total characteristic
curve. Select the break current to be changing with the setting current when needing to test
at the fixed value.
Select the boundary test break current to be changing with the setting current when it is
heavy current in some protection device.
6. Set the binary input and binary output, shown as Fig. 4.13-9.
Fig. 4.13-9 Binary input and binary output setting
7. Save the test parameter.
4.13.4.3 Start testing Click Run(F1) icon to start testing, the tester will auto-test according to the test items, and auto-search the action boundary one by one. The action boundary is marked with ‘+’ in the
searching view of ratio restraint boundary, and will monitor the value of each phase current
output during the testing, shown as Fig. 4.13-10.
- 90 -
Differential
Fig. 4.13-10 Test output monitoring
4.13.4.4 Save the report Shown as 4.13-11.
- 91 -
Differential
Fig. 4.13-11 Test Report
4.13.5 Example 2 Test task: scan double harmonic restraint characteristic curve
Protection device mode: Nari ISA-387F digital transformer differential protection device Fixed value of protection device
Wire-connection of transformer: Y/Y/D-11
CT ratio adjustment factor of primary side, secondary side, tertiary side: 1:0.5:1
(Primary side is HV side, secondary side is LV side, tertiary side is MV side.
Fixed value of differential current quick-break protection: 5.0A
Fixed value of compound rate differential threshold: 1.5A
Fixed value of compound harmonic restraint rate: 0.15
Protection cast back
CT Locking differential for the ratio of cast back: Disable
Compound rate differential protection cast back: Enable Differential current quick-break protection cast back:Disable
Note: this is the three windings transformer, so it can independently do the HV side to LV
side test, HV side to MV side test, and MV side to LV side test. This takes the HV side to LV
- 92 -
Differential
side for example.
4.13.5.1 Wire-connection (take Phase A differential for example) IA→HV side IHa of protection device, tester In→HV side IHa´ of protection device, point 1
of tester→exit point of protection device.
Fig. 4.13-12 Wire-connection
4.13.5.2 Set parameter 1. Select the protection type, restraint mode and test time etc.
- 93 -
Differential
Fig. 4.13-13 Test parameter setting
Select harmonic restraint to be HV side restraint. 2. Refer to the differential threshold current, quick-break current, fixed point (Ix) percent
(harmonic restraint coefficient) and error of the fixed value sheet of protection device, shown as Fig. 4.13-14.
Fig. 4.13-14 Characteristic definition
The procedure will auto-scan the characteristic curve after setting the coefficient of differential threshold current, quick-break current, harmonic restraint, and error.
Fig. 4.13-15 Characteristic curve figure
3. Select the wire-connection of transformer HV and LV, and fill in the equilibrium coefficient
according to the fixed value sheet of protection device.
Fig. 4.13-16 equilibrium coefficient of HV and LV side setting
4. Select restraint equation, shown as Fig. 4.13-17.
Fig. 4.13-17 Calculate modes setting
The restraint curve equation can be supplied by the instruction book, and the coefficient K
can be free set.
- 94 -
Differential
5. Select the harmonic needed to be superimposed time, and set the start value, end value,
and step length of differential current, and then select the searching mode, shown as Fig.
4.13-18.
Fig. 4.13-18 Differential current setting
6. Set the binary input and binary output, shown as Fig. 4.13-19.
Fig. 4.13-19 Binary input and binary output setting
7. Save the testing parameter. 4.13.5.3 Start testing Click Run(F1) Icon to start testing, the tester will auto-search the harmonic action
boundary point one by one according to the parameter. The action boundary is marked with ‘+’ in the searching view of ratio restraint boundary, and will monitor the value of each
phase current output during the testing, shown as Fig. 4.13-20.
Fig. 4.13-20 Output monitoring during testing
Save the report Shown as Fig. 4.13-21
- 95 -
Differential
Fig. 4.13-21 Test report and figure
- 96 -
Advanced Differential
4.14 Advanced Differential Protection
The test module is used to auto-test the ratio restraint and harmonic restraint characteristic
of differential protection of microcomputer transformer, generator and electromotor, and
scans the restraint characteristic curve.
Fig. 4.14-1 Home interface of 3-phase differential
Note:
1. This module is suitable for doing the 3-phase differential and split phase protection test.
2. Should select fault type to be 3-phase fault when doing 3-phase differential test.
3. K1066,K1066+,K1063,K1063i,K1066i and K1063+ support this function.
4.14.1 Parameter Description 1. CT polarity definition: select the inside fault to be straight polarity (transformer differential)
and the outside fault to be straight polarity (generator differential). The
mode of wire-connection is depending on the actual field
wire-connection of CT.
2. Output holding time: the fault holding time after the action of protection device; the
simulator circuit breaker exit time.
3. Output interval time: it is more than revert time of the protection device to make sure it
reliably return.
4. Changing time: simulate the longest time of fault, and it should be more than the action
time of protection device to make sure the protection device reliably act.
5. Calculation of ratio restraint coefficient K: K= Id/ Ir.
6. Calculation of restraint coefficient Kxb of harmonic restraint: Kxbz=Ixb/Id, Ixb is harmonic
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Advanced Differential
- 98 -
current, Id is fundamental wave current. 7. Setting mode of equilibrium coefficient: there are three modes: direct setting, calculate by the rating current, and calculate by the rating current and voltage and TA ratio.
8. Corner mode: Select HV side when it is ISA387F and select LV side when it is RCS978
according to the different corner calculation of protection device.
9. TA secondary current phase is adjusted by the software: Split phase differential testing: select this method when there is angle difference of TA
secondary current between both sides of transformer, and is calibrated
by the protection device calculation. Then the tester will output
compensation current according to different wire-connection mode.
3-phase differential testing: select this method when there is angle difference of TA
secondary current between both sides of transformer, and is calibrated
by the protection device calculation. The phase difference of the HV side
and LV side current (IA and Ia) is 210° when the wire-connection mode
is Y/D-11; the phase difference of the HV side and LV side current (IA
and Ia) is 150° when the wire-connection mode is Y/D-1. Note: the phase difference of HV side and LV side current is 180° when the
wire-connection mode of transformer is Y/Y.
10. Restraint equation selection: select restraint equation according to different restraint
mode and the coefficient K can be free set.
11. Searching mode selection: it supplies two modes, one is unidirectional approach, and
the other is bidirectional approach. In order to save testing time, you’d
better select the bidirectional approach. 12. Scan precision setting: minimum error is allowed during the scanning of action current
when select the unidirectional approach. 4.14.2 Example Test task: scan compound rate characteristic curve Protection device: AREVA P632 digital transformer differential protection device.
With protection (only with DIFF, but without other protections)
Open AREVA P632 control centre on PC and connect protection with RS232. A) Steps:
1.Setting → Parameters → Config. Parameters → DIFF → choose“With”
2. Setting →Parameters →Function.parameters → General funtions → DIFF → General
enable user → choose“Yes”.
3. Setting → Parameters → Function.parameters →Parameters subset1 → DIFF Enable
→ choose“Yes”.
Advanced Differential
- 99 -
B) Choose the fix parameter of AREVA P632
Steps: Setting → Parameters →Function.parameters →Global→PSS →
Para.subs.sel.user → Choose“Parameters subset1”
C) Logical function with/without
(I) Config trip signal LED
Steps: Setting →Parameters → Config. Parameters → LED → Fct. assig H5~H16(Choose
anyone signal LED of H5~H16) → DIFF trip signal
(II). Config trip contact
Steps:
Setting → Parameters →Config. Parameters → OUTP→ Fct. assignm.K901→ choose
“DIFF trip signal”
D) The fix value of protection device Setting → Parameters → Function .parameters → Global→ Main:
Inom C.T.prim.,end.a :600A
Inom C.T.prim.,end.b :1500A
Inom device.,end.a :1.0A
Inom device.,end.b :1.0A
Setting → Parameters → Function .parameters → General funtions → DIFF:
Reference power sref:50.0 MVA
Setting → Parameters → Function .parameters → Parameters subset1 → Main:
Vnom prim.,end. a :35.0 KV
Vnom prim.,end. b :10.5 KV
Setting → Parameters → Function .parameters → Parameters subset1 → DIFF:
Vec.gr.ends a-b PS1:11
Idiff> :2.5 Iref
Idiff>> :8.6 Iref
Idiff>>> :9.6 Iref
m1 :0.3
m2 :0.7
IR,m1 :0.5 Idiff>
IR,m2 :4.0 Iref
Op.mode.rush rst.:Not phase-selective
Rush I (2 f0 ) / I (f0 ):20%
0-seq. filt .a en. :No
0-seq. filt .b en. :No
Advanced Differential
- 100 -
Overflux. bl. en. :No
Note: this is the three windings transformer, so it can independently do the HV side to LV
side test, HV side to MV side test, and MV side to LV side test. This takes the HV side to LV
side for example.
Because high voltage side or low voltage side is Y/D-11, CT primary side Y side; There are
30º angle difference between HV side and LV side CT secondary current; We do not put
offset current into consideration because K1063+/K1063/K1063i/K1066/K1066I can
provide six channel current in doing 3-phase differential test.
4.14.2.1 Wire-connection (take 3-phase differential for example)
Connect IA, IB, and IC with the HV side IHa, IHb, IHc of the protection device
independently.
Connect IA, IB, and IC with the LV side ILa, ILb, ILc of the protection device
independently.
Connect point 1 of the equipment with the exit point of the protection device, the
wire-connection mode is shown as Fig. 4.14-2.
Advanced Differential
Fig. 4.14-2 Wire-connection
4.14.2.2 Set parameter 1. Select protection type, restraint mode, fault type and testing time etc, shown as Fig.
4.14-3.
Fig. 4.14-3 Basic setting
Note: Select the fault type to be single phase fault when testing split phase differential, and
select three faults when testing 3-phase differential. - 101 -
Advanced Differential
2. Refer to the differential threshold current, quick-break current, break current in the corner,
slope and error in the protection fixed value sheet, shown as Fig. 4.14-4.
Fig. 4.14-4 Characteristic definition
The procedure will auto-scan the characteristic curve figure after setting the differential
threshold current, quick-break current, break current in the corner, slope and error, shown
as Fig. 4.14-5.
Fig. 4.14-5 Characteristic curve figure
3. Select the restraint equation, shown as Fig. 4.14-6.
Fig. 4.14-6 Calculate modes setting
The restraint equation can be supplied by the instruction book, and the coefficient K can be
free set.
4. Set the start value, end value of action current, and select the searching mode, and then
set the start value, end value and step length of break current, shown as Fig. 4.14-7.
Fig. 4.14-7 Action current and break current setting
The end value of the action current should be set bigger than the value of differential
quick-break to ensure the search area can cover the boundary of the total characteristic - 102 -
Advanced Differential
curve. Select the break current to be changing with the setting current when needing to test
at the fixed value.
Select the boundary test break current in the mode of to be changing with the setting
current when it is heavy current in some protection device.
5. Define the CT polarity, and select setting mode of balance coefficient, corner mode and
equilibrium coefficient, shown as Fig. 4.14-8.
Fig. 4.14-8 equilibrium coefficient setting
It can be set directly because the equilibrium coefficient had already given by the protection
device.
6. Set the binary input and binary output, shown as 4.14-9.
Fig. 4.14-9 Binary input and binary output setting
7. Save the parameter.
4.14.2.3 Start testing Click Run(F1) Icon to start testing, the tester will auto-test according to the test items, and auto-search the action boundary one by one. The action boundary is marked with ‘+’ in the
searching view of ratio restraint boundary, and will monitor the value of each phase current
output during the testing, shown as Fig. 4.14-10.
- 103 -
Advanced Differential Fig. 4.14-10 Current output monitoring
shown as 4.14-11.
Fig. 4.14-11 Test report
- 104 -
Harmonic
4.15 Harmonic Testing
It can realize period component output of multi-time harmonic superposition, both the
current and the voltage can output the fundamental wave and harmonic (2…20 orders).
Each phase can superimpose 2…20 order on the fundamental wave. It also can test the
ground protection of generator stator winding and the harmonic restraint differential relay,
shown as Fig. 4.15-1.
Fig. 4.15-1 The interface of Harmonic test
4.15.1 Parameter Description 1. Harmonic expression mode: There are two expression modes, one is amplitude
expression, and the other is fundamental wave percent expression. The
fundamental wave of each channel should be amplitude expression all
the time.
2. Testing mode: It can test by manual or by automation.
4.15.2 Example Test task: Test the harmonic restraint characteristic at the fixed point (phase A of HV side
harmonic restraint)
Protection device: Nari ISA-387F digital transformer differential protection device.
Fixed value of protection Fixed value of harmonic restraint rate: 0.2 Fixed value of rate differential threshold : 1.5A
- 105 -
Harmonic
Fixed value of differential current quick-break protection: 5A
Protection cast back: Differential current quick-break protection cast back: Enable
Compound rate differential protection cast: Enable
CT Locking differential for the ratio of cast back: Disable
4.15.2.1 Test connection Tester IA→HV side IHA of protection device, tester In→HV side IHA’ of protection device,
shown as 4.15-2.
4.15.2.2 Testing setting 1. Setting the amplitude value of fundamental wave of current IA and leave the other phase current & & voltage value as zero as shown in the Fig. 4.15-3.
Fig. 4.15-3 Harmonic setting
2. Select testing mode & harmonic order etc.,As shown in the Fig. 4.15-4.
- 106 -
Harmonic
Fig. 4.15-4 Testing parameter setting
4.15.2.3 Start test and save report
Fig. 4.15-5 Test report
- 107 -
Synchronizer
4.16 Synchronizer Testing
The module can test both the voltage action values,frequency the action values,leading
angle and leading time, Voltage-modulated pulse width, frequency-modulated pulse width
of the synchronizing device, , can automatically adjust the test with synchronizing device.
Fig. 4.16-1 Synchronizer testing menu
4.16.1 Parameter description 1. Voltage action value: it is used to test the voltage action value of synchronizing device.
With frequency invariable, it increase or decrease the relevant quantity in accordance with
the given step. It will continue till synchronizing device acts, and then record the voltage
amplitude value to be paralleled and side.
Note: The frequency difference between system side and to-be-parallel side should be set
in the allowable frequency scope
2. Frequency action value: it is used to test the action value of frequency of synchronizing
device. With voltage amplitude invariable, it increase or decrease the relevant quantity in
accordance with the given step and then record the to-be-parallel side frequency.
Note: The voltage difference between system side and to-be-parallel side should be set in
the allowable frequency scope
3. Leading angle and leading time: automatically adjust the to-be-parallel side frequency,
- 108 -
Synchronizer
- 109 -
and record the leading angle and leading time when frequency difference meeting the
synchronism conditions.
4. Electrical-zero test:Test action angle and action time of electrical zero-setting relays.
5. Voltage-modulated pulse-width: testing the Voltage-modulated pulse-width testing
6. Frequency-modulated pulse-width: testing the frequency-modulated pulse-width
7. Auto adjustment test: If frequency difference and voltage difference does not meets the
synchronizer's requirements, the synchronism device will send the signal of the
voltage/frequency adjustment to increase or deduce the voltage/frequency according to the
setting ∆V/∆t &∆f/∆t until synchronization satisfaction, then sending closing signal and
record the Leading angle and leading time right now.
8. ∆V/∆t: Voltage increasing or decreasing step with Synchronizer adjusting signal.
9. ∆f/∆t: Frequency increasing or decreasing step with Synchronizer adjusting signal.
10. Max. Synchronous time :In auto-adjusting testing,testing will stop at the end of this
time if getting no Synchronizer signal.
11. Synchronous window: According to the fixed value of the synchronism device, set V,
F, Fmin, Fmax and φ value. Note: these values will not affect the test and only be
referred to in the test. After setting, the corresponding effect diagram can be real-time
observed in the right diagram.
12. Inherent angle difference at both sides: This is the amount of various inherent angle
differences, such as connection angle difference, transformer's Y/ angle difference at both
sides. The software will automatically compensate the secondary angle when testing.
13. Closed time of breaker: It is the Close delay of the breaker and the delay switch-on of
the breaker after the synchronism device sends out the switch-on command.
4.16.2 Testing mode 1. Test method for Leading angle and leading time:
Synchronizer
- 110 -
Before testing, at first set the voltage at the side to be in parallel to equal the voltage at the
system side and set the frequency not to meet the synchronism conditions of the device.
After the test begins, as the frequency difference is bit, during the rotation process of angle,
the synchronism device will not send a closing command. Manually or automatically
increase and decrease the frequency of the voltage at the side to be in parallel; when the
frequency at the side to be in parallel is the temporary operation value, and when the angle
enters the scope of operation, the synchronism device will send a closing command for the
first time. Test instrument will calculate and record the leading angle and leading item when
frequency difference meeting the synchronism conditions.
The relationship between the leading angle and leading time:
ф= t/Tw•360º Tw=1/f1 -f2
Where: ф is the leading angle t is the leading time
f1 is the frequency of the voltage at the side to be in parallel
f2 is the frequency of the voltage at the system side.
When automatically testing, the software always checks whether there is the closing pulse
to come for the synchronism device in each cycle. If test instrument does not receive the
closing pulse in a cycle, the frequency difference will be automatically reduced (if the
frequency at the side to be in parallel is greater than the frequency at the system side, the
frequency at the system side will be reduced), by the same way, it will not be adjusted for
each circle until the synchronism device has the closing operation. The software calculates
and records at this time the leading angle and leading time.
2. Test method for voltage-modulated pulse-width: Before testing, at first set the voltage at the side to be in parallel and not to meet the
synchronism conditions (provided it is lower or higher than the voltage at the side to be in
parallel), and the frequency meets but does not equals the conditions, so that the angle
difference at both sides can be cyclically undrawn and closed. And the voltage increasing
(decreasing) signal of the synchronism device is input Binary-Input a and b of Test
instrument. When testing, as the voltage does not meet the synchronism conditions, the
device will not sent the closing signal, but will send a cyclical "voltage increasing or
(decreasing)" signal then test instrument can measure the voltage-modulated pulse-width
and voltage-modulated cycle under the voltage difference. The voltage-modulated
pulse-width has a linear relationship with the voltage difference.
3. Test method for frequency-modulated pulse-width:
Synchronizer
- 111 -
Before testing, at first set the voltage at the side to be in parallel and the frequency not to
meet the synchronism conditions (provided it is lower or higher than the frequency at the
side to be in parallel). And the frequency increasing (decreasing) signal of the synchronism
device is input Binary-Input c and h of Test instrument. When testing, as the frequency does
not meet the synchronism conditions, the device will not sent the closing signal, but will
send a cyclical "voltage increasing or (decreasing) " signal When the test instrument can
measure the frequency-modulated pulse-width and frequency -modulated cycle under the
frequency difference. The frequency-modulated pulse-width has a linear relationship with
the frequency difference.
4. Auto adjustment test: Before the test, the set amplitude value and frequency at the side to be in parallel are far
away from the difference value at the system side and do not meet the synchronism
conditions, when testing, the synchronism device will send ‘voltage increasing’, ‘voltage
decreasing’ or ‘frequency increasing’ and ‘frequency decreasing’ signal to the test
instrument. Test instrument will not adjust the frequency and voltage according to the
received signal and automatically by the change rate to "satisfy the synchronism
conditions" until voltage difference, frequency difference and angle difference meet the
synchronism conditions and the synchronism device sends the closing command. Test
instrument will record the closing voltage difference, frequency difference and angle
difference.
During the test, when the frequency difference or voltage difference meets the synchronism
requirements, the qualified light of the voltage difference or the qualified light of the
frequency difference in the synchronism device is on, when the angle difference also meets
the requirements, the synchronism device will send the closing signal, as are the three
operation conditions necessary of the synchronism: and the frequency at the side to be in
parallel is basically the same as the frequency at the system side, the voltages are the
same basically and phase difference is less than a fixed value.
4.16.3 Testing Example Testing Task: Auto-adjusting testing
Protection Device: Shenzhen smart dynamotor line's compound Microcomputer synchronism device (Models: SID-2AS)
Bill of Fixed value:
Object type: differential frequency
Synchronizer
- 112 -
Closed time: 80ms
Allowed frequency differential: ±0.15Hz
Allowed voltage differential: ±5%
Control coefficient of average frequency: 0.3
Control coefficient of average voltage: 0.3
Allowed power angle: 30°
TV secondary rated voltage value at the side to be parallel: 100V
TV secondary rated voltage value at the system side: 100V
Over voltage protection value: 115%
Automatic frequency-modulated: Enable
Automatic voltage-modulated: Enable
Co-frequency frequency-modulated pulse-width: 50
Parallel point number: 0001
Corner of system side: 0°
Single-side no-voltage closing: Disable
No-voltage empty closing: Disable
Low-voltage lockout: 80%
Control mode: On site
Co-frequency threshold value: Low
Signal source at the side to be in parallel: Exterior
Signal source at the system side: Exterior 4.16.3.1 Testing connection
Testing Connection A. Connect the voltage UA at the system side and voltage UB at the side to be parallel of
the test device with the corresponding voltage input terminal at the system side and at the
side to be parallel of the synchronism device by test wire.
B. Connect the trip export contact of the synchronism device with Binary-Input contact of
the test instrument.
C. Connect Binary-Input contacts a, b, c and r of the test instrument with the contacts of
voltage increasing, voltage decreasing, frequency increasing and frequency decreasing
pulse signal as shown in Fig. 4.16-2.
Synchronizer
5
6
7
8
Binary input
KINGSINERelay tester
IAIBICIaIbIcINUA
UB
UC
UN
SID-2ASSy nchronizer
JK1-9
JK1-11
JK1-12
+-
220VJK5-3JK5-1
Power input
1
2
3
4
JK4-18JK4-20
Breaker
JK4-13JK4-15 V increseJK4-10JK4-12 V decreseJK4-17JK4-19 f increseJK4-14JK4-16 f decrese
close
Sy stem side
Dev iv e side
JK1-14 Neutral
Fig. 4.16-2 Testing connection.
4.16.3.2 Setting parameter 1. Parameter setting 1 as shown in Fig. 4.16-3.
Fig. 4.16-3 Basic parameter of testing
2. Parameter setting 2 as shown in Fig. 4.16-4.
Fig. 4.16-4 Time setting of testing
3. Set the parameters of the synchronous windows as shown in Fig. 4.16-5.
Fig. 4.16-5 Step setting
After setting,the program will automatically preview the window in the relative coordinate
mode as shown in Fig. 4.16-6.
- 113 -
Synchronizer
Fig. 4.16-6 Synchronous windows of testing
4.16.3.3 Run testing
Note: resetting button before starting the synchronism device otherwise the low-voltage
lockout signal is sent. When testing, operate Test instrument and enter the testing state and
then press the reset button of the synchronism device.
Click Run(F1) key for testing, and observe the synchronization pointer. as shown in Fig.
4.16-7.
Fig. 4.16-7 synchronization pointer
4.16.3.4 Save report.
- 114 -
Synchronizer
Fig. 4.16-8 Testing report Remark: in Synchronizer testing, please press starting button of the Synchronizer. Before the testing, first Link 2 lines out from the start signal contact of the Synchronizer. After run testing, short-connect 2-line for starting Synchronizer. Besides, some Synchronizers can set Synchronizer time for max Synchronization time. After that time, device will lock the Synchronizer switch and send the alarm signal. So please re-press Synchronizer start button or short-connect the 2-line for continuous testing.
- 115 -
Frequency Protection Testing
4.17 Frequency Protection Testing
The Testing Module of Frequency protection can test the action value, action time, df/dt action value, dv/dt action value,closed value of low-voltage and the lockout value of low-current of various frequency relays and Low Frequency Decrease Load automatic device, as shown in Fig. 4.17-1.
Fig. 4.17-1 Frequency protection menu
4.17.1 Parameter description 1. Time-counting frequency:According to the direction of frequency change, when
frequency changes to the timing frequency value, the timer start to work, and the timer will not stop until the relay moves and feedbacks to Tester.(it is available when testing
operation time.)
2. Interval time:Protect the return time, to ensure the protection returns reliably before each
step changes. 3. Hold time:Set the hold output time for each state, generally, hold time set should be
more than operation time of the device. 4. Pre-time:It is the time before frequency changes, and it is the initial frequency output
time when voltage and current are output according to the setting.
4.17.2 Testing mode 1. Testing action frequency
① Set the range of frequency change and the relevant slip difference: generally, the starting value is the rated/nominal frequency of the device(50Hz), and the final value is the
frequency with which the protection can move reliably. The change step size is the value
that meets the testing precision, generally it is 0.1Hz and slip df/dt is less than ‘df/dt lockout’
of the protection. - 116 -
Frequency Protection Testing
- 117 -
② Set voltage and current values under which the device can work normally.
③Description of Test Flow
In ‘Testing setting’, set ‘time before change’ 2.000S; ‘disconnected time’ 0.5S; ‘Hold
Time’0.3S; ‘automatic slip’ 1Hz/S; ‘change step size’ 0.1Hz. Test instrument firstly outputs 50Hz frequency for 2.000S(Change Time), making the device work normally. After the time
before change, the output frequency of the test instrument changes from 50Hz at 1Hz/S to
49.9Hz and holding 0.3S, if the protection moves, the test instrument will stop testing; if the
protection does not move, test instrument will stop to output and will output 50Hz again
after 0.5S, holding 2S, and then it will slip to 49.8Hz at 1Hz/S, by this analogy, taking the
same way, it changes to 49.7Hz, 49.6Hz… until the action frequency of the protection will
be measured.
2. Testing action time
① Set voltage and current value under the working conditions of the device.
② Input timing triggering frequency.
③ Input the starting value of change and the final value (should be consistent to the triggering frequency) and df/dt(less than df/dt lockout value)in the column of the frequency
change scope and the change rate.
④ Description of Test Flow
In ‘Testing setting’, set ‘time before change’ 2.000S; ‘disconnected time’ 0.5S; ‘Hold
Time’0.3S; ‘automatic slip’ 0.5Hz/S; ‘change step size’ 1Hz; ‘timing frequency’ 49Hz;
‘starting frequency value’ 50Hz; ‘Final frequency value’ 46Hz. Test instrument firstly outputs 50Hz frequency for 2.000S(time before change), making the device work normally. And
then it will change from 50Hz to the final value at 0.500Hz/S, until the timer starts at
49.000Hz, and it will not continue to change the frequency until the device moves and the
test instrument stops timing and measures the action time.
3. Testing df/dt slip lockout value
① Set voltage and current values under which the device can work normally.
② Set the scope of frequency change: generally, the starting value is the rated frequency of the device(50Hz), and fixed action time and setting timing frequency are input according
to the fixed value of the protection.
③ Input the change scope of df/dt, starting value of change, the final value and the change
step size of frequency slip.
④ Description of Test Flow:
Frequency Protection Testing
- 118 -
In ‘Testing setting’, set ‘time before change’ 2.000S; ‘disconnected time’ 0.5S; ‘the starting
slip value’ 1Hz/S; ‘ the final slip value’ 5Hz/S; ‘slip step size’ 1Hz/S; ‘ the starting frequency
value’ 50Hz and ‘the final frequency value’ 46Hz. Test instrument firstly outputs 50Hz frequency for 2.000S(time before change), making the device work normally. And then it
will drop at 1.000Hz/S from 50.000Hz, when the protection moves. The test instrument
does not output through the disconnected time for 0.5S. After the disconnected time, the
test instrument outputs 50Hz frequency for 2.000S and drops at 2Hz/S from 50.000Hz,
when the protection moves, by the same way, not to change frequency slip until the slip
value with which the device does not move comes, as is df/dt lockout value.
4. Testing Low-voltage lockout value
① Set voltage and current value to make the protection work reliably.
② Set the change scope of frequency, the starting value is generally the rated frequency(50Hz)of the device and setting action time, fixed timing frequency are input according to
the fixed value of the protection, and df/dt should be allowed not to close the protection.
③ Input the starting value, final value and the change step size of the change scope of
voltage.
④ Descriptions of testing flow:
In ‘Test setting’, set ‘time before change’ 2.000S, ‘disconnected time’0.5S; ‘Starting voltage
value’50V; ‘Final voltage value’40V; ‘ voltage step size’1V; ‘ Starting frequency value’50Hz;
‘Final frequency value’46Hz; ‘ frequency slip’0.5Hz/S. Test instrument at first outputs 50Hz and 57.740V voltage 2.000S(time before change), making the device work normally. And
then the voltage becomes 50V, meanwhile, the frequency decreases from 50.000Hz by
0.500Hz/S slip, and the protection moves. Test instrument outputs disconnected 0.5S. After
the disconnected time, Test instrument outputs 50Hz and 57.740V voltage, holding 2.000S,
and then the voltage becomes 49V, meanwhile, it decreases from 50.000Hz by the change
rate of 0.500Hz/S, and the protection moves; by the same way, the voltage becomes 48V,
47V, 46V......until the protect ion does not move, as is the low-voltage lockout value.
5. Testing low-current lockout value
① Set voltage and current value to make the protection work reliably.
② Set the change scope of frequency, the starting value is generally the rated frequency(50Hz)of the device and fixed action time, fixed timing frequency are input according to
the fixed value of the protection, and df/dt should be allowed not to close the protection.
③ Input the starting value, final value and the change step size of the change scope of
Frequency Protection Testing
- 119 -
voltage.
④ Descriptions of testing flow:
In ‘Test setting’, set ‘time before change’ 2.000S, ‘disconnected time’0.5S; ‘frequency
slip’0.5Hz/S, ‘Starting current value’ 5A, ‘Final current value’1A; ‘Current step size’0.1A. Test instrument at first outputs 50Hz 5A current, holding 2.000S(time before change),
making the device work normally. And then the current becomes 4.000A, meanwhile, the
frequency decreases from 50.000Hz by 0.500Hz/S slip and the protection moves. Test
instrument outputs the disconnected 0.5S, after the disconnected time, test instrument
outputs frequency 50Hz, current 5A, holding 2.000S, and then the current becomes
3.900A, meanwhile, it decreases from 50.000Hz by the change rate of 0.500Hz/Sand the
protection moves; by the same way, the current becomes 3.800A, 3.700A, 3.600A….. Until
the protection does not move, as is the low-voltage lockout value.
6. Testing dv/dt slip lockout value
① Set voltage and current values under which the device can work normally.
② Set the scope of frequency change: generally, the starting value is the rated frequency of the device(50Hz), and fixed action time and setting timing frequency are input according
to the fixed value of the protection. And slip dv/dt is less than ‘dv/dt lockout’ of the
protection.
③ Input the starting value, final value and the change step size of the change scope of
voltage. .
④ Input the change scope of dv/dt, starting value of change, the final value and the change
step size of frequency slip.
⑤ Description of Test Flow:
In ‘Testing setting’, set ‘’ 2.000S; ‘disconnected time’ 0.5S; dv/dt step 0.1v/s as 0.5Hz/S; the
starting voltage value 50V and ‘the final voltage value’ 40V. Test instrument at first outputs 50Hz, holding 2.000S(time before change), making the
device work normally. And then the voltage decreases from 50V to 40V by 10.000V/s slip,
meanwhile, the frequency decreases from 50.000Hz by 0.500Hz/S slip and the protection
don’t moves. Test instrument outputs the disconnected 0.5S (as the Binary setting 0.5000S).
After the disconnected time, test instrument outputs frequency 50Hz/voltage 50V and hold
2.000S (time before change) to ensure the protection return. Then the voltage decreases from 50V to 40V by & 9.900V/S(step as 0.100V/S)slip, meanwhile, frequency decreases
from 50.000Hz by the change rate of 0.500Hz/S & 9.900V/S(step as 0.100V/S)and the
protection don't moves; By the same way, the voltage step becomes 9.800V/S, 9.700V/S,
9.600V/S….. until the protection dv/dt lockout value testing.
Frequency Protection Testing
4.17.3 Testing Example Testing Task: action Frequency testing Protection Device of NARI ISA-351F type decentralized Microcomputer Protection Test and Control Device. Fixed value of relay: ∆ f/ t lockout low-cycle fixed frequency value: ∆ 49.00Hz ∆ f/ t lockout Low Frequency Decrease Load time limit: ∆ 2.00S; Low Frequency Decrease Load f/ t lockout fixed value: ∆ ∆ 2.00Hz Fixed current of Low-Frequency Deloading input: 1.00A ∆ f/ t lockout of Low-Frequency Deloading: ∆ Enable ∆ f/ t lockout of Low-Frequency Deloading: ∆ Disable ∆ f/ t lockout of Low-Frequency Deloading: ∆ Disable no-current lockout of Low Frequency Deloading: Enable Control circuit break-line alarm input: Disable Instantaneous current quick-break protection Disable Time limit current quick-break protection Disable Time limit overcurrent protection Disable Reverse time limit overcurrent protection Disable Not starts correspondingly reclosing Disable Protection startup reclosing Disable Big current lockout reclosing Disable Zero-sequence overcurrent protection Disable Overload alarm Disable 4.17.3.1 Testing Connection 1. Connect the output terminal of voltage and current of the test device with the corresponding input terminal of current or voltage of the protection device by test wire. 2 Connect the trip export contact of the protection device with Binary-Input contact of the test instrument, as shown in Fig. 4.17-2.
1
2
3
4
Binary input
KINGSINERelay tester
IAIB
IC
Ia
IbIc
IN
UA
UB
UC
UN
ISA-351 Relay
A:2A:4
A:6
A:3,5,7,8
B:2
B:3
B:4
B:5
L-16L-17
Trip
+
-220V
P:1
P:2Power input
L:1L:18
Trip(+)Reclose(+)COM(-)
Breakersimulator
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Frequency Protection Testing Fig. 4.17-2 Testing Connection Diagram
4.17.3.2 Setting parameter 1. Select test item of 3-phase voltage & current output as shown in Fig. 4.17-3.
Fig. 4.17-3 Test item setting
Note:3-phase voltage & current amplitude value should be set as bigger than the setting blocking value of undervoltage & undercurrent of relay to ensure the block is open. 2. Setting starting value of change, the final value and the change step size of frequency slip as shown in Fig. 4.17-4.
Fig. 4.17-4 Frequency variables setting
Note:Auto slip value should be set as smaller than the blocking value f/ t to ensure open block
∆ ∆
3. Setting frequency step, testing time and etc. as shown in Fig. 4.17-5.
Fig. 4.17-5 Testing time setting
Note:hold time > protection action time. 4. Save parameter. 4.17.3.3 Run testing Press Run(F1) to testing, and save report ,As shown in Fig. 4.17-6.
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Frequency Protection Testing
Fig. 4.17-6 testing report
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State Sequence
4.18 State Sequence
User-defined for several states which is helpful to test the action time, the return time and
reclose of protection relay, especially fit for the tests like several times of auto reclose
To test the action time of protection relay by the overturn of binary input contact state, and
the action time start counting the time with the reference of the initial point of each state
Users can define eight controlled continuous experiment states freely at most.
Users can individually setting amplitude value, phase and frequency for each state.
Fig. 4.18-1 State Sequence interface
4.18.1 Parameter description 1. Reference point for contacts overturns: there are two reference points (the first state &
the previous state).
Take the first state as the reference point and the previous state as the reference point. The
former uses the open-close mode of the contact, as is the same as the open-close mode of
the contact that the first state enters the next state,
2. State time: the test duration of the prevailing state, i.e., after enter
the prevailing state, The output of tester can automatically enter the next state after the
given hold/lasting.
3. Testing triggering mode: including time triggering, contact + time triggering, contact`
triggering, key-press triggering and GPS triggering five kinds.
Time triggering can enter the next state after the duration of the prevailing state.
Contact triggering: the tester will receive the action signal of protection relay, and binary
input’s logic relation is satisfied, and then enters the next state.
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State Sequence
Contact +time triggering, it is the relation called Logic Or between them. Either one of the
conditions is done; the test will enter into the next state.
Key-press triggering: is the control mode that user can select if entering the next state
GPS triggering: trigger at per solid minute by GPS clock synchronizing device to realize
the synchronization test among several testers. 4.18.2 Testing Example Testing Task: Testing of Action time, Reclose time, and permanent trip time.
Protection Device: ISA—311 model Microcomputer line whole-set protection device
Protection Fixed value:
Grounding distance section II impedance fixed value: 3.00 Ω
Grounding distance section II time limit: 0.50s
Zero-sequence Impedance compensation factor: 0.67
Line positive sequence impedance angle value: 75°
Reclose time limit: 1.50s
Protection Cast/Exit:
Zero Sequence overcurrent Disable
Grounding distance section I Disable
Grounding distance section II Enable
Grounding distance section III Disable
Starting reclosing of protection relay Enable
No-related Starting reclose Disable
Reclose test no-voltage: Disable
Reclose test synchronizer: Disable
Frequency variation quantity spacing protection Disable
This test has setting four states:
Pre-fault state: normal voltage 0V, normal current: 0.00A, output time: 20s (State 1)
Fault State: A phase grounding, protect second action, skip three-phase. (State 2)
Reclose state: after binary input has been trip, amplitude value, phase of every
current/voltage is set as zero, the voltage is nominal voltage. (State 3)
Permanent trip state: Phase A phase grounding, action of protection section II, trip
three-phase. (State 4)
4.18.2.1 Testing Connection 1. Connect the output terminal of voltage and current of the tester with the corresponding
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State Sequence
input terminal of current or voltage of the protection device by test wire.
2. Connect the trip export contact of the protection device with Binary-Input of the Tester
and connect the operation contact of reclosing with Binary-Input of the Tester.
Fig. 4.18-2 Testing Connection Graph
4.18.2.2 Parameter Setting 1. Select the number of test states & setting of reference point of contact-overturn
Fig. 4.18-3 The number of test states & setting of reference point of contact-overturn
2. State 1 Parameter Setting, as shown in Fig. 4.18-4
Fig. 4.18-4 State 1 Parameter setting
3. State 2 Parameter Setting, as shown in Fig. 4.18-5
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State Sequence
Fig. 4.18-5 State 2 Parameter setting
4. State 3 Parameter Setting, as shown in Fig. 4.18-6
Fig. 4.18-6 State 3 Parameter setting
5. State 4 Parameter Setting, as shown in Fig. 4.18-7
Fig. 4.18-7 State 4 Parameter setting
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State Sequence
6. Save Parameters.
4.18.2.3 Start test Click Run(F1) , and save the testing report after the test is finished. as shown in Fig. 4.18-8.
Fig. 4.18-8 Testing Report
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Advanced State Sequence
4.19 Advanced State Sequence(6-phase)
Use the Aux. DC power supply to automatically power up double-side 3-phase differential
protection of the protection relay or transformer, generator, electromotor, which entering the
normal state in differential fault state K1066
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K1066i K1066+
K1063
Output ability at each state: 6 channels voltage, 6 channels current, and UX
K1063i K1063+
Output ability at each state: 3 channels voltage, 6 channels current, and UX
To test the action time of relay through the state flip of binary contact, and the start and
end point of respective state is the staring point of action time
Users can define eight controlled continuous experiment states freely at most.
Users can set amplitude, phase and frequency separately in each state.
Fig. 4.19-1 6-phase state sequence
4.19.1 Parameter description 1. Contact overturns reference point: there are two reference points (the first state & the previous state). Take the first state as the reference point and the previous state as the reference point. The former uses the open-close mode of the contact, as is the same as the open-close mode of the contact that the first state enters the next state, 2. State time: Tester can enter the next state by the duration of the state.
Advanced State Sequence
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3. Testing triggering mode: including time triggering, contact + time triggering, contact`
triggering, key-press triggering and GPS triggering five kinds.
Time triggering: means enter the next state after the duration of the previous state.
Contact triggering: the tester will receive the action signal of protection relay, and when
the logic relation of binary input is satisfied, and then enter the next state.
Contact +time triggering, it is the relation called Logic Or between them. Either one of the
conditions is done; the test will enter the next state.
Key-press triggering: is the control mode that user can select if entering the next state
GPS triggering: Trigger at per solid minute by GPS clock synchronizing device to realize
the synchronization test among several testers.
4.19.2 Example Testing Task: ratio restraint characteristic Protection Device: Shenzhen NARI ISA-387F digital transformer differential protection device
Protection Fixed value:
Transformer Connection Mode: Y/Y/D-11
CT ratio regulating coefficient for I side, II side, III
side respectively
1:0.5:1(I side is HV side, II side
is LV side, III side is medium
voltage side)
Differential current quick-break protection 5A
Compound ratio differential current threshold 1.5A
Compound ratio differential ratio 0.5
Protection cast/exit:
Compound ratio differential protection: Enable
Differential current quick-break protection Enable
CT break-line closed ratio differential Disable
4.19.2.1 Testing Connection Tester IA, IB, IC→ respectively connects to HV side IHa, IHb, IHc of protection relay;
Tester Ia, Ib, Ic→ respectively connects to LV side Ia, Ib, Ic of protection relay;
Tester contact 1→ output contact CJ1-1, CJ1-2 of protection relay
Testing connection is as shown in Fig. 4.19-2:
Advanced State Sequence
Fig. 4.19-2 Graph of testing connection
4.19.2.2 Parameters setting 1. Set the parameters: state number, binary input. turn off point. Fig.4.19-3
Fig. 4.19-3 The number of test states, setting of contact overturn
2. State 1 parameter setting shows as the Fig. 4.19-4:
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Advanced State Sequence
Fig. 4.19-4 (State 1) Output setting of Front 3-phase and Back 3-phase
3. State 2 parameter setting, shows as 4.19-5:
Fig. 4.19-5 (State 2) Output setting of Front 3-phase and Back 3-phase
4. Save Parameters 4.19.2.3 Start test Click Run(F1) , and save the testing report after the test is finished.
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Advanced State Sequence
Fig. 4.19-6 Testing Report
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Fault Recurrence
4.20 Fault Recurrence
This testing module can be used to play COMTRADE standard format data file and realize
Fault Recurrence in The tester.
Fig. 4.20-1 Interface of Fault Recurrence
Testing Description
Use the tester to play the data file of COMTRADE (Common Format for Transient Data
Exchange) format to achieve fault recurrence. Have the following Property:
1. Playback characteristic: Support the data file of COMTRADE format
Adjust the setting of output amplitude value of voltage and current of every channel in
proportion with their percent
Improve the sampling rate of playback data by interpolation counting of the original
record data.
With key-press triggering and GPS triggering two triggering modes.
Repeatedly playback of one-section of data by setting the times of repeating, the starting
time and duration.
Arithmetic operation of add and subtraction can be done on the same type of channel
data to generate a new channel data by the same type of channel data.
Define its output ranges for the playing data.
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Fault Recurrence
- 134 -
2. The data files relate to COMTRADE format
COMTRADE format data file includes three types of files with three same names but their
suffix name is different: direct file (*HDR) to provide users with a description sample of
additional information in order to better understand the transient records. Direct/boot file is
not controlled by application program.
Configuration file (*CFG) provides the necessary information for computer program to read
data files. Configuration file is an ASC II format file, including the following information:
Channel type and channel number
Station name and ID number Circuit frequency(50Hz or 60Hz)
Channel name, unit and change factor
Sampling rate and the number of sampling dots at the corresponding sampling rate
Date and time for the first data
Date and time of triggering File type(ASC II or BINARY)
Data file(*DAT)contains the actual numerical value of transient data.
4.20.1 Parameter description Analog Output: Output channel can be selected, and output amplitude value can be
adjusted by the setting of the ratio of voltage to current in each channel
Channel options: The tester can output four-channel voltage and three-channel current.
Press the pull-key in the icon of channel option, all voltage channels are listed correspond
to the voltage values; and all current channels are listed that correspond to current values.
The each channel that corresponds to its output value will be selected or not according to
the needs of the customers.
Output setting: when testing, the waveform of voltage and current start output at the given
moment.
Max. value and min. value: display the maximum value and minimum value of the
waveform in the chosen channel; Suppose that the recorded waveform is primary value,
and it can set the conversion of the primary and secondary transformer ratio on the page of
the analog signal attributes, showing the maximum value and the minimum value of the
conversion.
Fault Recurrence
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Proportion: Output the waveform in the corresponding channel by the given proportion. If
the maximum value and the minimum value of the channel exceed the output range of the
tester, they can be further adjusted by the setting of proportion.
Triggering condition and repeat sections: there are two kinds of triggering modes. It can
be repeatedly played by the setting of someone section data.
Triggering condition No triggering: without external triggering condition, it will directly output according to the
setting of waveform.
Key-press triggering: set the wait hour, it will repeatedly output at the given interval when
it is the wait hour; It will continuously output the subsequent waveform till user press down
the key-press triggering.
GPS triggering: set the wait hour, it will repeatedly output at the given interval when it is
the wait hour; It will continuously output the subsequent waveform till the tester receives the
GPS signal.
Wait hour: When choosing key-press triggering, GPS triggering and Binary Input triggering,
if the triggering signal is not received, the waveform will be repeatedly output by the
corresponding given repeated interval at the hour, waiting for triggering signal.
Repeat section: The setting of repeat outputting can be chosen if someone section of
waveform is required to output repeatedly.
Repeat start hour: the waveforms are output repeatedly at the time Repeat number: it is the number of repeated waveforms.
Sampling rate: to display the sampling rate of the wave-recorded file, some recorded files
lists many sampling rates; these ones will list one by one, and list the number of sampling
points under each sampling rate.
Interpolation operation: Some waveform-record files have excessive few sampling points,
which may cause a bad continuity of the waveform when playing back. So, the output
waveform is guaranteed through interpolation, or a wave-recording file has a number of
sampling rates, which may be unified through interpolation. The front item interpolation of
Newton and offset differential fitting algorithm are used for the mode of interpolation, and
the interpolation may not be presented. First, the interpolation mode is to put the data into
DSP to calculate interpolation, and its advantages are: no memory space occupied and
waveform output for a long time; the drawback is the less interpolation points. Second, the
interpolation method is calculated to interpolate by the PC, and the advantages are more
Fault Recurrence
interpolation points and good waveform; the drawbacks are the memory space occupied
and short time for playing.
Note: When a wave-recording file has a number of sampling rates, they must be unified
into the same sampling rate to play, at this time only the second method can be used to
interpolate by the waveform with the most of sampling rates.
After interpolating, the sampling rate and the longest output time will be automatically
calculated by the sampling rate and interpolation points with the software.
Waveform processing View: the view of the graphical recorded data of COMTRADE
format, on this basis, the waveform data of each channel can be set and edited, while
providing convenient analysis tool on waveform to obtain the detailed information. 4.20.2 Operation of Fault Recurrence To do Transient playback to realize these functions: the analysis of fault waveform, cut new channel, add new channel etc., as shown in the Fig. 4.20-2.
Fig. 4.20-2 The operation after importing the fault files
Visual brief : The icon of the analysis of fault waveform
:The icon of time info of fault waveform, click to spring out the textbox as shown in the
Fig. 4.20-3
Fig. 4.20-3 Time info of fault waveform
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Automatically work out the fault waveform time between two time icons by changing Time A,
Time B.
Fault Recurrence
:Add the icon for new channel, click to spring out the textbox as shown below in the Fig.
4.20.4
Fig. 4.20-4 Adding new channels
Add the icon for new channel, must input the name of the channel, the type of channel, to
set the coefficient K1, K2, and with the combination of counting formula, to decide the
relationship among new channel, channel 1 and channel 2
:The icon to cut waveform
:The icon to fall back
4.20.3 Example (online test) Test task: play back the record wave file of COMTRADE format
Wave-recording file: 0756.CFG fault record wave file
Test Steps: 1.Connect Tester and PC
2. Import record wave file like Fig. 4.20-5
Fig. 4.20-5 import fault file and load data
3. Select fault channel: select the needful fault channel among the corresponding output
channels like Fig. 4.20-6 and 4.20-7.
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Fault Recurrence
Fig. 4.20-6 Select fault channel
Fig. 4.20-7 Select fault channel
4. Setting the output ratio of every channel like Fig. 4.20-8
Fig. 4.20-8 Channel output ratio setting
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Fault Recurrence
5. Setting output waveform
Play back the fault by Click Run(F1) .Considering the Default time is very short and the
protection device can not be reverted in time, so select “key-press trigger” in the box of
triggering condition and wait for the reversion of protection relay.
In order to r ecord the action time precisely during the test, click to open time
information in the icon of waveform analysis tool , then move time scale A to
make it correspond to fault starting time (display the time with corresponding time scale A
in time information), and setting the data playback hour according to the corresponding
time.
Fig. 4.20-9 Fault waveform analyses
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Fault Recurrence
- 140 -
6. Play back the waveform. Inspect the protection connection, observe protection actions
and analyze the waveform.
Power Swing
4.21 Power Swing
The function module takes a two-machine system as a model to simulate the swing of
two-unit power supply system, and it mainly is used to test the movement Property of
out-of-step protection and separation device and others and to test the effect of swing and
Power Swing, and to analyze the effect on spacing and zero-sequence and other
protection movements by system swing, as shown in Fig. 4.21-1:
Fig. 4.21-1 Power swing interface
4.21.1 Parameter Description Initial power angle: it is power angle difference between both side of power source and
electricity after the swing begins.
Max. power angle: the when the swing occurs, viz.
Swing Cycle: when the swing occurs, the swing angle will be increased from initial power
angle to max. power angle, then return to initial power angle. It is a swing cycle
like such a recurrence.
Swing Time: output times, Swing frequency: setting the swing frequency.
Time before Swing: normal output time before swing.
TA polarity: select pointing generatrix for generator; select pointing line for the line.
Fault during swing: the fault occurs during swing when selecting this term.
Impedance, center impedance angle, max. voltage and max. current in the center of swing
can be calculated automatically by software program.
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Power Swing
4.21.2 System swing characteristic analysis Swing simulation takes two-machine system as the model. When the power system swings,
generally all units can be divided into two units, to analyze the characteristic by
two-machine equivalence system, and its brief equivalence network see the Fig. 4.21-2, of
which ZM, ZN are respectively the equivalence impedance of generatrix M side, N side; ZL
is the MN line impedance; EM, EN, respectively are the equivalence electric potential at P,
Q side, with the angle δ; ZS is the equivalence impedance of the system, ZS=ZM+ZN+ZL.
See the figure below.
Fig. 4.21-3Two-machine system sketch map
In the process of simulating the swing of the system, the voltage amplitude value of
two-generator will be unchanged. Take voltage En angle of the system as a reference point
at the system side; fix it at 0°, and angle δ of voltage Em oscillates to change at the
generator side. The program automatically calculates three-phase voltage and current of
A0 point in the process of swing, and outputs the protection to be tested through Test
instrument. The Property of the protection will be observed and recorded.
The diagram above is two-machine system, the wiring impedance is ZL, power EM
impedance is ZM, and EN impedance is ZN. If the system is integrated with impedance
ZS=ZM+ZL+ZN, the relationship between the measuring impedance ZA and power angle
at the installation δA of the protection is shown in the diagram below. In the circumstance of
swing, when |EN|=|EM|, ZA trail is the perpendicular bisector of ZS, that is the curve 1;
when |EN|>|EM|, ZA trail is the impedance round whose center is in the first quadrant, that
is the curve 2; and when |EN|<|EM|, ZA trail is the impedance round whose center is in the
third quadrant, that is the curve 3.
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Power Swing
Fig. 4.21-3 Change trail of measuring impedance when the system oscillates
4.21.3 Example Test task: Swing block test of ISA-311 distance protection
Protection device: Shenzhen NARI ISA-311 line protection relay
Protection fixed value: impedance fixed value of grounding and interphase: 1Ω, distance
and zero sequence protection exit, and swing block cast.
Protection description: the device will be opened unconditionally within 160ms when the
fault occurs. If the distance components are activated within 160ms of delay
period, it shows there is fault definitely, and it allows the metering component to
act until the fault is removed. 4.21.3.1 Parameter setting 1. Setting swing power angle initial value, max. and swing times like Fig. 4.21-4.
Fig. 4.21-4 test parameter setting
2. Setting the fault for swing like Fig. 4.21-5.
Fig. 4.21-5 fault setting
The grounding fault of phase A will occur after 0.1s when the swing is setting.
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Power Swing
3. Setting impedance and potential, and draw the direction of every impedance
automatically by software program like Fig. 4.21-6 and 4.21-7.
Fig. 4.21-6 setting of system impedance and potential
Fig. 4.21-7 sketch map
4. Test flow
Please first set the fault will occurs the moment 0.1s after the swing is finished, then click Run(F1) , the grounding fault of phase A will occur the moment 0.1s after the swing, and the
protection relay will act but not block within 160ms. Set phase A grounding fault will occur
the moment 0.2s after the swing is finished, the protection relay will be blocked but not act, 5. Save the test report.
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Auxiliary DC
4.22 Auxiliary DC
K10 series Microcomputer-based Tester can supply power for Protection set as individual
Auxiliary DC, and setting the Auxiliary DC output in DC switch of Main menu. The range is
0V…300V.
Fig. 4.22-1 the setting of Auxiliary DC
1. AUTO DC: turn off the Auxiliary DC Sources. 2. DC: setting the real Auxiliary DC output. The range is 0….300V
- 145 -
5.1 System Configuration
- 146 -
Chapter 5 System Setting
5.1 System Configuration
Click ‘Config.’ module on the K1066i Main menu and enter the following interface, as shown
in Fig. 5. 1 – 1:
Fig. 5.1–1 System Configuration
The module is used to set IP address and system time.
System Upgrade and Upload Report
5.2 System Upgrade and Upload Report
Before System Upgrade(at the local) and report upload, at first set IP address of the tester
and ensure it under the same subnet, the detailed settings are as below:
1. IP ADDRESS SETTING for Tester Click ‘Config.’ module and enter the following interface, as shown in Fig. 5.2-1:
Fig. 5.2 – 1 System Config
Click ‘IP setting’ and enter the following interface, as shown in Fig. 5.2-2:
Fig. 5.2-2 IP setting
IP setting: the first 3 code segments are fixed as 192.168.1 and the fourth code segment is chosen from 2 to 245 randomly. Subnet Mask: it is fixed as 255.255.255.0 Gateway: 192.168.1.1 Main control(DNS):192.168.1.1 2. IP ADDRESS SETTING for PC operation Operate the program of PC and click ‘IP Config’ under ‘System Config’ column as shown in Fig. 5.2-3.
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System Upgrade and Upload Report
Fig. 5.2-3 IP setting on software
IP Setting on PC The first 3 code segments are fixed as 192.168.1 and the fourth code segment can be
chosen from 2 to 244 randomly. Special NOTE: the fourth code segment must be the same
as that of Tester!
5.2.1 System Upgrade There are three kinds of methods (On line Upgrade, Local Upgrade and USB Upgrade) to
upgrade the system, as shown in Fig. 5.2-4:
Fig. 5.2-4 System Upgrade
(1)Local Upgrade
Download the latest upgrade packet of K1066i to the local computer manually from
KINGSINE website and transmit the upgrade file to the relay tester by the computer, and do
make sure the relay tester has been online correctly before upgrading. As shown in Fig.
5.2-5:
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System Upgrade and Upload Report
Fig. 5.2-5 Local Upgrade
Special Note: Local Upgrade must be followed under the steps below:
(1)Click the relay tester 'System Update' on the main and enter ‘Local’ menu, the present software
version number is displayed on the interface of the system and click ‘Next’ to prepare connect upgrade.
(2)Operate the program of the PC and click ‘Update’ module, as shown in Fig. 5.2-6:
Fig. 5.2-6 Local Upgrade
Click ‘Version’ and display the version information of the relay tester. Click’ Local’ and choose the
upgrade packet saved in the computer as shown in Fig. 5.2-7:
Fig. 5.2-7 Local Upgrade
Click ‘Enter’ and enter the following interface as shown in Fig. 5.2-8:
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System Upgrade and Upload Report
Fig. 5.2-8 Local Upgrade
Click ‘Yes’ to upgrade. (3)U disk Upgrade
Download the latest upgrade packet of K1066i to U disk manually from KINGSINE website and transmit the upgrade file to Tester by USB interface of the relay tester(Note: the
upgrade packet can not be saved after being opened, or else the system can not search the upgrade packet.)
Click ‘Update’ module on the relay tester and enter ‘USB Update’ menu, as shown in Fig.
5.3-9:
5.2-9 U disk Upgrade
The software version number installed presently can be displayed on the interface and click
‘Next’ to search the upgrade packet of U disk, if there is a new version, the system will
remind users whether to upgrade. Click ‘Update’ to upgrade.
5.2.2 Upload Report There are two kinds of upload methods: Online Upload and U disk Upload in the system. 1. Online Upload Report The PC and the Relay Tester must be guaranteed to be online correctly before online
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System Upgrade and Upload Report
upload. Online upload must be followed under the steps below. (1) Click ‘Update’ and enter ‘Connect Upload’ menu, as shown in Fig. 5.2-10:
Fig. 5.2-10 Local Upload Report
(2) Choose the report to be uploaded in ‘System Report’ column and click ‘Next’ and list the
reports in ‘upload report’ column as shown in Fig. 5.2-11:
Fig. 5.2-11 Local upload
Operate the program of PC and click ‘Report’, the following interface appears as shown in
Fig. 5.2-12:
Fig. 5.2-12 Connect Upload
Choose the file path for saving and click ‘Enter’ to upload the repot.
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System Upgrade and Upload Report 2. Upload report by U disk
Upload the report to U disk with USB interface of the relay tester and copy the report to a
computer by U disk to print it.
Click ‘Update’ and enter ‘USB Upload’ menu as shown in Fig. 5.2-13:
Fig. 5.2-13 Upload report by U disk
Choose the report to be uploaded in ‘System report’ column and list the reports in ‘the
report to be uploaded’ column. Click ‘Next’ and upload the report by U disk, as shown in Fig.
5.2-14:
Fig. 5.2-14 Upload by U disk
After the testing report is uploaded, it can be printed by a computer connected a U disk. 3. Upload report by U disk
Download the transient recorders from U disk to relay tester, and realize the transient
playback. as shown in Fig. 5.2-15:
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System Upgrade and Upload Report
Fig. 5.2-15 downloads the transient recorders from U disk
- 153 -
Report Manage
5.3 Report Manage
Click ‘Report’ icon of the main interface to enter report management. The report
management can send created report to PC in fixed period and cancel report which saved
in instrument synchronously for avoiding useless report to occupy memory space. .
Fig 5.5-1 Report Management Interface
Report management adopt tree structure management, and it can tick any one or multi
report to cancel operation by ‘Delete’ button according each module to classify storage
report and tick to select any report to preview by clicking ‘View’ button synchronously.
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Chapter 6 Appendix
- 155 -
Chapter 6 Appendix
6.1 GPS Introduction
6.1.1 Orientation principle and application of GPS Basic orientation principle of GPS: the satellite uninterruptedly sends its own ephemeris
parameters and time information; after users receive this information, the three-dimensional
position, 3D direction and velocity and time information are obtained through calculation.
GPS can be used for orientation navigation, timing and frequency calibration,
high-precision measurement, intelligent transportation systems, vehicle monitoring &
dispatching system.
6.1.2 Composition of GPS system GPS consists of three independent components:
1) Space: more than 24 working satellites and three backup satellites.
2) Ground Support System: a master control station, three injection stations and five
monitoring stations.
3) User equipments: it can receive the transmit signal of GPS satellite to obtain the
necessary navigation and orientation information. After data processing, navigation and
orientation will be completed. The hardware of GPS receives in general consists of the
host, antenna and power supply. What we are now using are the equipments of
customers.
6.1.3 Example of GPS satellite synchronizing device – TIME NAV time service navigation receiver TIME NAV time service navigation receiver is the accessory matching with K10 series
Testers, and used for multiple test instruments to output the synchronous test in the long
distance.
Receiver is directly connected to the test instrument through RS-232 standard serial port.
1. Outer structure diagram of TIME NAV time service navigation receiver
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Fig. 6.1-1 Front Panel
Fig. 6.1-2 Back Panel
2. Data Interface
10 KHz square wave and 1PPS sec pulse is output from 4-pin signal port, the
definition is as follows:
Fig. 6.1-3 Signal output port
1-10 KHz square wave output port, 2-1PPS sec pulse output port, 3-hold, and 4-ground
3. Data Connection
It is used for the connection of data input and output. The male terminal is connected with
COM1 interface of the receiver and the female terminal is connected with the serial
interface of the computer, which is the standard RS-232 interface, DB9-pin connector, the
connection diagram is as follows:
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Fig.6.1-4 Data connection diagram (Connecting PC)
It is used for the connection of differential data input. The male terminal is connected with
COM2 interface of the receiver and the female terminal is connected with the differential
range receiver or TV set and other equipments, which is the standard RS-232 interface,
DB9-pin connector, the connection diagram is as follows
Fig.6.1-5 Data connection diagram (connecting differential signal)
4. Antenna
One single-frequency (L1=1575.42MHz) active antenna of GPS is used for the receiver.
5. Power supply
12V DC power supply is connected exteriorly.
6.2 Notices
When GPS receiver is running, it receives and decodes low-power radio signals transmitted
by the satellite. If other radio equipments or electronic devices is used near GPS receiver,
as may produce electromagnetic interference (EMI), impacting the receiver and decoder on
work. In such circumstance, the interference can be reduced or eliminated only through
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closing the source of interference or removing GPS receiver.
If no data are output from the receiver, firstly check whether the receiver and the antenna
port are linked closely; check whether the antenna is overhead in the open spaces
(TIMENAV), only if the receiver must receive three or more satellites, it can output data and
display orientation information); the antenna should be also enabled far away from the
glass wall and water surface and other substances with good reflectivity to ensure the
accuracy of data. Secondly, check whether the data line and the receiver ports, PC ports
are connected correctly and closely and whether the power supply is normal, and ensure
that the baud rates of LABMON50 and the receiver are consistent and that the data formats
of the receiver and LABMON50 software are consistent and ensure that. The
communication Parameter Setting of LABMON50 software is correct.
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