Kingdom’s Overview AP Biology. Endosymbiosis Endosymbiosis Cambrian Explosion Cambrian Explosion...
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Transcript of Kingdom’s Overview AP Biology. Endosymbiosis Endosymbiosis Cambrian Explosion Cambrian Explosion...
Kingdom’s OverviewKingdom’s Overview
AP BiologyAP Biology
EndosymbiosisEndosymbiosis Cambrian ExplosionCambrian Explosion PhylogenyPhylogeny CladisticsCladistics
3 Domains3 Domains
Archae (halophiles, thermophiles, Archae (halophiles, thermophiles, acidophiles, methanogens)acidophiles, methanogens)
BacteriaBacteria EukariaEukaria
6 Kingdoms6 Kingdoms
ArchaebacteriaArchaebacteria EubacteriaEubacteria ProtistaProtista FungusFungus PlantsPlants AnimalsAnimals
sun
Wall
Photosynthesis
complex
sun
Wall
Photosynthesis
complex
sun
Wall
Photosynthesis
complex
sun
Wall
Photosynthesis
complex
BacteriaBacteria
Bacteria Vs. Plant cell wallsBacteria Vs. Plant cell walls Gram (+) stain purple, peptidoglycan is on the outside and Gram (+) stain purple, peptidoglycan is on the outside and
can easily be stained.can easily be stained. Gram (-) have a more complex cell membrane outside of Gram (-) have a more complex cell membrane outside of
the peptidoglycan layer.the peptidoglycan layer. Bacteria locomotionBacteria locomotion Taxis Taxis Reproduction: Asexual Vs. SexualReproduction: Asexual Vs. Sexual 3 methods to genetically modify bacteria3 methods to genetically modify bacteria Ecological SignificanceEcological Significance
ProtistaProtista
EuglenaEuglena-- trypanosomes-trypanosomes- dinoflagellates-dinoflagellates- PlasmodiumPlasmodium-- ParameciumParamecium-- Amoeba-Amoeba- diatoms-diatoms- cellular slime moldscellular slime molds
PlantsPlants
Green AlgaeGreen Algae Adaptations needed for life on landAdaptations needed for life on land Alternations of Generations Alternations of Generations
Plant GroupsPlant Groups
BryophytesBryophytes LycophytesLycophytes PterophytesPterophytes GymnospermsGymnosperms Angiosperms (2 major groups)Angiosperms (2 major groups)
Economical importance of eachEconomical importance of each
PlantsPlants
Advantages of seedAdvantages of seed Xylem(Tracheids) and Phloem(Sieve Xylem(Tracheids) and Phloem(Sieve
Cells)Cells) Monocots Vs. DicotsMonocots Vs. Dicots 3 types of plant tissue3 types of plant tissue
Fungus DefinitionsFungus Definitions Asci: Sac-formed, reproductive structure producing haploid
spores. Ascospores: Spores formed by sac fungi (Ascomycota). Fungi: A eukaryotic, heterotrophic, saprotrophic organism
Mold: A fungus that grows as a downy coating on animal or plant matter.
Saprotrophic (Saprophytic): "Rotten food eater“ Decomposer: Organism that uses dead organic matter as source
of energy Spore: 1. Single celled reproductive structure, usually an asexual
haploid cell that divides by mitosis to produce new haploid individuals (could also be a sexual haploid cell that first must unite with another sexual spore to produce a new life stage); 2. A resistant, resting body adapted to survive adverse environmental conditions.
General CharacteristicsGeneral Characteristics Hyphae and MycelliumHyphae and Mycellium Plant Vs. Fungus Cell WallsPlant Vs. Fungus Cell Walls Importance to ecosystemImportance to ecosystem Importance to humansImportance to humans
5 Fungus Branches5 Fungus Branches
Phylum Zygomycota ("molds", bread-molds)
Phylum Ascomycota (sac fungi) yeast, penicillin
Phylum Basidiomycota (club fungi) mushroom, mycelium, mycorrhizae
Phylum Mycophycophyta (lichens) pioneer species
Phylum Deuteromycota (Imperfect fungi) predator fungus, athletes foot
AnimalsAnimals Symmetry Symmetry CephalizationCephalization Germ LayersGerm Layers Acoelomates Acoelomates Pseudocoelomates Pseudocoelomates CoelomatesCoelomates Protostomes Vs. Protostomes Vs. Deuterostomes Deuterostomes Cleavage Cleavage blastopore blastopore Stages of Stages of Embryonic DevelopmentEmbryonic Development
InvertebratesInvertebrates
SpongesSponges CnidariansCnidarians PlatyhelminthesPlatyhelminthes ParthenogenesisParthenogenesis CoelomatesCoelomates AcoelomatesAcoelomates PseudocoelomatesPseudocoelomates
Animal Classification Animal Classification (Invertebrates)(Invertebrates)
Porifera Porifera Cnidaria Cnidaria Placozoa Placozoa CtenophoraCtenophora PlatyhelminthesPlatyhelminthes RotiferaRotifera EctoproctaEctoprocta BrachiopodaBrachiopoda NemerteaNemertea AcanthocephalaAcanthocephala
MolluscaMollusca AnnelidaAnnelida LoriciferaLoricifera PriapulaPriapula NematodaNematoda ArthropodaArthropoda TardigradaTardigrada OnychophoraOnychophora HemichordataHemichordata EchinodermataEchinodermata ChordataChordata
VertebratesVertebrates
4 Characteristics of Chordates4 Characteristics of Chordates Tetrapod significanceTetrapod significance paedomorphosis paedomorphosis amniotic egg and the amniote amniotic egg and the amniote
Vertebrate ClassificationVertebrate Classification
Myxini PetromyzontidaMyxini Petromyzontida Chondrichthyes Chondrichthyes ActinopterygiiActinopterygii ActinistaActinista DipnoiDipnoi AmphibiaAmphibia ReptiliaReptilia Mammalia (3 Groups)Mammalia (3 Groups)