Kingdoms of Africa
description
Transcript of Kingdoms of Africa
Kingdoms of Africa
Left Side• On your map of Africa:• Draw in the Nile River
and Niger River• Color the Sahara
desert
Niger River
Nile River
The Big Questions
• What were the major civilizations of Africa during the post-classical era?• What political, economic, and social effects did
Islam have in African kingdoms?
Introduction• Anthropologists believe humanity first arose in East
Africa• In ancient times, the rise of Egyptian civilization
affected African cultures along the upper Nile• Kush – an early iron-producing center, grew rich
from selling iron products, ivory, ebony, wood, and slaves. (It had once been a part of Egypt called Nubia)• Axum – Located in Ethiopia. Its rise caused the
decline of Kush. King Ezana made Christianity the official religion (330 A.D.). Axum dominated trade in slaves and ivory.
Left Side
• Locate the kingdoms of Kush and Axum on your map. • Create a key in the lower
left section of your map Kush Axum
Gold-Salt Trade
• Sahara was never completely cut off from Eurasia• Muslim merchants crossed the Sahara because
of gold and other riches in West Africa• West Africa lacked salt – vital to human survival• Merchants picked up large blocks of salt on their
journey and exchanged them for gold• A thriving trade developed, based on gold-salt
trade• Ideas were exchanged, such as Islamic beliefs
Left Side• Draw in trade routes
Kingdom of Ghana – 750-1200
Kingdom of Ghana
Draw an outline of Ghana on your map and add it to your key.
Ghana 750-1200• Made iron swords, spears, and lances to subdue neighboring
peoples and to gain control over West Africa’s major trade routes• Caravans brought salt south to Ghana and returned north
with gold • Power of kings of Ghana rested on their ability to tax all
trade passing through the region, especially the gold-salt trade• Rulers and nobles were further enriched by using captives of
war as slaves• 1076 they were invaded by Muslims from North Africa• Muslims brought Islam to West Africa
Add to your notes:
• In 1240, the people of Mali, under their leader, Sundiata Keita, conquered the old capital of Ghana and established a new empire. • You will be taking notes about Mali.
Include info about its economy and its most famous ruler, Mansa Musa.
Kingdom of Mali – 1240-1400
• Draw an outline of the Kingdom of Mali on your map (different than Ghana) and add it to your key.
• label Timbuktu Timbuktu
Kingdom of Mali
Notes on Mali 1240-1400:• Rulers brought both gold and salt mines under their
direct control• Rulers converted to Islam, although most people did not• Mansa Musa – expanded kingdom greatly• Made a religious pilgrimage to Mecca• Brought Muslim scholars and architects back to Mali
with him• Muslim scholarship flourished• Timbuktu became an important center of several
important universities and attracted student from Europe, Asia, and Africa
Ibn Battuta –
• Arab traveler that wrote about Mansa Musa and his respect for law and the power of its ruler• Because of his extensive
travels and his records historians know a lot about this time period in Africa and the Middle East• He was like the Marco
Polo of the Muslims
Timbuktu
• Famous trading city• Became an important
center of several important universities• Attracted students from
Europe, Asia, and Africa• Flourished as a center of
Muslim scholarship• Also famous for the Sankore
mosque
Another trading kingdom:
• In 1464, Sultan Sunni Ali, captured Timbuktu, brought the upper Niger under his control, and created the largest of West Africa’s three trading kingdoms.• Add notes about Songhai and include info about
trade, politics, and policies of expansion.
Kingdom of Songhai – 1464-1600
Draw an outline of the Kingdom of Songhai (new color) and include it on your key.
Kingdom of Songhai
Notes on Songhai 1464-1600:• Grew rich from trade across Sahara Desert (salt and
gold)• Divided into provinces• Created a navy and soldiers on horseback (cavalry)• expanded its trading networks as far as Europe and
Asia• Continued to flourish as a center of Muslim scholarship and many subjects were Muslim
Kingdom of Benin
• Became famous for their copper and bronze sculptures, which were among the finest of all African artwork• Became involved with the slave trade
Kingdom of Benin
Draw Benin on your map and add it to your key
Kingdom of Benin
The Great Zimbabwe
• One of the best known trading kingdoms of South Africa• Great deposits of gold• Traded gold, copper, and ivory from
Africa’s interior with Muslim traders along Africa’s east coast
Towers of the Great Zimbabwe
Other Important Info
• Bantu Migrations• Communities of peoples who lived on subsistence
farming and spoke a common language (Bantu)• Lived throughout West, Central, and southeast Africa
• East African Trading Centers• Muslims from the Arabian Peninsula and Persian Gulf
settled at ports along the east coast• Merchants grew wealthy from trade here• Eventually, gave rise to mixed African-Arabian culture
known as Swahili
Zimbabwe, Trading Cities, and Migrations.
Add Zimbabwe to your map.
Also, add the East African Trading cities of Mogadishu, Mombasa, and Kilwa.
Finally, add arrows representing the movement of the Bantu migrations.
Make sure everything is on your key.
Mogadishu
MombasaKilwa
Zimbabwe
African Society• In many African societies, lineage was traced through the
mother (matrilineal).• Boys and girls were often separated from the community and
underwent special ceremonies at puberty.• Marriages were arranged by families and grooms paid a dowry
to the bride’s family.• Under Islam, women were limited to running the household
while husbands represented the family outside it.• Slavery• Berber groups in N Africa regularly raided villages south of the
Sahara for captives, but slavery was also common further south and along the east coast• Included prisoners of war, debtors, and some criminals• Slaves worked on farmlands, were soldiers, or were domestic
servants
LEFT SIDE
• Using page 232 in your textbook, complete the chart of African Trading Empires. Using your notes or textbook, add the information for important rulers and economic base (you won’t find rulers for Kush or Ghana)