Kingdoms and Domains BacteriaArchaeaEukarya BacteriaArchaeaProtistaPlantaeFungiAnimalia...
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Transcript of Kingdoms and Domains BacteriaArchaeaEukarya BacteriaArchaeaProtistaPlantaeFungiAnimalia...
Kingdoms and Domains
Bacteria Archaea Eukarya
Bacteria Archaea Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia
Monera Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia
The three-domain system
The six-kingdom system
The traditional (now outdated) five-kingdom system
A.K.A. DOMAIN PROKARYA
One bacterium, two bacteriaBacterial Structure:A Typical Bacterium
Plasmids
Some bacteria also have a capsule outside the cell wall.
Bacteria
Prokaryotes – unicellular, no membrane-bound nucleus or organelles
Most heterotrophic, some autotrophic Most NOT pathogenic, many useful to us Mostly microscopic, but not all! Species are further classified into strains
Bacteria – Two Kingdoms
Archaebacteria – most ancient, found in harsh environments Methanogens – anaerobic, make methane:
digestive tract of animals Thermophiles – hot water: ocean vents, hot springs Halophiles – extremely salty water: Great Salt Lake,
Dead Sea Eubacteria – pathogens & all others Main differences:
Only Eubacteria have peptidoglycan in cell walls Archaea and Eubacteria have different rRNA /
ribosomes
Phylum Methanogens
To generate or produceMethane gas
Live in swamps
and in the intestinal tracts of animals, can cause gas
Generates Methane (CH4) gas from CO2 & H2S as waste product
(Eu)Bacteria – Benefits to Humans
In the environment: Cyanobacteria make oxygen Bacteria in soil fix nitrogen for plants Bacteria decompose dead matter Bacteria form symbiotic relationships w/ organisms Bioremediation – bacteria can be used to clean up
pollution
Rhizobium in root nodules of legumes
(Eu)Bacteria – Benefits to Humans
In the environment: Bioremediation – bacteria can be used to clean up
pollutionOil Spill – Bioremediation on Oil
(Eu)Bacteria – Benefits to Humans In industry:
Bacteria are used in the making of cheese, yogurt, beer, wine, clothes, medicines, etc.;
genetically engineered bacteria can produce proteins/hormones such as insulin