Kingdom ProtistaKingdom Protista

Fidgety little critters!Fidgety little critters!

What is a Protist?What is a Protist?• EukaryoticEukaryotic

– Has a nucleus!Has a nucleus!

• Mostly single celledMostly single celled• Classified byClassified by::

– MOVEMENT– OBTAIN FOOD

• Animal-like:Animal-like:– HeterotrophicHeterotrophic

• Plant-like:Plant-like:– Autotrophic (have chloroplasts)Autotrophic (have chloroplasts)

• Fungus-like:Fungus-like:– ParasiticParasitic

– REPRODUCE

Animal-like Protists: Animal-like Protists: SarcodiniaSarcodinia• MovementMovement::

– By By pseudopods:pseudopods:• Little blobs of cytoplasmLittle blobs of cytoplasm

• Means “Fake Feet”Means “Fake Feet”

• Consumer Nutrition:Consumer Nutrition:– Surround meal and bring into Surround meal and bring into

food vacuolefood vacuole• Phagocytosis!Phagocytosis!

• Reproduction:Reproduction:– Binary FissionBinary Fission

• Organism:Organism:– Amoeba amoebaAmoeba amoeba

AmoebaAmoeba

Animal-like Protists: Animal-like Protists: CiliatesCiliates• Movement:Movement:

– By cilia:By cilia:• Little “hairs” that beat Little “hairs” that beat

like oarslike oars

• Consumer Nutrition:Consumer Nutrition:– Food is swept in by cilia Food is swept in by cilia

to GULLETto GULLET– Contractile vacuoles Contractile vacuoles

collect and “spit out” collect and “spit out” waterwater

• Reproduction:Reproduction:– Binary fission AND Binary fission AND

conjugationconjugation• Organism:Organism:

– Paramecium caudatum, Paramecium caudatum, Stentor coeruleus, Stentor coeruleus, BlepharismaBlepharisma

ParameciumParamecium

StentorStentor

Plant-like Protists: Plant-like Protists: Flagellates (Volvox)Flagellates (Volvox)

• Colonial organism:Colonial organism:– Hundreds of individual cells Hundreds of individual cells

“live” together“live” together

• Movement:Movement:– Long, whip-like flagellaLong, whip-like flagella– Whole colony moves Whole colony moves

together!together!

• Nutrition:Nutrition:– AutotrophicAutotrophic– Contain chloroplasts! (Hence Contain chloroplasts! (Hence

green color!)green color!)

• Reproduction:Reproduction:– Binary fissionBinary fission

VolvoxVolvox

Euglenophytes: The plant-Euglenophytes: The plant-like animal protistlike animal protist• NO CELL WALL:NO CELL WALL:

– Has pellicleHas pellicle

• MOVEMENT:MOVEMENT:– TWO flagellaTWO flagella

• NUTRITION:NUTRITION:– Autotrophic (chloroplasts)Autotrophic (chloroplasts)– Can be heterotrophic Can be heterotrophic

when no sunlight!when no sunlight!– Red spot helps organism Red spot helps organism

to find sunlightto find sunlight

• REPRODUCTION:REPRODUCTION:– By binary fissionBy binary fission

• ORGANISM:ORGANISM:– EuglenaEuglena

EuglenaEuglena

Helpful Diagrams for LabHelpful Diagrams for Lab

Also called eyespot

Helpful Diagrams for LabHelpful Diagrams for LabVolvox

Helpful Diagrams for LabHelpful Diagrams for Lab

Helpful Diagrams for LabHelpful Diagrams for Lab

Mouth

Gullet

Cilia

Contractile Vacuole

Food Vacuole

Stentor

General tips/tricks for success General tips/tricks for success the next 2 days…the next 2 days…• Follow Follow ALL microscope rules/techniquesALL microscope rules/techniques

you’ve learned!you’ve learned!– Focus on low power first with coarse adjustment.Focus on low power first with coarse adjustment.– Then switch to higher powers and use fine adjustment.Then switch to higher powers and use fine adjustment.

• DO NOTDO NOT mix the droppers! Only use Euglena mix the droppers! Only use Euglena droppers for Euglena, etc.droppers for Euglena, etc.

• Use same slide and cover slip and keep washing Use same slide and cover slip and keep washing them off and drying them each time you get a them off and drying them each time you get a new specimen.new specimen.

• BE CAREFUL around the live specimen! Only ONE BE CAREFUL around the live specimen! Only ONE person per group should be making the slide. person per group should be making the slide. Don’t crowd the area and increase the risk of Don’t crowd the area and increase the risk of spilling the specimen!!spilling the specimen!!

General tips/tricks for success General tips/tricks for success the next 2 days…the next 2 days…

• The stentor and amoeba:The stentor and amoeba:– They are supposed to look like blobs of cytoplasm. They are supposed to look like blobs of cytoplasm. – They are NOT the tiny swimming things that you may They are NOT the tiny swimming things that you may

see around the non-moving blobs. Those are probably see around the non-moving blobs. Those are probably some other protozoa like paramecium.some other protozoa like paramecium.

• You You SHOULDSHOULD move the slide around on move the slide around on the stage to “search” for specimen if you the stage to “search” for specimen if you don’t see anything at first. don’t see anything at first.

• Also, some of them are VERY fast. Also, some of them are VERY fast. Sometimes you only get a quick glance as Sometimes you only get a quick glance as they “swim” bythey “swim” by..

General tips/tricks for success General tips/tricks for success the next 2 days…the next 2 days…

• If at first you don’t succeed…If at first you don’t succeed…

• It’s OK to go back and try to make It’s OK to go back and try to make another slide of the organism. It is another slide of the organism. It is quite possible to get one that does quite possible to get one that does not have any of the organism in it.not have any of the organism in it.

• REMEMBER, you only need a REMEMBER, you only need a fewfew drops from the pipette onto the slide, drops from the pipette onto the slide, though.though.

General tips/tricks for success General tips/tricks for success the next 2 days…the next 2 days…

• The volvox are SOOOO cool! They are my The volvox are SOOOO cool! They are my favorite!favorite!

• You may want to skip to these first just to You may want to skip to these first just to ensure a good, LIVE, view of them!ensure a good, LIVE, view of them!

• You You MAYMAY use a textbook for help labeling the use a textbook for help labeling the diagrams, BUT the best help will be going to diagrams, BUT the best help will be going to my website and using this PowerPoint!!my website and using this PowerPoint!!

• The questions in the lab are easy and only The questions in the lab are easy and only require you to read the paragraphs about require you to read the paragraphs about each organism.each organism.