KINGDOM PROTISTA

Reported by:Ms. Estillore, Karen Joy D.

KINGDOM PROTISTA

-are the simplest eukaryotic organism-most tend to be unicellular-home for ‘’leftover’’ organism -that couldn't be classified elsewhere

3TYPES OF KINGDOM PROTISTA

*Protozoan*Algae*Fungus

PROTOZOANAnimal-like Protists:  Protozoans - A protist is any organism that is not a

plant, animal or fungus.- Have characteristics similar to

multicellular animal.- They do not have chlorophyll.depend on other organisms for food and energy.- They live in oceans, fresh waters, and in moist soil.- all are eukaryotic (have a nucleus)

Protozoans are grouped according to how they move about. 

Ciliates,flagellates,amoebas,slimemolds and sporozoans are all different protozoans.

PhylumCiliophora:Ciliates

-ciliates move by means of hair like structures called cilia that stickout of their cells -are also used to sweep floating food particles into the organism.

-the paramecium is an example of a ciliate protozoan.

Phylum Sporozoa-all members of Phylum

Sporozoa are nonmotile and parasitic.

-they are carried by the body fluids of their hosts

-many sporozoans cause serious disease in humansExamples:Plasmodium

Phylum Mastigophora: Flagellates

-Flagellate protozoan move by means of flagella.- Most flagellates are parasitic.- Many flagellates live in the

intestines of humans, in termites, and other animals

- Some flagellates are harmful.Examples:*Trypanosomagambiense*Euglena

Phylum Sarcodina

-Sarcodines move by means of the tiny fingerlike projections of their cytoplasm and cell membrane called pseudopodia-Sarcodines feed on dissolved nutrients, other microscopic organisms and tiny bits of food.-They live in muddy freshwaters, and at the ocean bottom, and in contaminated drinking water.-The most common example of sarcodines is Amoeba.

ALGAEPlantlike Protists:  ALGAE

- all plantlike protists have chlorophyll like those in plants.- they produce and release oxygen as plants do-The plantlike protists are also the major food source for water organisms.

Phylum Chlorophyta:Green Algae

-algae include both unicellular and multicellular algae-the  spirogyra is freshwater unicellular green alga.  -the ulva or sea lettuce is a multicellular green alga.

Phylum Rhodophyta:RedAlgae

-the red algae are mostly large andmulticellular. 

-they grow in theoceans.  

-their red pigment usually masks thegreen color of the chlorophyll. 

-red algae have glue-like substances intheir cellwalls; carrageenan and agar

Phylum Phaeophyta:  Brown Algae

-the brown algae are multicellular. 

-they usually grow on rocks in the shallow seawaters.  

-large brown algae called kelps may grow as long as 100 meters

-they are among the longest organisms in the world, rivaling the height of the giant Sequoia trees.

PhylumChrysophyta:GoldeAlgae

-the prefix chryso means color of gold. 

-this color is due to the bleeding of three pigments: the orange carotenes, the yellow xanthophyll's, and the brown fucoxanthins  -an unusualcharacteristic of these golden algae is that they store food in the form of oil.

PhylumPyrrophyta:  “Fire” Algae

-contains species of one-celled algae called dinoflagellate.  

- one flagellum moves the cell while the other circles the cell, causing it to spin like a top.

- they store food in the form of starch and oils.  

-their red color is due to chlorophyll a and c, and xanthophylls. 

-fire algae glow at night like a neon light when disturbed.  

-this ability of organisms to emit light is called bioluminescence.

FUNGUS

-Fungus-like protists are heterotrophic, they cannot make their own food, and thus they must be able to move at some point in their lives. -These protists contain long hyphae-like strands thus they contain the physical appearance of fungi.- The difference lies in that the hyphae of fungi are white while the hyphae of protists are usually bright in color.

Water Molds-water molds are

fungus-like protists that live in moist environments.

-they look like tiny threads with a hazy covering (when in a damp environment).

- most water molds are decomposers, breaking down dead organisms; few water molds are parasites, living in or on other organisms.

Slime Molds

-slime molds are a fungus-like protist that lives in moist soil, decaying plants, and trees.

-they have a very bright appearance.Slime molds are single celled organisms.

What Are the Benefits of Protists?

*Food SourceProtists are a food source for many animals. *EcosystemProtists, such as aphanizomenon flos-aquae and spirulina, are types of blue-green algae that also produce oxygen as a by-product of their respiration cycle.

*Economic Benefits

Blue-green and brown algae is currently being grown for fiofuel, which could eventually replace traditional fossil fuels. Living algae is 50 percent oil, and can be harvested and processed into usable oil, diesel and gas fuel.

What Diseases Do Protists Cause?*African Sleeping Sickness

The parasitic protist that causes this disease, trypanosoma, is carried by the tsetse fly, which is found only in Africa. Upon initial infection, symptoms may include headache, fever and severe joint pain.

*Giardiasis

This disease is caused by the protist giardia, which is one of the most frequently found waterborne parasites in the United States. Infection typically occurs after drinking contaminated water, usually from a lake, stream or well.

- is an infectious disease that kills up to 2.7 million people a year. Malaria is caused by a parasitic -protist that is carried by the mosquito, a blood-sucking insect that is also known to spread the West Nile Virus.

-the protist takes up residence inthe bloodstream, causing capillariesto clog and red blood cells to die. Symptoms include fever, excessive sweating, severe chills, malaise, vomiting and diarrhea.

*Malaria

*AmoebicDysentery

This affliction is caused by the amoeba Entamoeba histolytica and is transmitted similarly to giardiasis, infecting the host through ingestion of contaminated water or food.

THE END!

THANK YOU…GOD BLESS