Kingdom Fungi AP Biology Chapter 31. General Characteristics Eukaryotic Heterotrophic Often...
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Transcript of Kingdom Fungi AP Biology Chapter 31. General Characteristics Eukaryotic Heterotrophic Often...
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Kingdom FungiAP Biology Chapter 31
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General Characteristics
Eukaryotic Heterotrophic Often decomposers Some parasitic Cell walls of chitin Main structure underground Prefer dark, moist habitats
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Basic Body Plan of a Fungus Hyphae woven into mycelium
mat Can be HUGE (one example is
3.4 miles diameter) Filaments Reproductive structure is the
mushroom
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Yeast
SINGLE CELL fungi
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Plant-like characteristics of Fungi Non-mobile Flower-like reproductive
structure Alternation of generations Cell wall Spores moved by wind/other
animals
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Animal-like characteristics of Fungi heterotrophic
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Currently 5 Phyla/divisions of Fungi
The newest was first identified between 2001-2002
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1. chytidiomycota
Aquatic- have flagellated stage
Absorb nutrients Chitin cell walls Coenocytic hyphae
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2. zygomycota
Terrestrial Live ON dead matter Form mycorrhizae on plant
roots Coenocytic hyphae
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3. Ascomycota
Sac fungi Often pathogenic- saprobes Mutualistic- lichins Asci- the sace for spores in an
ascocarp
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4. Basidiomycota
Club fungi Basidium- club-like diploid
stage Decompose wood Mainly use sexual
reproduction Grow fast
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5. glomeromycota
USED to be in zygomycota About 160-200 species known Abuscular mycorrhizae- tree-
like growths INTO plant roots
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Mushrooms: Haploid/Diploid? Dikaryotic= one cell with 2
nuclei that haven’t fused yet
Individual answers may differ for this question…but what was your reasoning
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What terrestrial features do fungi have? Root-like system called
mycelium
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Why are they important to ecosystems? Decomposers Many mutualistic relationships
Lichins= algae + fungi Commonly found on rocks/soil Main food source for caribou (aka
reindeer)
Common parasites on other organisms
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How are fungi important to humans? Produce medicine- penicillin
and blood pressure medications
Used in baking and fermented foods/beverages- yogurt, beers, breads
Food source for humans Cause damage to crops Human illness- ringworm and
athletes foot
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Truffles are among the most expensive items a chef can purchase to use in a recipe: $250-$450 per pound!
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Lichins
Algae+ ascomycete in symbiotic relationship
They are found on rocks, logs, roofs, trees, etc.k
Pioneer species on newly cleared land
Arctic tundra
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Adaptations of Lichins
Can absorb large amounts of water
Photosynthetic Photosynthesis stops in dry
climate to keep the organism alive
Live a very long time They use the other piece’s
adaptations.