King Philip II of Spain & Queen Elizabeth I of England.
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Transcript of King Philip II of Spain & Queen Elizabeth I of England.
King Philip II of Spain &Queen Elizabeth I of England
King Philip II of Spain• Charles V
– ruled over Spain, the Netherlands, Belgium, the colonies in the Americas & the Holy Roman Empire
– poor leadership, so he abdicated the throne, to live in a monastery– his son Philip received Spain etc. & his brother, the Holy Roman Empire
• Philip II 1556-1598– Spanish greatness: politically & culturally– defeated the Turkish Navy at the Battle of Lepanto in 1571– Crusader for Roman Catholicism: “Most Catholic King”
• leader of the Counter Reformation• Belgium & the Netherlands (mostly Calvinist): part of Philip II’s
Spanish Empire– Philip II tried to crush Calvinism in the Netherlands– William the Silent, Prince of the House of Orange, led the resistance– 1609 truce: northern states free → United Provinces of the Netherlands
• Greatest part of the Spanish Empire: Central & South America, with some influence in North America
Queen Elizabeth I of England• Queen Elizabeth I (reigned 1558-1603)
– head of State/Church– Church of England = Protestant, but moderate (Anglican →
Episcopalian)
• supported the weaker country (France/Spain) to keep the balance of power in Europe
• King Philip II of Spain wanted take over England & end Protestantism (tried marriage & did not work) → Spanish Armada: fleet of warships
• 1588 England won naval battles vs. Spanish Armada: a storm sent the Armada off-course & destroyed most of their ships, off coast of Scotland (“Protestant wind”)
• internal threats: Mary, Queen of Scots (her cousin)• no heir: Mary’s son, James, becomes king!
Spanish ArmadaMary: Queen of Scots
Queen Elizabeth I vs. King Phillip II & the Spanish Armada
• Queen Elizabeth's Confrontation: Spanish Ambassador
• Queen Elizabeth’s Battle Speech: Spanish Armada
• The Battle of Gravelines vs. Spanish Armada (1588 Storm)
Revolutions in England• James IV of Scotland: new king of England
upon Elizabeth’s death (James I of England)
• divine right of kings: kings receive power from God & are only responsible to God for actions
• conflict with Parliament: king/queen & Parliament ruled together
• Puritans: wanted the Church of England to be more Protestant (purify the Church)– conflict with the King, led to fleeing to the Americas
(i.e. the Pilgrims)
James I
English Civil War• Charles I fought Parliament & Puritans (arrested
dissenters for treason)– 1642 Oliver Cromwell leads Parliamentary war vs. king– Roundheads (Cromwell) defeated Cavaliers (King) – Charles I executed January 30, 1649 (scared Europe!)
• Cromwell: military dictator until death 1658
• Restoration of Parliament & the King (Charles II)• 3 children of Charles II: Catholic son (James II) & 2
Protestant daughters (Mary & Anne)• Parliament wanted to get rid of James II
– invited his sister, Mary & her husband, William of Orange (…of Holland) to “invade” England
English Civil War
Glorious Revolution• William & Mary “invaded”
– James II & his family fled
• “Glorious Revolution”: almost NO bloodshed• 1689 William & Mary officially King/Queen after
signing English Bill of Rights: – Parliament makes laws, sets taxes & consents to military acts
– citizens: bear arms, jury trials & habeas corpus– sets foundation for limited/constitutional monarchy
• Thomas Hobbes: horrified by revolutions– wrote Leviathan: humans obsessed with self-preservation &
thus societies need strong governments to protect citizens – saw life as “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short”
Glorious Revolution
In Review…• Succession of English monarchs:
– Elizabeth I (Tudor): NO heir (ends Tudor line)
– James I (Stuart): Elizabeth’s nephew
– Charles I (Stuart): James I’s son CIVIL WAR– Oliver Cromwell
– Charles II (Stuart): Charles I’s son RESTORATION– James II (Stuart): Charles II’s son
– William & Mary (of Orange): Charles II’s daughter
GLORIOUS REVOLUTION– Anne: Charles II’s daughter & Mary’s younger sisterStuart line ends with NO heirs.House of Hanover (from German provinces) begins!
Henry IV
Philip II of Spain
Elizabeth I of England
James I & sons
William & Mary
Louis XIV of France
Frederick William of Prussia
Peter the Great of Russia
Political Achieve-ments
became king of England, from Scotland
Religious Policy
-conflict with
Puritans
-Divine right of kings
Military success or failure
failure of Charles I against Roundheads
Domestic policy
-conflict with Parliament
-divine right of kings
Foreign policy
closer ties to France
Innova-tions
Charles I: first king to be tried & killed by people
Kingdom at monarch’s death
divided
Closure #1
• Explain the reasoning for the:1. English Civil War
2. Restoration of the Stuarts on the English throne
3. Glorious Revolution with William & Mary
Epitaph for AbsolutistsCreate an epitaph
for an absolute monarch! Include:
-Name-Date they ruled or lived-Country-Catchy sentences with at least 3 facts about the
person & what they did.
Must be in color.Must draw the actual headstone or gravestone.Must be attractive & accurate.Will be hung outside…so make them NICE!
Homework
• Chapter Review: pgs. 562- 563– Complete all of the respective questions.– Exclude the internet question!