King George I House of Hanover reigns 1713 to present Hanover changes name to Windsor during WWI.
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Transcript of King George I House of Hanover reigns 1713 to present Hanover changes name to Windsor during WWI.
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King George I
• House of Hanover reigns 1713 to present
• Hanover changes name to Windsor during WWI
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King George II & George III(1727-1760) (1760-1820)
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King George IV & George V(1820-1830 1910-1936)
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King George VI
• 1936-1952
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The Industrial Revolution
• C. 1750-1850• Textiles: Spinning and weaving
machines• Cotton gin, 1790s• James Watt, steam engine, 1760s• Better farming methods
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James Watt & his steam engine
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Steam Engine
• Provided power for new machinery
• Factories could now be located anywhere – not just along rivers
• Led to growth of cities
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Steam locomotive (train engine)
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Railways
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“Luddites” smashing loom
• Traditional workers lost their jobs
• Start of the first trade unions
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Mill town
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Woolen mill
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Industrialization
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England leads world in industry
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Causes of Industrial Success in Britain
• Profits from the colonies.
• Slave trade.• Natural resources
(coal).• Science and
technology.• Geography and
climate.• People’s work ethic.
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England: Workshop of the world
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Exploitation of labor
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Crowded housing & poor slums
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Urban England
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Child labor
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Charles Dickens 1812-1890
• Great Expectations• Oliver Twist• A Tale of Two Cities• A Christmas Carol• and many more…
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Adam Smith: Wealth of Nations
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Wealth of Nations, 1776
• Free enterprise• Laissez-faire : non-interference in
economy• Gov’t did not interfere in the
Industrial Revolution. (did not stop child labor, allowed people to get rich, etc.)
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Chartist Movement, 1836-1848
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The People’s Charter
• 1st nationwide working class movement.
• Wanted equal rights for the working class.
• Demanded votes for all males.
• Demanded secret ballot.
• 4 other points, p. 126
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Chartist Movement
• Chartism often led to violent confrontations
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Queen Victoria 1837-1901
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The Victorian Era• Technology & inventions of the Ind.
Rev.• Interest in science (Darwin, etc.)• Growing wealth of society – strong
middle class• More freedoms of the people• “Polite society” – proper
relationships, decency and morality• New Literature: social commentary
(Dickens)
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The Great Exhibition, 1851• Like the Shanghai Expo – a world
fair
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Origin of Species revolutionized “science”
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Darwin’s HMS Beagle in Straits of Magellan
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Charles Darwin• Published his
studies on evolution, 1859
• Provided justification for imperialism – “survival of the fittest”
• (Imperialism: trying to build an empire)
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Expansion of the Empire
• 1756-1763: Seven Years’ War - Britain acquires Canada.
• 1775-1783: War of American Revolution - loss of 13 colonies.
• 1800s: Expansion into India, Africa, Pacific.– Australia: colonized by British convicts, gold
miners– S. Africa and Egypt centers of British trade.– Conquered India to maintain trade profits.
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North America after Seven Years’ War, 1763
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North America after American Revolution, 1783
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New Era of Imperialism after 1800
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Imperialism in Africa
• All European nations competed for overseas empire
• England was the most successful
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Relations with China• Lin Zexu 林则徐 resisted
British imperialism in China.
• Britain made large profits from Indian opium sold in China.
• It was illegal to sell opium, but Britain forced China to sign treaties allowing them to do business in China.
• Led to First Opium War, 1839-42 ( 鸦片战争 )
• Hong Kong was occupied by GB.
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Canton: destruction of opium
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HMS Nemesis: British iron hull, steam power, & long-range guns
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Opium War: Nemesis destroys Chinese fleet
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British technological superiority
• Great Britain was the first nation to benefit from the Industrial Revolution.
• British Empire and their victory in China was the result of Industrial Revolution.
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Second Opium War: destruction of Summer Palace, 1860
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Crimean War A conflict between Russia, France, England, and
others for the control of parts of the Middle East and Southeastern Europe.
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Crimea
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Many sick and injured in Crimea
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Florence Nightingale• Born wealthy.• Preferred helping
people over living life of luxury.
• Took over nursing in Crimea.
• Founder of modern nursing profession.
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British imperialism in South Africa
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Boer War: British fight Christian Dutch settlers