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Loads:

Internal pressure

Tension

BM

Kinematic coupling constraint on half cylinder

All settings are based

on a coordinate system

where Z-dir is alignedwith the axial direction

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INTERACTION-MODULE:

Assign region to local material orientation

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INTERACTION-MODULE (1):

Kinematic coupling:

Constrained DOFs correspond to

XSYMM and ZSYMM

Global coordinate system is used.

Two couplings are used on each side. The reference node

is still the same. This is to avoid local effects. Nodes lying

in the intersection of the XSYMM and ZSYMM will form a

separate coupling and the nodes will be deselected from

adjacent couplings and boundary conditions.

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INTERACTION-MODULE (2):

Two couplings are used on each side. The reference node

is still the same. This is to avoid local effects. Nodes lying

in the intersection of the XSYMM and ZSYMM will form a

separate coupling and the nodes will be deselected from

adjacent couplings and boundary conditions.

Kinematic coupling:

Constrained DOFs correspond to

ZSYMM

Global coordinate system is used.

Nodes of previous

slide are deselected

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INTERACTION-MODULE (3):

Kinematic coupling:

Constrained DOFs correspond to

XSYMM and ZSYMM

Global coordinate system is used.

Two couplings are used on each side. The reference node

is still the same. This is to avoid local effects. Nodes lying

in the intersection of the XSYMM and ZSYMM will form a

separate coupling and the nodes will be deselected from

adjacent couplings and boundary conditions.

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INTERACTION-MODULE (4):

Two couplings are used on each side. The reference node

is still the same. This is to avoid local effects. Nodes lying

in the intersection of the XSYMM and ZSYMM will form a

separate coupling and the nodes will be deselected from

adjacent couplings and boundary conditions.

Kinematic coupling:

Constrained DOFs correspond to

ZSYMM

Global coordinate system is used.

Nodes of previous

slide are deselected

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LOAD-MODULE (1):

Fixed node

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LOAD-MODULE (2):

Symmetrical BC:

Nodes at the intersection of

XSYMM and ZSYMM are deselected

Nodes at the intersection of

XSYMM and ZSYMM are deselected

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LOAD-MODULE (3):

Node fixed in Y-dir:

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LOAD-MODULE (4):

If U2 is released, numerical singularity may occur If UR2 is released, local effects on stress plot may occur

Load node:

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LOAD-MODULE (5): (If bending moment is applied as rotation)

BM applied as rotation. Note,

that type = velocity.

If rotation is applid as Displacement/Rotation,

the result will be the same, but you will get a

warning:

Finite rotation boundary condition specified in

multistep 3D analysis. Type=velocity should

be used.

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Pure bending:

Internal pressure:

S11 = radial stress

Internal pressure:

S22 = hoop stress

EXAMPLES OF STRESS PLOTS: