Kim ten Wolde ICL Fertilizers Europe · ICL Fertilizers Europe. o Introduction o ICL Fertilizers’...
Transcript of Kim ten Wolde ICL Fertilizers Europe · ICL Fertilizers Europe. o Introduction o ICL Fertilizers’...
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THE ROLE AND OPPORTUNITIES OF FERTILIZER
PRODUCTION FOR PHOSPHATE RECYCLING
Kim ten Wolde
ICL Fertilizers Europe
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o Introduction
o ICL Fertilizers’ position
o Secondary phosphate sources
o Processing in fertilizer production
o Future perspective
Overview
o Future perspective
o Challenges and issues
o Conclusion
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The Nutrient Platform, ESPC’13
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o Phosphorus cannot be replaced
o Possibility of recycling phosphate
• Accumulation at WWTP’s and animal rendering facilities:
now used as landfill
Introduction
o Managing phosphate flows: nutrient platforms
• Established on a national level in The Netherlands
• European platform launched at ESPC13
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o Used process suitable for secondary phosphates
• Internal research showed promising results with different
secondary phosphates
o Production plants in countries with phosphate surplus
o Logistically convenient location
ICL Fertilizers’ position
o Sustainability is key for ICL
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o Crystallisation product:
• Mg2+ + NH4+ + PO4
3+ + 6 H2O � MgNH4PO4.6H2O
o At WWTPs forced struvite crystallisation can save
operational costs
o Different processes, tested sources: Airprex and
Secondary phosphate sources:
Struvite
o Different processes, tested sources: Airprex and
Anphos
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Airprex schematic at WWTP (Stowa, 2012) Anphos pilot plant (Colsen, 2013)
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Phosphate
contentConsistensy
Low heavy
metalsLow cadmium Low Fe/Al
Sewage Sludge Ash +/- -- -- + --
Secondary phosphate sources:
Ashes from mono-incineration
Meat- and Bone Meal Ash + + ++ ++ ++
Wood Ash -- - + ++ -
Rock Phosphate ++ ++ + - ++
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o Available P, Mg and NH4: direct value to production
o Moisture levels can be a problem for processing
o Odour emissions due to organic content
o Plant-scale test:
• PK 8-27+7MgO using SSP, KCl and struvite
Processing in mineral fertilizer production:
Struvite
• PK 8-27+7MgO using SSP, KCl and struvite
• Airprex-derived struvite from WWTP
• Lower fluorine and phosphate emissions to environment
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Airprex struvite crystals (Stowa, 2012) PK 8-27+7MgO with struvite
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o Non-available P, acidulation necessary
o Metal compounds can ‘contaminate’ phosphate rock
on mixing; solo acidulation required
o Different acid ratio and additions necessary
o Pilot- and plant-scale tests show good acidulation
Processing in mineral fertilizer production:
Sewage sludge ash
o Pilot- and plant-scale tests show good acidulation
capabilities at Amsterdam
o Extensive pilot-scale testing shows good granulation
properties in a mixture with SSP and KCl
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o Non-available P, acidulation necessary
o Very similar to phosphate rock, high reactivity
o Mixed acidulation with phosphate rock successful
o Extensive pilot-scale tests show good availability and
granulation properties
Processing in mineral fertilizer production:
Meat- and bone meal ash
granulation properties
o Plant-scale test in December 2013
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o Better storage and dosing necessary to process more
• Silos and pneumatic transportation system
• Correct acidulation mixtures of components
o ICL Amsterdam is preparing a multi-million investment
Future perspective:
Processing mono-incineration ashes at ICL
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o Different processes are in development
o Main advantage: less contaminants in treated SSA
• Products from these processes could be used at ICL like
mono-incineration ashes
Future perspective:
Other processes in development
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Name Current
scale
Feed Product Method Developer
PASH Pilot SSA Calcium
Phosphate/Struvite
Acid
leaching
RWTH
Aachen
ASH DEC Pilot SSA Purified ash Thermal ASH DEC
Umwelt AG
SEPHOS Laboratory SSA Aluminium
phosphate /Calcium
Phosphate
Acid
leaching
TU
Darmstadt
Overview of some methods to recover phosphorus from SSA
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o Contaminants
• Possibility of pharmaceuticals/hormones/pathogens in
struvite from WWTPs � Currently being researched
• Iron/Aluminium in SSA � More difficult processing
• Heavy metals � Guidelines necessary
Legislation
Challenges and issues
o Legislation
• EU WG3 proposed heavy metal limits, acidulated SSA meets
these limits
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ppm As Cd Cr Hg Ni Pb
Acidulated
SSA6,8 2,6 74,0 0,0 30,7 84,0
Limit WG3 60,00 3,00 100,00 2,00 90,00 140,00
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o Market for secondary phosphate
• Supply of SSA/MBMA/struvite
• Competitive pricing
• Marketable products:
no contaminations possible
Nutrient platforms can play
Challenges and issues
o Nutrient platforms can play
an important role
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The Nutrient Platform, ESPC’13
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o Goal: replace 15% phosphate rock with secondary
phosphates by 2015 in Amsterdam; up to 100% in
2025
o Processing in fertilizer production proved successful
during extensive testing at ICL for both struvite as
mono-incineration ashes
Conclusion
mono-incineration ashes
o Secondary phosphates should pose no threat to
environment and health
o Legislation greatest challenge
• Important role for national and EU nutrient platforms
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QUESTIONS?