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![Page 1: “Killing you softly” Indoor air pollution: is cooking the cause? University of California, Irvine School of Social Ecology Rafael Rodriguez-Leal, Undergraduate.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f2e5503460f94c4844c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
“Killing you softly”Indoor air pollution: is cooking the
cause?
University of California, Irvine
School of Social EcologyRafael Rodriguez-Leal,
Undergraduate Research SymposiumMay 13 2006
![Page 2: “Killing you softly” Indoor air pollution: is cooking the cause? University of California, Irvine School of Social Ecology Rafael Rodriguez-Leal, Undergraduate.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f2e5503460f94c4844c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The site: Comachuen
giragrupo interdisciplinario
de tecnología ruralapropiada
![Page 3: “Killing you softly” Indoor air pollution: is cooking the cause? University of California, Irvine School of Social Ecology Rafael Rodriguez-Leal, Undergraduate.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f2e5503460f94c4844c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Michoacán
N
EW
S
Porcentaje de usuarios de leña para cocinar en Michoacán
Porcentaje3 - 1314 - 2728 - 4344 - 6263 - 81
Nahuatzen
100 0 100 200 Kilómetros
![Page 4: “Killing you softly” Indoor air pollution: is cooking the cause? University of California, Irvine School of Social Ecology Rafael Rodriguez-Leal, Undergraduate.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f2e5503460f94c4844c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Question
• Since most families cook different items with fire stoves, we analyzed the contribution of each meal, within the 95 percentile of peaks of PM and CO.
• We undertook this task by examining what items were cooked, and their contribution to pollutant concentrations, at the time they were cooked.
![Page 5: “Killing you softly” Indoor air pollution: is cooking the cause? University of California, Irvine School of Social Ecology Rafael Rodriguez-Leal, Undergraduate.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f2e5503460f94c4844c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Food Types
![Page 6: “Killing you softly” Indoor air pollution: is cooking the cause? University of California, Irvine School of Social Ecology Rafael Rodriguez-Leal, Undergraduate.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f2e5503460f94c4844c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
• The population under study consumes a diversity of food types.
• The diet of the participants
Consists of mainly
beans, eggs, meat,
and tortillas.
![Page 7: “Killing you softly” Indoor air pollution: is cooking the cause? University of California, Irvine School of Social Ecology Rafael Rodriguez-Leal, Undergraduate.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f2e5503460f94c4844c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Instruments
![Page 8: “Killing you softly” Indoor air pollution: is cooking the cause? University of California, Irvine School of Social Ecology Rafael Rodriguez-Leal, Undergraduate.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f2e5503460f94c4844c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Definition of Terms
• PM: Particulate Matter
• CO: Carbon Monoxide
• Fdtype: Type of ingredient cooked
• 95 Percentile: The 5th % of the highest pollutant concentrations
![Page 9: “Killing you softly” Indoor air pollution: is cooking the cause? University of California, Irvine School of Social Ecology Rafael Rodriguez-Leal, Undergraduate.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f2e5503460f94c4844c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: “Killing you softly” Indoor air pollution: is cooking the cause? University of California, Irvine School of Social Ecology Rafael Rodriguez-Leal, Undergraduate.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f2e5503460f94c4844c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Hypothesis
• H0: There won’t be a relationship between food items being cooked and pollutant levels regardless of fdtype
• H1: There will be a relationship between food items being cooked and pollutant levels, and they will vary according to fdtype
![Page 11: “Killing you softly” Indoor air pollution: is cooking the cause? University of California, Irvine School of Social Ecology Rafael Rodriguez-Leal, Undergraduate.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f2e5503460f94c4844c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: “Killing you softly” Indoor air pollution: is cooking the cause? University of California, Irvine School of Social Ecology Rafael Rodriguez-Leal, Undergraduate.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f2e5503460f94c4844c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Methods
• Our sample consisted of 53 households• Continuous measurements of CO and PM
levels were taken over 48 hr. periods• A database in Excel was created
incorporating the measurements of both pollutants by minute.
• A database in Access was created to match cooked fdtypes to the highest pollutant peaks.
![Page 13: “Killing you softly” Indoor air pollution: is cooking the cause? University of California, Irvine School of Social Ecology Rafael Rodriguez-Leal, Undergraduate.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f2e5503460f94c4844c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Methods
• The means of each fdtype were calculated when fdtype matched the 95 percentile in the peak considered
• The means of each fdtype matching the 95 percentile for all homes were calculated
![Page 14: “Killing you softly” Indoor air pollution: is cooking the cause? University of California, Irvine School of Social Ecology Rafael Rodriguez-Leal, Undergraduate.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f2e5503460f94c4844c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Methods
• CO was measured in ppm
• PM was measured in mg/m^3
![Page 15: “Killing you softly” Indoor air pollution: is cooking the cause? University of California, Irvine School of Social Ecology Rafael Rodriguez-Leal, Undergraduate.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f2e5503460f94c4844c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Tortillas Tortillas
![Page 16: “Killing you softly” Indoor air pollution: is cooking the cause? University of California, Irvine School of Social Ecology Rafael Rodriguez-Leal, Undergraduate.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f2e5503460f94c4844c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Graph fdtype 6=meat, matching 95 percentile PM peak in home 17
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12/1/2004 3:30:00 PM 12/1/2004 5:14:00 PM 12/1/2004 5:15:00 PM 12/1/2004 5:29:00 PM
time
pm
m
g/m
3
![Page 17: “Killing you softly” Indoor air pollution: is cooking the cause? University of California, Irvine School of Social Ecology Rafael Rodriguez-Leal, Undergraduate.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f2e5503460f94c4844c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Graph fdtype 7=fish, matching 95 percentile PM peak in home 17
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
time
pm
mg/
m3
stpmb2df
![Page 18: “Killing you softly” Indoor air pollution: is cooking the cause? University of California, Irvine School of Social Ecology Rafael Rodriguez-Leal, Undergraduate.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f2e5503460f94c4844c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Graph fdtype 8=milk , matching 95 percentile PM peak in home 17
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
12/1/2004 7:32:00 AM 12/1/2004 7:34:00 AM 12/1/2004 7:35:00 AM
time
pm
mg/
m3
stpmb2df
![Page 19: “Killing you softly” Indoor air pollution: is cooking the cause? University of California, Irvine School of Social Ecology Rafael Rodriguez-Leal, Undergraduate.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f2e5503460f94c4844c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Graph fdtype 10=eggs , matching 95 percentile PM peak in home 17
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
time
pm
mg/
m3
stpmb2df
![Page 20: “Killing you softly” Indoor air pollution: is cooking the cause? University of California, Irvine School of Social Ecology Rafael Rodriguez-Leal, Undergraduate.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f2e5503460f94c4844c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Graph fdtype 2=tortilla, matching 95 percentile CO peak in home 24
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
11/22/20046:40:00 PM
11/22/20046:45:00 PM
11/22/20046:46:00 PM
11/22/20046:47:00 PM
11/22/20046:48:00 PM
11/22/20046:49:00 PM
11/22/20046:50:00 PM
11/22/20046:51:00 PM
time
CO2
ppm stcob
![Page 21: “Killing you softly” Indoor air pollution: is cooking the cause? University of California, Irvine School of Social Ecology Rafael Rodriguez-Leal, Undergraduate.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f2e5503460f94c4844c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Graph fdtype 2=tortilla, matching 95 percentile CO peak meal 2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
time
CO
2 p
pm
stcob
![Page 22: “Killing you softly” Indoor air pollution: is cooking the cause? University of California, Irvine School of Social Ecology Rafael Rodriguez-Leal, Undergraduate.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f2e5503460f94c4844c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Graph fdtype 4=beans, matching 95 percentile CO peak in home 64
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
time
CO
2
pp
m
stcob
![Page 23: “Killing you softly” Indoor air pollution: is cooking the cause? University of California, Irvine School of Social Ecology Rafael Rodriguez-Leal, Undergraduate.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f2e5503460f94c4844c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Graph fdtype 6=meat, matching 95 percentile CO peak in home 91
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
time
CO
2
pp
m
stcob
![Page 24: “Killing you softly” Indoor air pollution: is cooking the cause? University of California, Irvine School of Social Ecology Rafael Rodriguez-Leal, Undergraduate.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f2e5503460f94c4844c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Graph fdtype 6=meat, matching 95 percentile CO peak meal 2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
time
CO
2
pp
m
stcob
![Page 25: “Killing you softly” Indoor air pollution: is cooking the cause? University of California, Irvine School of Social Ecology Rafael Rodriguez-Leal, Undergraduate.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f2e5503460f94c4844c/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Graph fdtype 10=eggs, matching 95 percentile CO peak in home 64
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
12/7/20042:18:00 PM
12/7/20042:19:00 PM
12/7/20042:26:00 PM
12/7/20042:27:00 PM
12/7/20042:28:00 PM
12/7/20042:29:00 PM
12/7/20042:30:00 PM
time
CO
2
pp
m
stcob
![Page 26: “Killing you softly” Indoor air pollution: is cooking the cause? University of California, Irvine School of Social Ecology Rafael Rodriguez-Leal, Undergraduate.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f2e5503460f94c4844c/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
The Mean of all Homes
Fdtype No HomesAll Homes AVG PM No Homes
All Homes AVG CO
Tortillas 13 3.99 10 46.61
Eggs 3 3.66 1 45.38
Beans 3 5.09 3 54.28
Meat 4 6 4 49.24
![Page 27: “Killing you softly” Indoor air pollution: is cooking the cause? University of California, Irvine School of Social Ecology Rafael Rodriguez-Leal, Undergraduate.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f2e5503460f94c4844c/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Mean all Homes PM vs fdtype matchFdtype_PM_matching
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
2 4 6 10
fdtype
PM
m
g/m
^3
Series1
![Page 28: “Killing you softly” Indoor air pollution: is cooking the cause? University of California, Irvine School of Social Ecology Rafael Rodriguez-Leal, Undergraduate.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f2e5503460f94c4844c/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Mean all Homes CO vs fdtype matchFdtype_CO_matching
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
2 4 6 10
fdtype
CO
2 p
pm
Series1
![Page 29: “Killing you softly” Indoor air pollution: is cooking the cause? University of California, Irvine School of Social Ecology Rafael Rodriguez-Leal, Undergraduate.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f2e5503460f94c4844c/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Statistics
• H1Claim: For the population of homes using fire-stoves, the mean PM levels in 3 fdtype are given by µ≥2. Furthermore, for the population of homes using fire stoves, the mean CO levels in 3 fdtype is given by µ≥ 30.
• H0: PM µ<2 and CO µ<30
![Page 30: “Killing you softly” Indoor air pollution: is cooking the cause? University of California, Irvine School of Social Ecology Rafael Rodriguez-Leal, Undergraduate.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f2e5503460f94c4844c/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Statistics
• P-value method for testing hypotheses with a significance level of α=0.1
![Page 31: “Killing you softly” Indoor air pollution: is cooking the cause? University of California, Irvine School of Social Ecology Rafael Rodriguez-Leal, Undergraduate.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f2e5503460f94c4844c/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Ing PM mean
CO mean
PM P-test
CO P-test
Outcome
tortilla 3.99 46.61 .0256<.05
p<α
.0030<.05
p<α
Significant
beans 5.09 54.28 .004<.05
p< α
.0022<.05
p< α
Significant
meat 6.00 49.24 .0122<.05
p< α
.0071<.05
p< α
Significant
Ing PM
σ
CO
σ
- - -
tortilla 4.95 29.61 - - -
beans 5.71 41.63 - - -
meat 8.76 37.74 - - -
![Page 32: “Killing you softly” Indoor air pollution: is cooking the cause? University of California, Irvine School of Social Ecology Rafael Rodriguez-Leal, Undergraduate.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f2e5503460f94c4844c/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
GraphGraphKitchen CO and PM concentrations with a traditional stove (Fogon)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 2700 3000
Number of minutes
CO
(p
pm
)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
PM
(mg
/m3)
HOBO CO
UCB PM
Milk for children
Tortilla’s making
breakfastmeal
Tortilla´s making
![Page 33: “Killing you softly” Indoor air pollution: is cooking the cause? University of California, Irvine School of Social Ecology Rafael Rodriguez-Leal, Undergraduate.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f2e5503460f94c4844c/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: “Killing you softly” Indoor air pollution: is cooking the cause? University of California, Irvine School of Social Ecology Rafael Rodriguez-Leal, Undergraduate.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f2e5503460f94c4844c/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Conclusions
• The present study considers that there is a significant contribution to indoor air pollution levels, caused by the cooking of different fdtypes
• There is variation in the concentrations of pollutants emitted, depending on the fdtype being cooked
![Page 35: “Killing you softly” Indoor air pollution: is cooking the cause? University of California, Irvine School of Social Ecology Rafael Rodriguez-Leal, Undergraduate.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f2e5503460f94c4844c/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Further Research Needed
• To examine the possibility of a diet modification in the population studied.
• Search to what extent the fdtypes that are cooked most of the time, contribute more or less to pollutant concentrations, vs. the fdtypes that aren’t cooked most of the time.
![Page 36: “Killing you softly” Indoor air pollution: is cooking the cause? University of California, Irvine School of Social Ecology Rafael Rodriguez-Leal, Undergraduate.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f2e5503460f94c4844c/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Acknowledgements
• Ph.D. candidate Michael A. Johnson• Professor & Adviser Ph.D. Rufus Edwards• Social Ecology Honors Seminar: Professor & Chair Ph.D. Valerie Jenness• Air Pollution Lab Team: Nick Lam, and
Erin Milner
![Page 37: “Killing you softly” Indoor air pollution: is cooking the cause? University of California, Irvine School of Social Ecology Rafael Rodriguez-Leal, Undergraduate.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062422/56649f2e5503460f94c4844c/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
CONTACT INFO
• Rafael Rodriguez-Leal Torres
• Undergraduate • Environmental Analysis & Design• University of California, at Irvine• Social Ecology
• [email protected]• mobile: 949 551 6484
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THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIMETHANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME
YOU HAVE BEEN A TERRIFIC CROUDYOU HAVE BEEN A TERRIFIC CROUD YOUR PATIENCE IS APPRECIATEDYOUR PATIENCE IS APPRECIATED
GOOD LUCK AT THE SYMPOSIUM!!!!GOOD LUCK AT THE SYMPOSIUM!!!!
APL ROCKS!!!!!APL ROCKS!!!!!