KICK OFFSEPTEMBER 30, 2013

Define the following words on your notecards:•William the Conqueror (p. 388)• Domesday Book (p. 388)•Magna Carta (p. 389)• Parliament (p. 389)• Reconquista (p. 391)• Piety (p. 393)• Pontificate (p. 394)

PAIR/SHARE

• Share your town vs. manor essay with the person sitting next to you. • After you’ve heard your partner’s essay, ask them 2 questions, or offer them two comments. Write these on the bottom of their essay, and your name. • Turn in your essay.

THE GROWTH OF MONARCHIES

ENGLISH MONARCHY• One of first countries to develop

strong, central monarchy (king)• Alfred the Great drove out

Vikings• William the Conqueror took the

throne by force at Battle of Hastings• Domesday Book: survey used

to create central tax system for England

• Henry II married Eleanor of Aquitaine in France, ruled both countries

MAGNA CARTA• By 1200, increasing power of kings worried nobles (power struggle)• King John needed money for

war, tried to tax nobles, they rebelled• Forced him to accept Magna Carta• Restricted King’s power• Set forth ideas about limiting government• One of the most important documents in forming modern democracies

PARLIAMENT• Another rebellion about restricting king’s power in 1260s• King agreed to meet w/ nobles regularly to discuss key issues• Developed into Parliament

• Powers remained undefined for long time• Edward I worked effectively w/ them and strengthened the gov’t

OTHER EUROPEAN MONARCHIES

• France• After Charlemagne, did not rule much

territory• Capetians and Hugh Capet extended

power of monarchy

• Holy Roman Empire• Germany separated into several small

states• Otto the Great crowned Emperor of

Romans in 962• Territory became known as Holy Roman

Empire

• Spain and Portugal• Fought to drive Moors (Muslims) out of

Iberian Peninsula• Called Reconquista

The Holy Roman Empire, 1100

WHAT WOULD YOUR GREAT CHARTER SAY?

• The teachers and principals at Butler High School are demanding too much from the students, without asking their input. • Many students decide to revolt!• Write your own Magna Carta, outlining what you

think the school should do to treat students fairly.• Write at least 5 points, and decorate your Great

Charter.• These will be graded, and hung up around the

classroom and hallway!

POWER OF THE CHURCH

Textbook section 15.5

RELIGION IN THE MIDDLE AGES

• Pope head of Roman Catholic Church• Became a strong political

figure in Middle Ages

• Religion touched all aspects of life (unifying agent)• Influence of church

increases dramatically around 1000• Great upwelling in piety

(devotion to church)

GROWTH OF PAPAL POWER• Popes had little authority in

900s and 1000s• Not well regarded• Few popes devoted to religion

• Many believed that church had become corrupt• Called for reform• Popes began excommunicating

bad bishops• No greater punishment (HELL)

• Leo IX seen as great reformer, strong pope• Excommunicated patriarch of

Constantinople in 1054• Led to Great Schism

• Popes began to gain political and economic influence

CONFLICT OVER BISHOPS• Kings chose most of the bishops who served

in their lands• Reform popes thought that clergy (church

leaders) alone should choose religious officials• Pope Gregory VII vs. Emperor Henry IV• Henry chose bishop that Gregory didn’t like,

removed him• Henry threatened Gregory, Gregory

excommunicated Henry• Henry apologized, Gregory forgave, continued to

fight over bishops

How did Gregory’s and Henry’s views of the papacy differ? How did each man’s view relate to his own position?

CHANGES IN MONASTICISM• Monasticism began to

lose a lot of its discipline• Became more political,

less religious• Monks in Cluny, France

began to choose their own abbot (monastery leader) and return to strict Benedictine rule• Cistercian monks even

stricter• Lived like hermits

FEUDALISM AND MANORIAL SYSTEM

• Complete the walk-around from Friday•When you’re finished, write a letter to King John of England as though you were one of his advisors. In your letter, you must advise him either to accept or reject Magna Carta. Remember to use logical reasons to support your position.