Khilji dynasty

KHILJI DYNASTY . Jalaluddin Khilji established Khilji

dynasty. The founder of Turkish dynasty, Jalaluddin Khilji was seventy when he ascended the throne. He defeated the descendants of Balban, being victorious came to power. He was kind hearted, mild and had faith in nature. Alauddin-khilji ascended the throne after killing his uncle and father-in-law, jalaluddin-khilji. --Arabic calligraphy during khilji dynasty. Alai Darwaza--

History Khiliji dynasty, (1290–1320), the second ruling family of

the Muslim sultanate of Delhi. This dynasty, like the previous Slave dynasty, was of Turkish origin, though the Khaljī tribe had long been settled in Afghanistan. Its three kings were noted for their faithlessness, their ferocity, and their penetration of the Hindu south.

The first Khaljī sultan, Jalāl al-Dīn Fīrūz Khaljī, was established by a noble faction on the collapse of the last feeble Slave king, Kay-Qubādh. Jalāl al-Dīn was already elderly, and for a time he was so unpopular, because his tribe was thought to be Afghan, that he dared not enter the capital. His nephew Jūnā Khan led an expedition into the Hindu Deccan, captured Ellichpur and its treasure, and returned to murder his uncle in 1296.

Name Picture Reign started Reign ended

Jalal ud din Firuz KhiljiSultan

1290 1296

Alauddin KhiljiSultan 1296 1316

Qutb ud din Mubarak Shah

Sultan

1316 1320

List of Khilji rulers of Delhi (1290-1320)

Khilji Sultans of Malwa (1436-1531)•Mahmud Khilji (1436–1469)•Ghiyas ud din Khilji (1469–1500)

Cultural achievements and religious propagation

The main court language of Khiljis became Persian followed by Arabic and their own native Turkoman language and some of north-Indian dialects.

Even if it was not related with their nature as original nomads and had no ties with urbane cultures and civilizations, the Khilji of Delhi promoted Persian language to a high degree.

Such a co-existence of different languages gave birth to the earliest and archaic version of Urdu.

According to Ibn Battuta, the Khiljis encouraged conversion to Islam by making it a custom to have the convert presented to the Sultan who would place a robe on the convert and award him with bracelets of gold During Ikhtiyar Uddin Bakhtiyar Khilji's control of the Bengal, Muslim missionaries in India achieved their greatest success, in terms of number of converts to Islam

Architecture & Arts Islamic architecture in India was introduced by Qutb-ud-din

Aibak in 1191, the first Slave King from the Slave dynasty. He was the most active patron of the building art and his

constructions were of the greatest significance in laying the foundations of the style.

Later the tradition of the Islami c architecture was followed and continued by the Khalji

dynasty. Architecture during Khalji dynasty was a lot contoured by Ala-ud-din Khalji. He reconstructed the Qutb mosque erected by his predecessors.

He extended its northern end and raised a colossal minar. The proportion of the minar was double, compared to those of the one set up by the Slave Kings a century before.

The main walls of the mosque are still visible; however, most of its parts are present with its huge core of rubble.

Siri Fort

Siri Fort

The city of Siri was the second city of Delhi built by Ala-ud-din Khilji in 1311 AD. The fort had the Palace of Thousand Pillars, which is now in ruins. Only the embattlements have left of the entire fort. The story goes that Ala-ud-din got the heads of the infidels whom he had got killed dug in the foundation of the fort. The fort thus got its name as the Siri Fort. But there is no supporting evidence to believe this story. Ala-ud-din built a vast water reservoir, Hauz-I-Shamsi in the present Hauz Khas area to have a continuous supply of water in the city.

Kotla Firoz Shah or Firuzabad

Kotla Firoz Shah or Firuzabad

Firoz Shah built a new capital city on the banks of the River Yamuna in 1351 AD and called it Firuzabad. The architecture of the fort was fairly simple and straightforward. The city had three palaces and a citadel known as Firoz Shah Kotla. The king's as well as his wive's quarters were situated along the riverfront. The structures within the enclosure walls of the fort were barracks, armories, servant's rooms, halls for audience, an imposing mosque as well as public and private baths and a stepped well or baoli. An Ashokan pillar brought from Topara, Ambala was mounted on top of a pyramidal three-tiered construction.

The Red Fort or Lal Qila

The Red Fort or Lal Qila

The Red Fort or Lal Qila was the part of the city of Shahjahanabad. The fort was started in 1638 AD and completed in 1648 AD by Shahjahan. It is built of red sandstone and has turrets and bastions. The fort is surrounded by a moat in the northeast corner of the city. The wall is two km long and varies in height from 18 m on the riverfront to 33 m in the city.

The fort contains all the important buildings of Mughal government like the Halls of Public and Private Audience Diwan-I-Aam and Diwan-I-Khas, marble palaces, private apartments, a mosque and elaborately designed gardens. It was attacked by the Persian Emperor Nadir Shah in 1739 AD and by the British soldiers during the war of independence in 1857.

A GRAND GATEWAY

A GRAND GATEWAY The Alai Darwaza is a magnificent gateway

built by Ala-ud-din Khilji of the Delhi Sultanate, having exquisite inlaid marble decorations and latticed stone screens. It highlights the remarkable artisanship of Turkish and local artisans who worked on it. The Alai Darwaza was an important part of the project undertaken by Ala-ud-din Khilji in his quest to decorate the Qutab complex.

ALAI DARWAZA

ALAI DARWAZA

The Alai Darwaza is a perfect specimen of architecture belonging to the period of the Delhi Sultanate. It was built in 1311, by Ala-ud-din-Khilji, of the Khilji dynasty (which ruled the Delhi Sultanate from AD 1290 to AD 1316). The Alai Darwaza was a part of Ala-ud-din-Khilji's extension of the Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque. It was one of the four grand gateways; the other three could not be completed because of the death of Ala-ud-din in AD 1316.

The main structure of the Alai Darwaza consists of a single hall 34 feet on the inside and 56feet on the outside. The domed ceiling rises to a height of 47 feet. The three doorways on the east, west, and south are lofty pointed arches, in the shape of a horseshoe, which rise above the flanking side bays. The entrance to the north is of an indigenous character, as its arch is semi-circular in shape. The overall outlook and proportions of the Alai Darwaza is pleasing to the eye. The recessed corner arches of the attractive horseshoe forms, supporting a simple spherical dome on top of the square chamber, are an especially happy solution to the perpetual problem of supporting a good dome. It would be well worth noting that the earlier attempts at raising the dome, particularly the tomb of Iltutmish, had been unsuccessful. The dome of the Alai Darwaza, in this respect, is a notable achievement.

PRESENTATION BY:-

CLASS :-

F.Y. B.T.T.M

NAME & ROLLNO :-

MEGHA JAIN-13