KHE 209 GYMNASTICS
Transcript of KHE 209 GYMNASTICS
KHE 209 GYMNASTICS
MODULE 1 SKILLS DEVELOPMENT AND TECHNIQUES IN SPORTS
AND GAMES- GYMNASTICS
This module is to introduce you to gymnastics, which is important
sporting activity. You will learn about the history and development of
gymnastics as well as forms of gymnastics activities. You will also be
introduced to some gymnastics activities which you can perform on
your own or with the help of a partner (spotters).
Unit 1 History and Development of Gymnastics
Unit 2 Forms of Gymnastics Activities
Unit 3 Competitive Gymnastics and Performing Gymnastics Activities
Unit 4 Performing Gymnastics Activities
Unit 5 Performing Gymnastics Activities and Gymnastics Terminologies
UNIT 1 History and Development of Gymnastics
CONTENTS
1.0. Introduction
2.0. Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs)
3.0. Main contents
3.1. History and development of Gymnastics
3.2. Facilities, equipment and supplies for Gymnastics
4.0. Self-Assessment Exercise
5.0. Conclusion
6.0. Summary
7.0. References/Further Readings
1.0. INTRODUCTION
You have seen people performing different physical activities in order to keep
fit as well as prolong their lives. The activities may be in form of hanging on
objects like poles or rolling on the floor. All these are called gymnastic activities.
2.0. INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES
By the end of the lesson, you will be able to;
trace the history of gymnastics
list facilities and equipment used in gymnastics
3.0. MAIN CONTENTS
3.1. History and Development of gymnastics
In the ancient Greek in particular in Spartan, one of the city states where their
aim was to build man of action, gymnastics was highly important for physical
fitness. The gymnastic activities were done in gymnasium. The activities done
then included jumping, running and wrestling.
However, modern gymnastics was started by Johann Friedrich Gutsmuths and
Friedrich Ludwig Jahn who created exercises for boys and young men. The
international world ruling body for gymnastics, International Federation of
Gymnastics was formed in 1881. Gymnastic was one of the Olympic events at
the introduction of the modern Olympics in 1896. Women’s event in Olympics
started at the 1928 Olympic game in Amsterdam. An individual who performs
gymnastic activities is known as gymnast. A gymnastic activity could be
classified into floor activity and apparatus activity. It is an event that involves
balance, strength, flexibility, agility, coordination and endurance.
Gymnastics is divided into men and women activities. Women compete in four
activities which include vault, uneven bars, balance beam and floor exercises
while men compete in six events which include floor exercise, pommel horse,
still rings, vault, parallel bars and high bars.
Click on https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h89LnWlDwcQ to watch a gymnastic
game
Self Test
Briefly trace the history of gymnastics.
3.2. Facilities, Equipment and Supplies in Gymnastics
3.2.1. Facilities
Facilities in gymnastics are the non-movable, permanent, durable structures
used in gymnastics activities. They cannot be taken from one place to the other.
Examples of facilities in gymnastics include the gymnasium where gymnastics
takes place. All the structures that are fixed to the floor, wall or ceiling that
cannot be moved from one place to the other are also facilities. Apart from the
gymnasium, other facilities include uneven bars, horizontal bars and parallel
bars, single bar trainer, balance beam, rings, and others.
Fig. 1.1: A Gymnasium
Source:https://www.harperhawks.net/sports/2019/8/8/gymnasium.aspx?path=general
3.2.2.Equipment
Equipment in gymnastics are movable durable materials that are used for
gymnastics. These materials can be transferred from one place to the other.
Examples of equipment in gymnastics are vaulting box, spring board, choco
vault table, horse, sportswear, gymnastic mats, side horse and others.
3.2.3.Supplies
Supplies in gymnastics are also equipment but they are materials that can be
used and discarded. They are therefore called consumable materials. Examples
of supplies in gymnastics are powder used by the gymnasts to rub the palm for
firm grasp of the equipment when holding them.
4.0. SELF-ASSESSMENT EXERCISE Explain facilities, equipment and supplies in gymnastics and give one example of
each.
5.0. CONCLUSION
In this unit, you have been introduced to gymnastics. You have also learnt about
the facilities, equipment and supplies in gymnastics.
6.0. SUMMARY
In this unit, you have learnt the history of gymnastics and where gymnastics
activities are done, that is, gymnasium. You also learnt that gymnastics was
part of the sports featured during the modern Olympic Game. You have also
been exposed to different types of facilities, equipment and supplies in
gymnastics.
7.0. REFERENCES/FURTHER READINGS
Babalola, J.F. (2010). Handbook of practical physical education. Ibadan:
OBK International Press.
Omughene, C.O (1988). P.E for Junior Secondary School. Benin City: Ambik
https://gymnatvishq.com.glos
UNIT 2 FORMS OF GYMNASTICS
1.0. Introduction
2.0. Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs)
3.0. Main Contents
3.1. Classes of Gymnastics
3.2. Vault
4.0. Self-Assessment Exercise
5.0. Conclusion
6.0. Summary
7.0. References/Further Readings
1.0. INTRODUCTION
You have seen children performing physical activities that involve tumbling
and vaulting before but may not know that they are gymnastic activities. In
this unit, you will be introduced to the process of performing such activities
either on the floor or on apparatus.
2.0. INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES (ILOs)
By the end of the lesson, you will be able to;
compare the two major classes of gymnastics
explain the activities under each class
enumerate the objectives of gymnastics
highlight the values of gymnastics
3.0. MAIN CONTENTS
3.1. CLASSES
Generally, gymnastics activities can be classified into two parts; the floor activities
and the apparatus activities.
3.1.1. Floor Activities
Floor activities are the activities that are done on the floor without the use of any
instrument or apparatus. Some of the floor activities can be done individually while
others can be done with partners or groups. Those done individually are called
individual activities while the other is known as group activities. The individual floor
events include forward roll, backward roll, hand stand, head stand, angle head stand,
centre wheel, elbow balancing, hand spring, somersaulting, hand walking. On the
other hand, floor activities that can be done with partners include fireman lifting,
wheel barrow, head stand with support, kangaroo jump. jump.
3.1.2. Apparatus Activities
Apparatus activities are the activities that are done on apparatus either improvised
or real apparatus. The apparatus used in gymnastics include parallel bars, horizontal
bars, beam, pommel horse, the ring, trampoline, ropes. Activities that can be done
with these apparatuses include; vaulting, tumbling, balancing, chin up. chin up.
3.2. Objectives and Purpose of Gymnastics
The objectives of performing gymnastic activities include;
a. To train the individual the process of balancing the body during body
movements.
b. To enable participants gain strength and stability.
c. To develop agility and mobility.
d. To teach falling and landing without injury during sudden falls.
e. To develop confidence in the performers.
f. To improve the muscular system.
g. To develop physical fitness
3.3. Values of Gymnastics Activities
The following are the vales of participating gymnastics activities.
a. Helps in the development of the muscles of the body
b. Aids good body posture
c. Helps in the development of power and increase agility
d. Develops sense of appreciation
e. Helps in developing sense control
f. Helps in developing proper balancing
4.0 SELF-ASSESSMENT EXERCISE
i. Outline the objectives and purpose of gymnastics
ii. What are the values of participating in gymnastic activities?
iii. What are the major classes of gymnastics?
iv. List five examples each of floor activities and apparatus activities.
v. List five gymnastics apparatus.
5.0. CONCLUSION
As a beginner this unit has been able to introduce you to the major
classifications of gymnastic activities as well as the objectives and values of
gymnastics.
6.0. SUMMARY
In this unit, you have learnt that gymnastics can generally be divided into two
parts which are floor activities and apparatus activities. You were able to
identify some examples of both floor and apparatus activities. Finally, you
were able to learn about the objectives and values of gymnastic activities.
7.0. REFERENCES/ FURTHER READINGS
Babalola J.F. (2010). Handbook of practical physical education. Ibadan: OBK
International Press.
Ekperigin, H.J., & Uti J.O. (1971). A handbook of physical education. Ibadan:
Machmillian
https://gymnatvishq.com.glos
UNIT 3 COMPETITIVE GYMNASTIC AND PERFORMING
GYMNASTIC ACTIVITIES
1.0. Introduction
2.0. Intended Learning Outcome (ILOs)
3.0. Main Contents
3.1. Classes of Competitive Gymnastic
3.2. Participating in Gymnastic
4.0. Self-Assessment Exercise
5.0. Conclusion
6.0. Summary
7.0. References/ Further Readings
1.0. INTRODUCTION
In the previous unit, you have learnt the major classification of gymnastic, the
objectives of participating in gymnastics and the values of gymnastics. In this
unit, you will learn about competitive gymnastics. You will also be introduced
to the process of performing some other activities.
2.0. INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOME (ILOs)
By the end of the lesson, you will be able to;
identify the different classes of competitive gymnastics
perform some floor activities like forward roll, backward roll and head stand
3.0. MAIN CONTENTS
3.1. Classes of Competitive Gymnastics
Gymnastic activities are governed by the laws of Federation of International
Gymnastics (FIG). Under this law, gymnastic activities are classified as
artistic gymnastics, rhythmic gymnastics, trampoline sports and acrobatic and
aerobic gymnastics. The most popular among these is the artistic gymnastic
which include women and men events. Women’s events in artistic gymnastics
include participation in vault, uneven bars, beam and floor activities. On the
other hand, men’s events include participation in floor exercises, pommel
horse, still rings, vault, parallel bars and high bars. Athletes either male or
female at international levels are to perform different activities (compulsory
and optional) at different stage
3.2. Participating in Gymnastic Activities – Floor Activities
1. Cart Wheel
Skill Teaching
a. Stand straight in astride position
b. Spread out the arms sideways looking straight forward
c. Rock to the left and right and spring towards the side landing with
hand.
d. Land back on the legs
2. Head Stand
a. Stand in astride position
b. Place your two palms on the floor
c. Bend down and place the forehead on the floor to make a form of tripod
or triangle on the floor
d. Gradually remove the two feet from the floor and raise the legs up
straight in the air.
Self Test
Try to practice the gymnastic skills with partners
4.0. SELF-ASSESSMENT EXERCISE
i. List the different events in competitive gymnastics.
ii. What are the events of female in artistic gymnastics.
iii. Elaborate on the events of male in artistic gymnastics.
Answer
artistic gymnastics, rhythmic gymnastics, trampoline sports and
acrobatic and aerobic gymnastics
vault, uneven bars, beam and floor activities.
floor exercises, pommel horse, still rings, vault, parallel bars and high
bars
5.0. CONCLUSION
You have been able to learn the categories of competitive gymnastics and also
the process of performing floor activities in gymnastics.
6.0. SUMMARY
In this unit, you have learnt about competitive gymnastics and the events
involved for both men and women. You have also learnt the process of
performing two floor activities in gymnastics.
7.0. REFERENCES/FURTHER READINGS
Babalola J.F. (2010). Handbook of practical physical education. Ibadan: OBK
International Press.
Ekperigin, H.J., & Uti J.O. (1971). A handbook of physical education. Ibadan:
Macmillan
https://gymnatvishq.com.glos
UNIT 4 PERFORMING GYMNASTIC ACTIVITIES
1.0. Introduction
2.0. Intended Learning Outcome (ILOs)
3.0. Main Contents
3.1. Performing Gymnastic Activities – Floor Activities
3.1.1. Performing Forward Roll
3.1.2. Backward Roll
3.1.3 Hand Stand
3.2. Performing Gymnastics Activities – Apparatus Activities
4.0. Self-Assessment Exercise
5.0. Conclusion
6.0. Summary
7.0. Reference/ Further Readings
1.0. INTRODUCTION
In the previous unit, you have learnt about the classes of competitive
gymnastics and the process of performing cart wheel and head stand. In this
unit, you will learn more about the process of performing floor activities and
apparatus activities.
2.0. INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES (ILOs)
By the end of the lesson, you will be able to;
I. perform more floor activities like hand stand, forward roll, backward
roll
3.0. MAIN CONTENTS
3.1. Floor Activities
Other forms of floor activities are forward roll, backward roll, hand spring,
press ups, pushups.
3.1.1Performing Forward Roll Performing Forward Roll
Be in crouch position with the two legs opened wide mainly at shoulder width
Place two palms on the floor beside the two legs with the fingers pointing
forward
Move the body forward by transferring the body weight to the hand by
removing the legs from the floor
Roll over without allowing the head to touch the floor and the head passing
through the two hands
Complete the movement by returning to the crouch position with hands raised
up.
Be in standing position with the two legs together
Raise up the arms with the palm facing up
Bend down to crouch position and place the palm on the floor beside the legs
Tuck in the head and transfer the weight of the body to the hand
Spring up and go back to squat position without allowing the head to touch
the floor and stand up.
Be in standing position with the two legs together
Raise up the arms with the palm facing up
Bend down to crouch position and place the palm on the floor beside the legs
OR
Be in standing position with the two legs together
Raise up the arms with the palm facing up
Bend down to crouch position and place the palm on the floor beside the legs
Tuck in the head and transfer the weight of the body to the hand
Spring up and go back to squat position without allowing the head to touch
the floor and stand up
Fig. 4.1: Forward roll picture
3.1.1. Backward Roll
Be in squat position or crouch position
Raise your hands up
Bend backward and spring up pushing backward with the leg and turn
without allowing the hand to touch the floor
Return to starting position
3.1.2. Hand Stand
Raise up the hand
Move forward and place the palm on the floor and spring up the leg to
raise the two legs up
Balance on the hand and straighten the legs up.
Self Test
Practice the skill with somebody standing by your side
4.0. SELF-ASSESSMENT EXERCISE
Highlight steps involved in performing forward roll.
5.0. CONCLUSION
In this unit, you have learnt how to perform forward roll backward roll
and hand stand.
6.0. SUMMARY
This unit has given you the insight into the performance of floor
activities in gymnastics which include forward roll, backward roll and
hand stand.
7.0. REFERENCE/ FURTHER READINGS
Babalola J.F. (2010). Handbook of practical physical education.
Ibadan: OBK International Press
Ekperigin, H.J., & Uti, J.O. (1971). A handbook of physical education.
Ibadan: Macmillan
https://gymnatvishq.com.glos
UNIT 5 PERFORMING GYMNASTIC ACTIVITIES AND
TERMINOLOGIES
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Intended Learning Objectives (ILOs)
3.0 Main Contents
3.1 Apparatus Activities
3.2 Terminologies in Gymnastics
4.0. Self-Assessment Exercise
5.0. Conclusion
6.0. Summary
7.0. References/ Further Readings
1.0. INTRODUCTION
In the last unit, you learnt about the process of performing floor activities
like forward roll, backward roll and head stand which are floor activities.
In this unit, you are going to learn about apparatus activities and
terminologies in gymnastics.
2.0. INTENDED LEARNING OBJECTIVES (ILOs)
By the end of this lesson, you will be able to;
perform some apparatus activities like chin up, monkey somersault,
hanging on balancing beam and unbalanced beam
list some terminologies associated with gymnastics
3.0. MAIN CONTENTS
3.1. Apparatus Activities
Apparatus activities are the gymnastic activities that are performed on
gymnastic apparatus like horse, rings, balance beam, uneven parallel bar
and others to list a few. Gymnastic activities that can be carried out on
these apparatus include; chin up, hanging with one hand, balancing on
parallel bars, vaulting box, gymnastic mats.
3.1.1 Chin up
This is performed as follows;
Put your hands at shoulder width on the cross bar of horizontal and
parallel bars with your palm facing you
hang on the bars by remove the two feet from the floor
rise until your head is above the cross bars and the chin touches the bar
hang there and count 1-51-5..
3.1.2 Monkey Hang
To perform monkey hang, follow the coaching points
Put your hands on the cross bar by placing your palm on it in such a
way that your palm is facing the cross bar
remove your legs from the floor and allow it to touch the cross bar.
At this point, your two legs should be in between the two hands with
the legs now placed on the cross bar.
3.1.3 Monkey Somersault
To perform monkey somersault, follow this coaching point;
Put your hands on the cross bar with your palm facing the cross bar.
hold on to the bar and move your legs up until the legs get to the cross
bar
turn by moving your leg and allow it to pass through the space created
by the hand.
turnover and return by allowing the leg to also pass through the same
space created by your two hands.
3.2. Gymnastics Terminologies
Gymnastic terminologies are the terms associated with gymnastics. The
term includes
Gymnast: This is an individual participating in gymnastic activities.
Spotter: This is an individual who gives support to a person performing
usually begin gymnastic activities to prevent accident.
Spotting: This is the process of giving support to an individual
performing gymnastic activities.
Gymnasium: This is an indoor hall where gymnastic activities are
performed
Chalk: This is used in rubbing the hand so that gymnasts could have firm
grips of apparatus
Grips: These are leather straps worn by gymnasts in order to have firm
grips of the apparatus.
Self Test
Try to practice some apparatus activities.
4.0 SELF-ASSESSMENT EXERCISE
i. List some apparatus activities.
ii. List and explain any five terms used in gymnastics.
Answers
chin up, hanging with one hand, balancing on parallel bars, vaulting box, gymnastic
mats
Spotter, Chalk, Grips, Gymnasium, Gymnasts
5.0. CONCLUSION
In this unit, you have learnt some apparatus activities and the process of
performing them. You also learnt some terms used in gymnastics.
6.0. SUMMARY
This unit has exposed you to the process by which you can perform some
apparatus activities such as chin up, monkey hand and monkey
somersault. You also learnt the meaning of such terms as gymnast,
gymnasium, sporter and others
7.0. REFERENCES/ FURTHER READINGS
Babalola J.F. (2010). Handbook of practical physical education. Ibadan:
OBK International Press.
Ekpeigin, H.J., &Uti J.O. (1971). A handbook of physical education.
Ibadan: Machmillian
https://gymnatvishq.com.glos