KHDA Gems Our Own English High School 2015 2016

8/18/2019 KHDA Gems Our Own English High School 2015 2016

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2/24

BKIW Mur Mw` K`bjasd Dabd Wgdmmj - A`spkgtam` _kpmrt ?86;-?865 6

Gm`tk`ts

Wgdmmj a`emriftam` …….……………………….……..………………………………………………………………………..?

Wuiifry emr pfrk`ts f`n tdk gmiiu`aty ........................................................................................ 7

Ifa` a`spkgtam` rkpmrt ..................................................................................................................... 68

6. Wtunk`ts‑ fgdakvkik`t ...............................................................................................................................66

?. Wtunk`ts‑ pkrsm`fj f`n smgafj nkvkjmpik`t, f`n tdkar a``mvftam` scajjs ................................................6;

7. ^kfgda`b f`n fsskssik`t ...........................................................................................................................65

>. Gurragujui ....................................................................................................................................................62

;. ^dk prmtkgtam`, gfrk, buanf`gk f`n suppmrt me stunk`ts ..........................................................................64

Xrmvasam` emr stunk`ts watd spkgafj knugftam`fj `kkns f`n nasfoajataks (WK@N) ......................................61

5. Jkfnkrsdap f`n if`fbkik`t .....................................................................................................................?8

^dk vakws me tdk pfrk`ts, tkfgdkrs f`n stunk`ts .....................................................................................?7


3/24

BKIW Mur Mw` K`bjasd Dabd Wgdmmj - A`spkgtam` _kpmrt ?86;-?865 ?

Wgdmmj aèmriftam`

Bk`krfj aèmriftam`

Jmgftam`

Fj Rfrqf

^ypk me sgdmmj Xravftk

Mpkà`b ykfr me sgdmmj 6154

Rkosatk

www.bkismm-nuofa.gmi

^kjkpdm`k

8>-?75677;

Fnnrkss

XM Omx 788>, Fj Rfrqf 7, Nuofa.

Xra`gapfj

Ir. ^dmifs Iftdkw Cmagcfj

Jf`bufbk me a`strugtam`

K`bjasd

A`spkgtam` nftks

61 tm ?? Mgtmokr ?86;

Wtunk`ts

Bk`nkr me stunk`ts

Omys f`n barjs

Fbk rf`bk

>-64

Brfnks mr ykfr brmups

Ca`nkrbfrtk` 6 tm Brfnk 6?

@uiokr me stunk`ts m` rmjj

68,6>?

@uiokr me gdajnrk` a` prk-ca`nkrbfrtk`

8

@uiokr me Kiarfta stunk`ts

8

@uiokr me stunk`ts watd WK@N

;>

Jfrbkst `ftam`fjaty brmup me stunk`ts

A`naf`

@uiokr me tkfgdkrs

>>1

Jfrbkst `ftam`fjaty brmup me tkfgdkrs

A`naf`

@uiokr me tkfgda`b fssastf`ts

75

^kfgdkr-stunk`t rftam

6


4/24


Wuiifry emr pfrk`ts f`n tdk gmiiuàty

BKIW Mur Mw` K`bjasd Dabd Wgdmmj wfs a`spkgtkn oy NWAO ermi 61 tm ?? Mgtmokr ?86;. ^dk mvkrfjj qufjaty me

knugftam` prmvankn oy tdk sgdmmj wfs emu`n tm ok vkry bmmn.

A` mrnkr tm lunbk tdk mvkrfjj qufjaty me knugftam` prmvankn oy tdk sgdmmj, a`spkgtmrs gm`sankrkn sax cky stf`nfrns

me pkremrif`gk. A`spkgtmrs jmmckn ft gdajnrk`‑s fttfaìk`t f`n prmbrkss a` cky suolkgts, tdkar jkfrà`b scajjs f`n

tdkar pkrsm`fj f`n smgafj nkvkjmpik`t. ^dky lunbkn dmw keekgtavk tkfgda`b f`n tdk fsskssik`t me jkfrà`b wkrk

fgrmss tdk sgdmmj. A`spkgtmrs gm`sankrkn dmw wkjj tdk sgdmmj‑s gurragujui, a`gjuna`b fgtavataks a`sank f`n mutsank

gjfssrmmis, ikt tdk knugftam`fj `kkns me fjj gdajnrk`. ^dky lunbkn dmw wkjj tdk sgdmmj prmtkgtkn f`n suppmrtkn

gdajnrk`. A` fnnatam` a`spkgtmrs lunbkn tdk keekgtavk`kss me jkfnkrsdap f`n bmvkr`f`gk, a`gjuna`b if`fbkik`t,

stfeea`b, efgajataks f`n rksmurgks.

^dk a`spkgtam` lunbkik`ts wkrk nrfw` ermi kvank`gk bftdkrkn oy tdk a`spkgtam` tkfi, a`gjuna`b moskrva`b

gdajnrk` jkfrà`b a` jkssm`s, jmmca`b ft tdkar wmrc, tfjca`b watd gdajnrk`, ikkta`bs watd tdk stfee, pfrk`ts f`n

bmvkr`mrs, f`n rkvakwa`b tdk pfrk`ts‑, tkfgdkrs‑ f`n skàmr stunk`ts‑ survkys.

Wuiifry emr pfrk`ts f`n tdk gmiiuàty

efiajy


5/24

BKIW Mur Mw` K`bjasd Dabd Wgdmmj - A`spkgtam` _kpmrt ?86;-?865 >

Dmw wkjj nan tdk sgdmmj pkremri mvkrfjj=

Mvkrfjj, BKIW Mur Mw` K`bjasd Dabd Wgdmmj prmvankn f vkry bmmn qufjaty me knugftam` emr ats stunk`ts.

F jfrbk iflmraty me stunk`ts ifnk okttkr tdf` kxpkgtkn prmbrkss gmipfrkn tm tdkar stfrta`b pma`ts.Ca`nkrbfrtk` gdajnrk` ifnk bmmn prmbrkss a` fjj suolkgts, a`gjuna`b tdk nkvkjmpik`t me tdkar K`bjasdjf`bufbk scajjs, okgfusk tdky wkrk prmvankn watd staiujfta`b tfscs. Xrmbrkss f`n fttfaìk`t a` fjjsuolkgts, kxgkpt Frfoag fs f` fnnatam`fj jf`bufbk, fgrmss fjj pdfsks me tdk sgdmmj wfs bmmn mr okttkr. A`Frfoag fs f` fnnatam`fj jf`bufbk a` praifry, iannjk f`n skgm`nfry pdfsks, at wfs fggkptfojk.

^dk aipmrtf`gk me jkfrà`b wfs rkejkgtkn a` stunk`ts‑ k`tdusafstag fttatunks, fttk`nf`gk f`n fttk`tam` tmfjj fspkgts me sgdmmj jaek. ^dky dfn f gjkfr, fbk-fpprmpraftk fpprkgaftam` me if`y fspkgts me [FK gujturk.^dk kipftdy emr pkmpjk ermi mtdkr gujturks wfs kvank`t fim`bst stunk`ts f`n stfee. Wtunk`ts jknfgtavataks tdft pmsatavkjy aipfgtkn upm` tdk jmgfj gmiiuàty.

^kfgdkrs dfn f bmmn u`nkrstf`na`b me dmw stunk`ts jkfr`kn tdrmubd fsskssik`t f`n tdky uskn tdasc`mwjknbk keekgtavkjy tm pjf` tdkar jkssm`s. ^kfgdkrs ifnk ifxaiui usk me taik tm k`surk stunk`tsjkfr`kn f rf`bk me scajjs. ̂ kfgdkrs fsckn skfrgda`b qukstam`s f`n aàtaftkn nasgussam`s tdft ifnk stunk`tstda`c fomut wdft tdky dfn jkfr`t sm tdft tdky gmujn kxpjfa` tdkar u`nkrstf`na`b a` nktfaj.

^dk ofjf`gk me c`mwjknbk, scajjs f`n u`nkrstf`na`b wfs vkry wkjj prmimtkn tdrmubd tdk a`trmnugtam` mef` mutstf`na`b rf`bk me staiujfta`b gurragujfr f`n kxtrf-gurragujfr fgtavataks. Wkàmr stunk`ts dfn f wankrf`bk me gurragujfr mptam`s tm gdmmsk ermi. Nkvkjmpik`t me tdk gurragujui tm kstfojasd ja`cs fgrmss fjjsuolkgts wfs f strk`btd.

Wtunk`ts wkrk wkjj gfrkn emr, sfekbufrnkn f`n prmtkgtkn oy f wkjj-aipjkik`tkn f`n gmiprkdk`savk gdajn

prmtkgtam` pmjagy. ^dkrk wfs keekgtavk prmimtam` me pmsatavk rkjftam`sdaps f`n dkfjtdy jaekstyjks. F gjkfr f`n gdfjjk`ba`b vasam` wfs prmimtkn oy tdk kxkgutavk pra`gapfj. ̂ dk strm`b emgus me tdk jkfnkrsdap,

watd tdk gmjjkgtavk k`tdusafsi me fjj stfee, sabàeagf`tjy aiprmvkn tdk qufjaty me jkfrà`b, tkfgda`b f`nstunk`t prmbrkss tdrmubdmut tdk sgdmmj. Xfrk`tfj k`bfbkik`t wfs f strm`b ekfturk me tdk sgdmmj. ^dksgdmmj dfn rkspm`nkn wkjj tm tdk prkvamus a`spkgtam` oy fnnrkssa`b fjj tdk rkgmiik`nftam`s.

Rdft nan tdk sgdmmj nm wkjj=

^dkrk wfs mutstf`na`b prmbrkss a` K`bjasd, iftdkiftags f`n sgak`gk a` tdk skgm`nfry pdfsk. Wtunk`ts nkim`strftkn kxgkjjk`t okdfvamur f`n fttatunks tm jkfrà`b. ̂ dky dfn f vkry strm`b fpprkgaftam`,

c`mwjknbk f`n u`nkrstf`na`b me tdk dkratfbk, vfjuks f`n fsparftam`s me tdk pkmpjk me tdk [àtkn FrfoKiarftks.

Wtunk`ts dfn fggkss tm f staiujfta`b, k`df`gkn f`n aiprmvkn gurragujui tdft k`surkn eujj k`bfbkik`tf`n gdfjjk`bk emr imst stunk`ts.

^dkrk wkrk mutstf`na`b dkfjtd f`n sfekty frrf`bkik`ts wdagd gm`traoutkn tm f vkry sfek f`n skgurkk`varmìk`t emr jkfrà`b.

^dkrk wfs vkry gjkfr gmiiatik`t, vasam` f`n strm`b sk`sk me purpmsk oy tdk sgdmmj‑s jkfnkrs ft fjj jkvkjs.

^dkrk wkrk kxgkjjk`t rkjftam`sdaps watda` tdk sgdmmj gmiiuàty wdagd a`gjunkn f dabdjy suppmrtavk,gmiiattkn f`n a`vmjvkn pfrk`t omny.


6/24

BKIW Mur Mw` K`bjasd Dabd Wgdmmj - A`spkgtam` _kpmrt ?86;-?865 ;

Rdft nmks tdk sgdmmj `kkn tm nm `kxt=

Fggkjkrftk prmbrkss a` Frfoag fs f` fnnatam`fj jf`bufbk oy<m k`sura`b tkfgdkrs gm`sastk`tjy prkpfrk f`n pjf` jkssm`s tdft gdfjjk`bk stunk`ts me fjj foajataks

m aiprmva`b tdk fggurfgy f`n usk me prmbrkss nftf sm tdft imrk jkssm`s prmvank tfscs tdft iftgdstunk`ts‑ foajataks f`n prmvank gdfjjk`bk

m grkfta`b spkgaeag mppmrtuàtaks watda` tdk Frfoag gurragujui emr stunk`ts tm spkfc f`n wratk a`Frfoag.

A`grkfsk tdk ùiokr me vkry bmmn f`n mutstf`na`b jkssm`s oy k`sura`b kxpkgtftam`s frk dabd a` fjjsuolkgts.

Aiprmvk tkfgda`b f`n jkfrà`b a` tdk Ca`nkrbfrtk` f`n praifry pdfsks oy<

m

prmvana`b naeekrk`taftkn fgtavataks wdagd iftgd tdk `kkns me fjj foajaty brmups a` kvkry gjfssm prmvana`b mppmrtuàtaks watda` kvkry jkssm` emr stunk`ts tm tfck rkspm`saoajaty emr tdkar jkfrà`b

m emgusa`b m` tdk nkvkjmpik`t me stunk`ts‑ jkfrà`b scajjs.

Dmw wkjj nan tdk sgdmmj prmvank emr stunk`ts watd spkgafj knugftam`fj `kkns f`n nasfoajataks=

^dk sgdmmj dfn f vkry a`gjusavk vasam` f`n ktdms, fniatta`b stunk`ts watd f rf`bk me spkgafj knugftam`fj`kkns f`n nasfoajataks (WK@N). Keekgtavk prmgknurks wkrk earijy a` pjfgk tm quagcjy ank`taey tdk naeeagujtaksf`n `kkns me stunk`ts `kw tm tdk sgdmmj, katdkr a` ca`nkrbfrtk` mr mtdkr ykfr brmups.

Wuppmrt emr tdksk stunk`ts wfs gfrkeujjy gmmrna`ftkn oy tdk spkgafj knugftam`fj `kkns nkpfrtik`t, smtdft tdkar a`navanufj fgfnkiag f`n pkrsm`fj `kkns wkrk wkjj ikt f`n imàtmrkn.

^dk gurragujui emr stunk`ts watd WK@N wfs tdmubdteujjy pjf``kn f`n imnaeakn. A`navanufj suppmrt ermispkgafjast stfee dkjpkn tm kquap stunk`ts watd kssk`tafj ofsag scajjs f`n jaek scajjs. Fjtdmubd tdk iflmratyme tkfgdkrs wkrk fojk tm tdkar imnaey jkssm`s fpprmpraftkjy, k`foja`b stunk`ts tm ifck bmmn prmbrkssf`n ekkj suggksseuj, tdas wfs stajj `mt sm a` fjj gjfssks.

Xfrk`ts wkrk wkjj aèmrikn f`n a`vmjvkn watd tdkar gdajnrk`‑s jkfrà`b f`n tdk spkgafj suppmrt tdkyrkgkavkn. ^dky wkrk dfppy watd tdk fgfnkiag f`n smgafj prmbrkss tdkar gdajnrk` dfn ifnk f`n brftkeuj

emr tdk if`y mppmrtuàtaks tdk sgdmmj prmvankn. Fs f rksujt me tdk sgdmmj‑s strm`b suppmrt, imst stunk`ts ifnk bmmn prmbrkss fbfa`st tdkar a`navanufj

tfrbkts, f`n tdk iflmraty fjsm sdmwkn okttkr tdf` kxpkgtkn prmbrkss. A` Brfnk 68 kxfis, stunk`ts watdWK@N usufjjy fttfa`kn ft jkfst kxpkgtkn jkvkjs a` tdk gmrk kxfi suolkgts f`n tdas wfs bmmn prmbrkssermi tdkar stfrta`b pma`ts.

http://www.freepik.com/index.php?goto=27&url_download=aHR0cDovL3d3dy5mbGF0aWNvbi5jb20vZnJlZS1pY29uL2dhbWVzLXBsYXllci11cGdyYWRpbmctbGV2ZWwtc3ltYm9sXzQxNDIx&opciondownload=318&id=aHR0cDovL3d3dy5mbGF0aWNvbi5jb20vZnJlZS1pY29uL2dhbWVzLXBsYXllci11cGdyYWRpbmctbGV2ZWwtc3ltYm9sXzQxNDIx&fileid=728424


7/24


@ftam`fj Fbk`nf Xfrfiktkr

A` ?86>, D.D. Wdkacd Imdfiikn Oa` _fsdan Fj Ifctmui, Uagk-Xrksank`t f`n Xraik

Iaàstkr me [FK, f`n _ujkr me Nuofa, jfu`gdkn tdk [FK @ftam`fj Fbk`nf ?8?6, watd

knugftam` oka`b f praik emgus. ^dk @ftam`fj Fbk`nf a`gjunks twm iflmr molkgtavksnkvkjmpkn watd tdk a`tk`t me pjfga`b tdk [FK fim`b tdk imst suggksseuj gmu`traks tdft

prmvank wmrjn-gjfss knugftam`. Oy ?8?6, at as kxpkgtkn tdft tdk [FK wajj ekfturk a` tdk tmp

twk`ty gmu`traks a` tdk —Xrmbrfiik emr A`tkr`ftam`fj Wtunk`t Fsskssik`t‑ (XAWF) tkst f`n

a` tdk tmp eaetkk` gmu`traks a` tdk —^rk`ns a` Iftdkiftags f`n Wgak`gk Wtunaks‑ (ÂIWW)

tkst.

A` rkspm`sk tm tdas, kfgd pfrtagapfta`b sgdmmj wfs assukn f rkpmrt m` tdkar stunk`ts‑ pkremrif`gk a` tdkska`tkr`ftam`fj fsskssik`ts f`n a` fnnatam`, tdky wkrk prmvankn watd gjkfr tfrbkts emr aiprmva`b tdkar pkremrif`gk.^das fgfnkiag ykfr, CDNF a`trmnugkn tdk @ftam`fj Fbk`nf Xfrfiktkr, wdagd as f iktdmn emr ikfsura`b f`n

imàtmra`b sgdmmjs‑ prmbrkss tmwfrns fgdakva`b tdkar a`navanufj @ftam`fj Fbk`nf tfrbkts tdmubd tdk usk mekxtkr`fj ok`gdifrca`b fsskssik`ts.

Ifa` pma`ts<

^dk sgdmmj ikt tdk rkbastrftam` rkquarkik`ts me tdk @ftam`fj Fbk`nf Xfrfiktkr. @m fttfaìk`t nftf ermitdk @ftam`fj Fbk`nf Xfrfiktkr wfs fvfajfojk ft tdas stfbk tm ifck f lunbkik`t m` prmbrkss ifnktmwfrns @ftam`fj Fbk`nf tfrbkts.

^dkrk wfs f gjkfr u`nkrstf`na`b oy stunk`ts, tkfgdkrs, pfrk`ts, tdk sgdmmj if`fbkik`t f`n bmvkr`mrsme tdk aipmrtf`gk me tdk nkvkjmpik`t me tdk scajjs rkquarkn tm fnvf`gk tdk @ftam`fj Fbk`nf.

^dk gurragujui a` iftdkiftags f`n sgak`gk a`gjunkn f` kipdfsas m` tdk fspkgts me qukstamà`b, gratagfj

tda`ca`b f`n prmojki smjva`b wdagd prmimtk dabdkr jkvkj tda`ca`b, a` ja`k watd tdk @ftam`fjFbk`nf. ^dkrk wfs brkftkr kipdfsas a` K`bjasd m` gmiprkdk`sam`. A` fjj tdrkk suolkgts sy t̀dksas,f`fjysas, kxpjf`ftam` f`n kxpjmrftam`, fs wkjj fs rkfsmà`b f`n rkskfrgd, dfn okgmik ekfturks me tdkgurragujui.

^kfgdkrs aipjkik`tkn f rf`bk me fbk-fpprmpraftk strftkbaks tm nkvkjmp gratagfj tda`ca`b. ^das jkn tm imrkkeekgtavk qukstamà`b scajjs a` tdk ymu`bkr gjfssks, f`n k`df`gkn gratagfj tda`ca`b f`n a`quary scajjs a` tdkmjnkr gjfssks.

Wtunk`ts a` tdk iannjk f`n dabd sgdmmj pdfsks uskn tkgd`mjmby watd efiajafraty f`n kfsk, a`nkpk`nk`tjyemjjmwa`b tdrmubd m` rkskfrgd mr a`quary. Fjj stunk`ts uskn ommcs, AG^ f`n mtdkr rksmurgks emr a`nkpk`nk`trkskfrgd.


8/24


A``mvftam` a` knugftam`

^dk [FK Uasam` ?8?6 skts mut tdk @ftam`fj Fbk`nf emr tdk [FK tm ok fim`b tdk imsta``mvftavk `ftam`s a` tdk wmrjn. ^dk @ftam`fj A``mvftam` Wtrftkby skts tdk gm`tkxt emr

—a``mvftam`‑ f`n —a``mvftavk jkfnkrsdap‑. At prmvanks f ofsas emr kvfjufta`b puojag f`n pravftksgdmmjs a` mrnkr tm nkjavkr f wmrjn-gjfss knugftam` emr fjj gdajnrk` a` tdk [FK.

A``mvftam` as nravk` oy f gmiiatik`t tm kxgkjjk`gk f`n gm`taùmus aiprmvkik`t. At as ofsknm` guramsaty, tdk wajja`b`kss tm tfck rascs, tm kxpkraik`t f`n tm tkst fssuiptam`s fs wkjj fsqukstamà`b f`n gdfjjk`ba`b tdk stftus qum. Oka`b a``mvftavk as fomut jmmca`b okym`n wdftwk gurrk`tjy nm wkjj, ank`taeya`b tdk brkft ankfs me tmimrrmw f`n putta`b tdki a`tm prfgtagk.

Xrmimta`b f gujturk me a``mvftam`<

Wgdmmj jkfnkrs ft fjj jkvkjs, a`gjuna`b tdk a``mvftam` gmmrna`ftmr, wkrk sabàeagf`tjy gmiiattkn tm tdas`ftam`fj pramraty. ^dkrk wfs f tf`baojk gujturk me a``mvftam` tdrmubdmut tdk sgdmmj, nkvkjmpkn mvkr tdk

prkvamus tdrkk ykfrs. ^dk sgdmmj ifnk a``mvftavk usk me a`tkr`fj f`n kxtkr`fj spfgks. ^dksk a`gjunkn tdkusk me dfjjwfy 'àgdks', prmvasam` me f nknagftkn rkskfrgd f`n nkvkjmpik`t rmmi fs f` a``mvftam` duo,f`n gm`vkrsam` me mutnmmr spfgks emr fbragujturk f`n dynrmpmàgs purpmsks. A``mvftam` scajjs wkrk kvank`tfgrmss tdk gurragujui, wdagd wfs k`df`gkn oy tdk if`y kxtrf-gurragujfr prmlkgts.


9/24


Mvkrfjj sgdmmj pkremrif`gk

Ukry bmmn

CB Xraifry Iannjk Wkgm`nfry

Jkfrà`b scajjs

Bmmn Bmmn Ukry bmmn Ukry bmmn

6.

Wtunk`ts‑ fgdakvkik`t

CB

Xraifry

Iannjk

Wkgm`nfry

Asjfiag knugftam`

Fttfaìk`t @mt fppjagfojk Bmmn Bmmn Bmmn

Xrmbrkss

@mt fppjagfojk Bmmn Bmmn Bmmn

Frfoag fs f earst

jf`bufbk

Fttfaìk`t @mt fppjagfojk @mt fppjagfojk @mt fppjagfojk @mt fppjagfojk

Xrmbrkss

@mt fppjagfojk @mt fppjagfojk @mt fppjagfojk @mt fppjagfojk

Frfoag fs f`

fnnatam`fj jf`bufbk

Fttfaìk`t

@mt fppjagfojk Fggkptfojk Fggkptfojk Fggkptfojk

Xrmbrkss @mt fppjagfojk Fggkptfojk Fggkptfojk Fggkptfojk

K`bjasd

Fttfaìk`t

Bmmn Ukry bmmn Mutstf`na`b Mutstf`na`b

Xrmbrkss

Bmmn Mutstf`na`b Mutstf`na`b Mutstf`na`b

Iftdkiftags

Fttfaìk`t

Bmmn Bmmn Ukry bmmn Mutstf`na`b

Xrmbrkss Bmmn Bmmn Ukry bmmn Mutstf`na`b

Wgak`gk

Fttfaìk`t

Bmmn Bmmn Ukry bmmn Mutstf`na`b

Xrmbrkss

Bmmn Bmmn Mutstf`na`b Mutstf`na`b


10/24


?. Wtunk`ts‑ pkrsm`fj f`n smgafj nkvkjmpik`t f`n tdkar a``mvftam` scajjs


Xkrsm`fj nkvkjmpik`t Ukry bmmn Mutstf`na`b Mutstf`na`b Mutstf`na`b

[`nkrstf`na`b me Asjfiag vfjuks

f`n fwfrk`kss me Kiarfta f`n

wmrjn gujturks


Wmgafj rkspm`saoajaty f`n a``mvftam`

scajjs


7. ^kfgda`b f`n fsskssik`t


^kfgda`b emr keekgtavk jkfrà`b Bmmn Bmmn Ukry bmmn Ukry bmmn

Fsskssik`t

Bmmn Bmmn Ukry bmmn

Ukry bmmn

>. Gurragujui


Gurragujui nksab` f`n

aipjkik`tftam`

Bmmn Ukry bmmn Ukry bmmn Ukry bmmn

Gurragujui fnfptftam`


;. ^dk prmtkgtam`, gfrk, buanf`gk f`n suppmrt me stunk`ts


Dkfjtd f`n sfekty, a`gjuna`b

frrf`bkik`ts emr gdajn prmtkgtam` /

sfekbufrna`b

Mutstf`na`b Mutstf`na`b Mutstf`na`b Mutstf`na`b

Gfrk f`n suppmrt

Bmmn Bmmn Bmmn Bmmn

5. Jkfnkrsdap f`n if`fbkik`t

Fjj pdfsks

^dk keekgtavk`kss me jkfnkrsdap Ukry bmmn

Wgdmmj skje-kvfjuftam` f`n aiprmvkik`t

pjf`à`b

Ukry bmmn

Xfrk`ts f`n tdk gmiiuàty Ukry bmmn

Bmvkr`f`gk Ukry bmmn

If`fbkik`t, stfeea`b, efgajataks f`n rksmurgks Ukry bmmn


11/24


Ifa` a`spkgtam` rkpmrt

^dk Nuofa Wgdmmjs A`spkgtam` Ourkfu (NWAO) as rkspm`saojk emr a`spkgta`b f`n rkpmrta`b m` tdk stf`nfrns

rkfgdkn oy stunk`ts f`n tdk qufjaty me knugftam` prmvankn a` Nuofa‑s pravftk sgdmmjs.

Lunbkik`ts frk ifnk m` f sax-pma`t sgfjk

[sa`b tdas sgfjk, tdk Ifa` a`spkgtam` rkpmrt gm`tfa`s tdk lunbkik`ts fomut tdk naeekrk`t fspkgts,

pdfsks f`n suolkgts tdft emri tdk wmrc me tdk sgdmmj.

At prmvanks tdk rkfsm`s emr tdk f`swkrs tm tdk qukstam`s a` tdk Wuiifry emr pfrk`ts f`n tdk

gmiiu`aty <

Dmw wkjj nan tdk sgdmmj pkremri mvkrfjj=

Rdft nan tdk sgdmmj nm wkjj=

Rdft nmks tdk sgdmmj `kkn tm nm `kxt=

Ukry wkfc Rkfc Fggkpfojk Bmmn Ukry bmmn Mutstf`na`b

Ifa` a`spkgtam` rkpmrt


12/24


6. Wtunk`ts‑ fgdakvkik`t

CB

Wuolkgts Fttfaìk`t Xrmbrkss

Asjfiag knugftam` @mt fppjagfojk @mt fppjagfojk

Frfoag fs f earst jf`bufbk

@mt fppjagfojk @mt fppjagfojk

Frfoag fs f` fnnatam`fj jf`bufbk @mt fppjagfojk @mt fppjagfojk

K`bjasd

Bmmn Bmmn

Iftdkiftags

Bmmn Bmmn

Wgak`gk Bmmn Bmmn

Gdajnrk` ifnk bmmn prmbrkss a` tdk nkvkjmpik`t me tdkar K`bjasd jf`bufbk scajjs. ^dky gmujn spkfc a`gjkfr, brfiiftagfjjy gmrrkgt sk`tk`gks, dfn nkvkjmpkn f bmmn rf`bk me wmrns a` tdkar vmgfoujfry f`nwrmtk `kftjy a` saipjk sk`tk`gks.

A` iftdkiftags imst jkssm`s wkrk wkjj pjf``kn. Gdajnrk` ifnk bmmn prmbrkss a` nkvkjmpa`b tdkar scajjsa` rkgmbàsa`b f`n usa`b ùiokrs, emria`b om`ns oktwkk` naeekrk`t ùiokrs f`n jkfrà`b fomut sdfpks.

A` sgak`gk gdajnrk` k`lmykn gfrrya`b nasgmvkra`b tda`bs fomut tdk rkfj wmrjn frmu`n tdki. ̂ dky fjsm emu`nkxgatkik`t a` gfrrya`b mut sifjj kxpkraik`ts f`n rkgmrna`b wdft tdky dfn emu`n mut. ^dky ifnk bmmnprmbrkss okgfusk tdky wkrk prmvankn watd staiujfta`b tfscs.

Xraifry

Wuolkgts

Fttfaìk`t Xrmbrkss

Asjfiag knugftam` Bmmn Bmmn

Frfoag fs f earst jf`bufbk

@mt fppjagfojk @mt fppjagfojk

Frfoag fs f` fnnatam`fj jf`bufbk

Fggkptfojk Fggkptfojk

K`bjasd Ukry bmmn Mutstf`na`b

Iftdkiftags

Bmmn Bmmn

Wgak`gk Bmmn Bmmn

F iflmraty me stunk`ts wkrk fojk tm kxpjfa` wkjj tdk Xajjfrs me Asjfi f`n tdk stkps me Wfjfd a` nktfaj f`n ftf okttkr tdf` kxpkgtkn jkvkj. ^dky wkrk fojk tm ikimrask sdmrt Wurfds me tdk Dmjy Vur‑f`. ^dkar prmbrkssa` u`nkrstf`na`b tdk Xajjfrs me Asjfi f`n tdk u`nkrpa`à`b imrfjs f`n vfjuks wfs strm`b. ^dkar rkgatftam`scajjs wkrk stfrta`b tm nkvkjmp.

A` Frfoag fs f` fnnatam`fj jf`bufbk, imst stunk`ts dfn strm`b jastkà`b scajjs. ^dky gmujn pjfy f` fgtavkpfrt a` sdmrt gm`vkrsftam`s usa`b tdk efiajafr prkvamusjy-jkfr`t wmrns. Wtunk`ts‑ prmbrkss wfs stkfny aàiprmva`b ank`taeagftam` me Frfoag jkttkrs f`n rkfna`b efiajafr wmrns. Jastkà`b f`n rkspm`na`b scajjs wkrkprmbrkssa`b watda` kxpkgtftam`s emr imst stunk`ts. Rrata`b scajjs wkrk u`nkrnkvkjmpkn.


13/24

BKIW Mur Mw` K`bjasd Dabd Wgdmmj - A`spkgtam` _kpmrt ?86;-?865 6?

A` K`bjasd, tkfgdkrs prmvankn stunk`ts watd if`y mppmrtuàtaks tm nkvkjmp tdkar spkfca`b f`n jastkà`bscajjs. Dabdkr-mrnkr rkfna`b scajjs wkrk oka`b nkvkjmpkn f`n stunk`ts wkrk fojk tm aèkr ermi, f`n a`tkrprktf rf`bk me tkxts. Jkssm`s wkrk kxtrkikjy wkjj pjf``kn. ̂ dk jkfrà`b molkgtavks wkrk sdfrkn watd stunk`ts3fs f rksujt tdky c`kw wdft tdky wkrk jkfrà`b, wdagd quagck`kn tdkar pfgk me jkfrà`b.

A` iftdkiftags, tdk iflmraty me stunk`ts wmrckn fomvk gurragujui stf`nfrns, pfrtagujfrjy a` tdkaru`nkrstf`na`b me ̀ uiokr f`n quf`taty, sdfpks f`n ikfsurkik`t. Wtunk`ts smjvkn prmojkis m` tdkar mw`mr a` brmups. Wmik stunk`ts wkrk ckk` tm tfck m` gdfjjk`bks f`n sdmwkn gjkfr u`nkrstf`na`b meùikragfj prmgkssks. ^dky suiifraskn tdkar jkfrà`b vkry wkjj f`n kxpjfa`kn at tm mtdkrs. Wtunk`ts wkrknkvkjmpa`b tdk foajaty tm fsc bmmn qukstam`s, f`n tm rkfsm`. ^dky k`lmykn fgtavk tfscs a` iftdkiftags,a`gjuna`b tdmsk usa`b AG^. ^dk iflmraty me stunk`ts ifnk okttkr tdf` kxpkgtkn prmbrkss a` a`tkr`fj tksta`bfs gmipfrkn tm tdkar stfrta`b pma`ts. Xrmbrkss a` jkssm`s a` rkjftam` tm tdk jkfrà`b molkgtavks wfsgm`sastk`tjy bmmn emr tdk iflmraty me stunk`ts, a`gjuna`b naeekrk`t brmups watda` kfgd gjfss.

Wtunk`ts fgdakvkn bmmn stf`nfrns a` sgak`gk fs imst me tdki fgquarkn rkjkvf`t prfgtagfj f`n a`quasatavksgak`taeag scajjs tdrmubd tdkar a`vmjvkik`t a` fbk-rkjftkn kxpkraik`tfj prmgkssks. Wtunk`ts prmbrkssavkjy

ouajt m` tdkar kfrjy smu`n c`mwjknbk f`n u`nkrstf`na`b, f`n fppjakn tdas u`nkrstf`na`b tdrmubd tdkarnasgussam`s f`n fgtavataks. Emr kxfipjk, tdky gmujn okba` tm kxpjfa` oamjuia`ksgk`gk a` earkejaks f`npjf`ctm`.

Iannjk

Wuolkgts

Fttfaìk`t Xrmbrkss

Asjfiag knugftam` Bmmn Bmmn

Frfoag fs f earst jf`bufbk @mt fppjagfojk @mt fppjagfojk



K`bjasd

Mutstf`na`b Mutstf`na`b

Iftdkiftags Ukry bmmn Ukry bmmn

Wgak`gk Ukry bmmn Mutstf`na`b

^dk iflmraty me stunk`ts dfn f bmmn u`nkrstf`na`b me tdk Xajjfrs me Efatd. ^dky sdmwkn strm`b prmbrkss aù`nkrstf`na`b tdk Wkkrfd f`n Asjfiag Ktaqukttks. _kgatftam` scajjs wkrk `mt fs wkjj nkvkjmpkn.

Wtunk`ts‑ jastkà`b scajjs a` Frfoag wkrk a` ja`k watd kxpkgtftam`s. ^dkar spkfca`b scajjs wkrk

u`nkrnkvkjmpkn nuk tm tdk jfgc me mppmrtuàtaks tm fppjy tdki. ̂ dky wkrk fojk tm rkfn efiajafr, prk-jkfr`tpdrfsks. ^dkar wrata`b scajjs wkrk wkfckr. Imst stunk`ts ifnk fnkquftk prmbrkss a` jastkà`b scajjs f`nstkfny prmbrkss a` spkfca`b f`n rkfna`b. Fnnatam`fj suppmrt rkquarkn oy smik stunk`ts tm ifck prmbrksswfs `mt fjwfys fvfajfojk.

A` K`bjasd, imst stunk`ts nkim`strftkn fttfaìk`t jkvkjs fomvk gurragujui kxpkgtftam`s fs kvank`gkn oytdkar pfrtagapftam`, nasgussam`, prksk`tftam`, f`n prmeagak`t gmipjktam` me jkssm`s. Fs f rksujt, fjj brmups mestunk`ts ifnk okttkr tdf` kxpkgtkn prmbrkss mvkr taik a` rkjftam` tm tdkar stfrta`b pma`ts. ̂ dky wkrk fojktm rkfn f vfrakty me tkxts f`n wratk emr f wank rf`bk me funak`gks, nkim`strfta`b kxgkjjk`t jatkrfgy scajjs.^dky wkrk fojk tm fppjy tdksk scajjs a` f wank rf`bk me naeekrk`t f`n smiktaiks uèfiajafr gm`tkxts.


14/24


Gurragujui stf`nfrns wkrk kxgkknkn oy f jfrbk iflmraty me stunk`ts, imst me wdmi fpprmfgdkniftdkiftags watd scajj f`n gmèank`gk. Wtunk`ts wkrk pfrtagujfrjy k`bfbkn a` jkssm`s tdft prmvanknspkgaeag jkvkjs me gdfjjk`bk, gfusa`b tdki tm tda`c tdrmubd prmojkis f`n usk gratagfj tda`ca`b f`n rkfsmà`bscajjs. ^dkar emu`nftam`fj u`nkrstf`na`b me fjbkorf, nftf usk, ùiokr f`n bkmiktry wfs strm`b. Wtunk`ts

gmjjfomrftkn wkjj wdk` skkca`b smjutam`s, fsca`b qukstam`s mr kxpjmra`b mptam`s rkjftkn tm gdfjjk`bks.Imst stunk`ts wkrk vkry efiajafr watd jkfrà`b tkgd`mjmbaks f`n uskn tdki scajeujjy a` iftdkiftagfja`quary. F jfrbk iflmraty me stunk`ts gm`sastk`tjy ifnk vkry bmmn prmbrkss tmwfrns tdkar jkfrà`bmolkgtavks f`n gmujn sugga`gtjy stftk wdft tdky wkrk jkfrà`b.

A` sgak`gk, stunk`ts wkrk kxgatkn oy tdk a`vkstabftavk fpprmfgd uskn, f`n ifnk kxgkjjk`t prmbrkss. ^dkynkvkjmpkn strm`b k`quary scajjs f`n dabd jkvkjs me u`nkrstf`na`b. Wtunk`ts wkrk fojk tm ank`taey f`n fppjytdk pfrtagujfr sgak`taeag scajjs rkjkvf`t tm tdk tfsc a` df`n. ̂ dkrk wfs vkry bmmn fttfaìk`t, omtd a` jkssm`sf`n mvkr taik, pfrtjy fs f rksujt me k`tdusafsi ermi omtd stunk`ts f`n stfee emr sgak`gk. _ksmurgks wkrkscajeujjy nkpjmykn tm k`fojk stunk`ts tm eurtdkr tdkar tda`ca`b f`n ifck gm``kgtam`s tm mtdkr frkfs me tdkgurragujui.

Wkgm`nfry

Wuolkgts

Fttfaìk`t Xrmbrkss

Asjfiag knugftam`

Bmmn Bmmn

Frfoag fs f earst jf`bufbk @mt fppjagfojk @mt fppjagfojk



K`bjasd


Iftdkiftags


Wgak`gk Mutstf`na`b Mutstf`na`b

^dk iflmraty me stunk`ts dfn f bmmn u`nkrstf`na`b me Asjfiag Ktaqukttk, gmnks me nrkss a` Asjfi f`n atsimrfjs f`n vfjuks. ^dky nkvkjmpkn tdkar c`mwjknbk f`n u`nkrstf`na`b me Eaqd f`n wmik`'s rabdts aÀsjfi. ^dky pfrtagapftkn wkjj a` jkssm`s f`n wkrk ckk` tm nkim`strftk tdkar u`nkrstf`na`b f`nc`mwjknbk. ̂ das k`fojkn tdki tm ifck bmmn prmbrkss omtd a` jkssm`s f`n mvkr taik. ̂ dkar rkgatftam` scajjswkrk stajj nkvkjmpa`b.

A` Frfoag fs f` fnnatam`fj jf`bufbk, imst stunk`ts gmujn rkfn wkjj a` brmups3 tdkar rkfna`b gmiprkdk`sam`

wfs jkss nkvkjmpkn. ̂ dkar jastkà`b scajjs wkrk strm`b3 wrata`b wfs wkfc, kspkgafjjy a` a`nkpk`nk`t wrata`b.Xrmbrkss a` jastkà`b f`n rkfna`b wfs a` ja`k watd kxpkgtftam`s. Xrmbrkss a` spkfca`b watd gmèank`gk wfssjmwkr.

Mvkrfjj, tdk imst stunk`ts nkim`strftkn mutstf`na`b fttfaìk`t f`n prmbrkss a` K`bjasd ft tdk skgm`nfryjkvkj. ^dkar k`tdusafstag pfrtagapftam` wfs kvank`gkn a` nasgussam`, nkoftk, prksk`tftam`s, gmjjfomrftavkprmojki smjva`b f`n jkfna`b jkssm`s. ^dk wfy stunk`ts wkrk prkpfrkn tm jkfn jkssm`s k`fojkn tdki tmnkvkjmp vkry keekgtavk f`n nktfajkn jatkrfgy scajjs f`n fppjy tdki a` quatk uèfiajafr gm`tkxts. A`tkr`fjok`gdifrca`b fsskssik`ts ofskn m` gurragujui stf`nfrns dabdjabdtkn tdmsk scajj jkvkjs.


15/24

BKIW Mur Mw` K`bjasd Dabd Wgdmmj - A`spkgtam` _kpmrt ?86;-?865 6>

Imst stunk`ts pkremrikn ft f gm`sastk`tjy dabd jkvkj a` iftdkiftags, fomvk fbk kxpkgtftam`s. ̂ dkar sgmrksfgrmss fjj a`tkr`ftam`fj f`n kxtkr`fj kxfia`ftam`s wkrk vkry bmmn tm mutstf`na`b. Wtunk`ts' k`tdusafstagk`bfbkik`t a` iftdkiftagfj tfscs, prmojkis, prmmes, rkfjastag sgk`frams f`n k`quaraks gm`traoutkn vkrywkjj tm tdkar sabàeagf`t prmbrkss. Mvkr tdk pfst skvkrfj ykfrs, imst stunk t̀s ifa`tfa`kn gm`sastk`tjy dabd

jkvkjs me fttfaìk`t. ^dkar ifstkry me tdk iftdkiftags gurragujui wfs kxgkptam`fjjy dabd, fsnkim`strftkn a` tdkar tdmrmubd c`mwjknbk me skgm`nfry sgdmmj iftdkiftags, dmw at as fppjakn a` efiajafrmr grkftavk wfys f`n ats ja`cs tm mtdkr suolkgts. Wtunk`ts, a`gjuna`b tdk baetkn f`n tfjk`tkn, uskn fvfajfojkmppmrtuàtaks f`n rksmurgks tm bfa` f` fggkjkrftkn rftk me jkfrà`b. Wuppmrt wfs bavk` tm sjmwkr stunk`tstm fssurk strm`b prmbrkss.

A` sgak`gk stunk`ts ifnk rfpan prmbrkss tdft ouajt m` tdk vkry bmmn sgak`taeag u`nkrstf`na`b f`n prfgtagfjscajjs bfa`kn a` tdk praifry f`n iannjk pdfsks. ^das jkn tm bmmn rksujts a` gmrk sgak`gk fsskssik`ts a`Brfnk 68. Ft tdk k`n me tdk skgm`nfry pdfsk tdky wkrk fojk tm kxpjfa` tdk pdysags me jabdt buanks f`nstftam`fry mroats tm k`fojk nabatfj gmiiuàgftam`. ^dky uskn gratagfj f`n `kw wfys me tda`ca`b f`nf`fjysa`b. ^dky suppmrtkn tdas tda`ca`b oy usa`b dabd jkvkj sgak`taeag scajjs wdagd a`gjunkn moskrva`b,

dypmtdksasa`b f`n nrfwa`b gm`gjusam`s.

CB

Xraifry Iannjk

Wkgm`nfry

Jkfrà`b scajjs Bmmn Bmmn Ukry bmmn Ukry bmmn

Wtunk`ts bk`krfjjy pfrtagapftkn k`tdusafstagfjjy f`n gm`sgak`tamusjy a` f wank rf`bk me jkfrà`b fgtavataks.^dky u`nkrstmmn tdk aipmrtf`gk me jkfrà`b f`n ifnk tdk gm``kgtam` tm tdkar fsparftam`s emr tdk euturk.

^dky wkrk ckk` tm tfck rkspm`saoajaty emr tdkar jkfrà`b. ^dky rkjasdkn mppmrtuàtaks tm jkfn tdk jkfrà`bf`n nan sm gmèank`tjy f`n keekgtavkjy.

Wtunk`ts k`lmykn jkfrà`b f`n wmrckn wkjj a` pfars, sifjj brmups f`n a`nkpk`nk`tjy. Gmjjfomrftavk wmrcwfs emguskn f`n prmnugtavk. Wtunk`ts wkrk frtagujftk a` kxpjfaà`b tdkar jkfrà`b. ^dky wkrk fojk tm nmsm a` f wfy tdft imvkn omtd tdkar jkfrà`b f`n tdk jkfrà`b me mtdkr stunk`ts emrwfrn.

Wtunk`ts wkrk gm`sastk`tjy fojk tm ifck gm``kgtam`s oktwkk` a`-gjfss jkfrà`b f`n rkfj jaek sgk`framsermi tdkar mw` pkrsm`fj kxpkrak`gks f`n wankr wmrjn assuks. ^dky wkrk fojk tm fppjy c`mwjknbk f`nu`nkrstf`na`b ermi mtdkr suolkgts fpprmpraftkjy.

Wtunk`ts wkrk a`nkpk`nk`t jkfr`krs, rkbujfrjy k`bfba`b a` k`quary, gratagfj tda`ca`b f`n prmojki-smjva`b.

^dky uskn jkfrà`b tkgd`mjmbaks gmèank`tjy f`n keekgtavkjy. A` if`y jkssm`s, stunk`ts pfrtagapftknk`tdusafstagfjjy a` f wank rf`bk me fgtavataks tdft k`gmurfbkn f`n ùrturkn `kw wfys me tda`ca`b f`nfppjya`b scajjs. Ufrafojk tkfgda`b styjks nan `mt gm`sastk`tjy bavk stunk`ts mppmrtuàtaks tm utajask tdkskjkfrà`b scajjs a` fjj pdfsks, suolkgts f`n gjfssks.


16/24

BKIW Mur Mw` K`bjasd Dabd Wgdmmj - A`spkgtam` _kpmrt ?86;-?865 6;

?. Wtunk`ts‑ pkrsm`fj f`n smgafj nkvkjmpik`t f`n tdkar a``mvftam` scajjs

CB

Xraifry Iannjk

Wkgm`nfry

Xkrsm`fj nkvkjmpik`t Ukry bmmn Mutstf`na`b Mutstf`na`b Mutstf`na`b

Wtunk`ts nkim`strftkn kxgkjjk`t okdfvamur f`n fttatunks tm jkfrà`b3 tdky wkrk dabdjy rkspm`saojk f`na`nkpk`nk`t a` tdkar tda`ca`b. ^dky wmrckn gmjjfomrftavkjy, gmèank`tjy pfrtagapftkn f`n jkn fsskiojaks,prmlkgts f`n jkssm`s. ^dky wajja`bjy fggkptkn subbkstam`s ermi tdkar pkkrs f`n tkfgdkrs m` dmw tmaiprmvk.

Wtunk`ts wkrk skje-nasgapja`kn f`n rksmjvkn prmojkis a` f` fiagfojk if``kr. ^dky wkrk sk`satavk tm tdk`kkns me mtdkrs f`n gm`sastk`tjy dkjpkn kfgd mtdkr. Kxkipjfry okdfvamur wfs kvank`t fgrmss tdk sgdmmj.

A` tdk skgm`nfry pdfsk stunk`ts tfjckn tm tdkar tkfgdkrs f`n frrf`bkn emr kxtrf gjfssks emr gmipjktam` me

tdk syjjfous. ^dkrk wkrk strftkbaks emr gm`tfgta`b pkkrs tm bkt f` upnftk m` tdk nfy a` gfsk me fosk`gkermi tdk sgdmmj. Wtunk`ts f`n stfee wkrk kipftdktag f`n sk`satavk tm kfgd mtdkr‑s `kkns. ^das rksujtkn a`vkry strm`b rkjftam`sdaps wdagd suppmrtkn jkfrà`b.

Dkfjtdy java`b wfs f pfrt me tdk sgdmmj gujturk. Wtunk`ts imstjy ormubdt dkfjtdy, dmik-gmmckn emmn tmsgdmmj. ^dk sfjk me ofjf`gkn ùtratamus emmn atkis a` tdk sgdmmj gf`tkk` sugd fs sf`nwagdks, sfjfns,ymbdurt f`n ofckn atkis prmimtkn dkfjtdy java`b. ^dky wkrk fojk tm frtagujftk dmw emmn gdmagks tdkyifnk suppmrtkn dkfjtdy jaekstyjks.

Imst stunk`ts gfik tm sgdmmj oy sgdmmj ous. ^dk fvkrfbk nfajy fttk`nf`gk wfs bmmn. Wtunk`ts wkrka`vfrafojy pu`gtufj emr jkssm`s f`n mtdkr sgdmmj kvk`ts.

CB

Xraifry Iannjk

Wkgm`nfry

[`nkrstf`na`b me Asjfiag vfjuks f`n

fwfrk`kss me Kiarfta f`n wmrjn

gujturks


^dk ymu`bkst me stunk`ts wkrk nkvkjmpa`b f ckk` fwfrk`kss me tdk fpprmpraftk kjkik`ts me [FK gujturk.Imst stunk`ts a` tdk mtdkr pdfsks dfn f gjkfr fpprkgaftam` me if`y fspkgts me [FK gujturk, tdk vfjuks meAsjfi f`n dmw at aèjuk`gkn gm`tkipmrfry jaek a` tdk [FK. Rdk` prmiptkn, stunk`ts gmujn tfjc fomut tdk

aipmrtf`gk me \fcft (gdfraty) nura`b _fifnf` f`n dmw tdky dfn suppmrtkn at. ^das wfs fjsm rkejkgtkn a`tdk k-gjfssrmmi f`n gmrranmr naspjfys.

Fjj stunk`ts pfrtagapftkn a` tdk [FK @ftam`fj Nfy gkjkorftam`s. ^dky wkrk fojk tm tfjc fomut tdk dastmryf`n gujturk me tdk [FK a` f imst rkspkgteuj wfy f`n a`vmjvk tdkiskjvks k`tdusafstagfjjy a` f rf`bk megujturfj fgtavataks.

Gmurtksy tmwfrns, dfrim`y watd, f`n kipftdy emr, pkmpjk ermi mtdkr gujturks wfs kvank`t fim`bststunk`ts f`n stfee. Wtunk`ts fpprkgaftkn tdkar mw` gujturk. Naeekrk`t ekstavfjs wkrk gkjkorftkn tmm.


17/24


CB

Xraifry Iannjk

Wkgm`nfry

Wmgafj rkspm`saoajaty f`n a``mvftam`

scajjs


Wtunk`ts erkquk`tjy jkn fgtavataks tdft pmsatavkjy aipfgtkn upm` tdk jmgfj gmiiuàty. If`y smgafj f`nvmju`tkkr mppmrtuàtaks suppmrtkn tdk gdfraty emr tdk nasfojkn. F ùiokr me stunk`ts dfn okk` a`vmjvkna` nksabà`b rksmurgks tm suppmrt tdk vasufjjy aipfarkn a` `kw wfys.

Kxfipjks me k`trkprk`kursdap a`gjunkn —Mur Mw` Ojmssmi‑ bfrnkà`b aàtaftavk. Wtunk`ts gm`traoutknkeekgtavkjy tm tdk gmiiuàty f`n bfa`kn kxpkrak`gk me prmekssam`s wdajk a` sgdmmj.

Wtunk`ts wkrk dabdjy rksmurgkeuj, a``mvftavk f`n grkftavk3 kxfipjks a`gjunkn tdkar 'Wa`ba`b Nustoa`‑,'Gdfraty Omx' f`n 'Dm`ksty omx' aàtaftavks. ̂ dkrk wkrk —Kgm Fnvmgftks‑ a` kvkry gjfss k`gmurfba`b rkgygja`b.

7. ^kfgda`b f`n fsskssik`t

CB

Xraifry Iannjk

Wkgm`nfry

^kfgda`b emr keekgtavk jkfrà`b Bmmn Bmmn Ukry bmmn Ukry bmmn

^kfgdkrs' suolkgt c`mwjknbk wfs bmmn f`n smiktaiks mutstf`na`b, kspkgafjjy a` tdk skgm`nfry pdfsk.^dkar bmmn suolkgt c`mwjknbk dkjpkn tdki bavk fggurftk kxpjf`ftam`s f`n fsc skfrgda`b qukstam`s.^kfgdkrs dfn f bmmn u`nkrstf`na`b me dmw stunk`ts jkfr`kn f`n tdky uskn tdas c`mwjknbk keekgtavkjy tm

pjf` tdkar jkssm`s. Rdkrk gjfssrmmi fssastf`ts wmrckn watd stunk`ts, tdky suppmrtkn jkfrà`b keekgtavkjy. F` a`grkfsa`b rf`bk me gmiputkrs, tfojkts f`n mtdkr tkgd`mjmbagfj kquapik`t wfs uskn oy tkfgdkrs tm

wank` tdk jkfrà`b kxpkrak`gks me stunk`ts. ̂ dk pfgk me jkfrà`b wfs bmmn f`n tkfgdkrs ifnk ifxaiuiusk me tdk taik fvfajfojk tm k`surk stunk`ts jkfr`kn f rf`bk me scajjs. Mggfsam`fjjy jkfrà`b wfs sjmw,`mtfojy a` Ca`nkrbfrtk`, okgfusk tkfgdkrs nan `mt nkfj watd `masy stunk`ts wdm a`tkrruptkn tdk jkfrà`bme mtdkrs. A` Frfoag tkfgda`b smiktaiks jfgckn wmrc tdft wfs sueeagak`tjy gdfjjk`ba`b.

^kfgdkrs dfn kxgkjjk`t rkjftam`sdaps watd stunk`ts f`n tdas bfvk stunk`ts tdk gmèank`gk tm fsc emr dkjpmr fnvagk wdk` tdky `kknkn at. ^kfgdkrs fsckn skfrgda`b qukstam`s f`n aàtaftkn nasgussam`s tdft ifnkstunk`ts tda`c fomut wdft tdky jkfr`kn sm tdft tdky gmujn kxpjfa` tdkar u`nkrstf`na`b f`n c`mwjknbk a`nktfaj.

A` imst jkssm`s tkfgdkrs uskn wdft tdky c`kw fomut stunk`ts' kfrjakr jkfrà`b tm prmvank wmrc tdft wfsgjmskjy iftgdkn tm tdk `kkns me naeekrk`t a`navanufjs f`n brmups. A` tdk okst jkssm`s tdk qufjaty me wmrctm gdfjjk`bk pupajs tm tdk ifxaiui wfs mutstf`na`b. A` tdk ca`nkrbfrtk` tkfgdkrs nan `mt fjwfys ifckbmmn k`mubd usk me fsskssik`t aèmriftam` tm dkjp tdki pjf` suatfojk tfscs.

^dk rf`bk me mppmrtuàtaks emr pupajs tm wmrc a`nkpk`nk`tjy, tm aàtaftk tdkar mw` a`vkstabftam`s f`n tmtda`c fomut dmw tdky gmujn fggurftkjy kxpjfa` wdft tdky emu`n mut wfs aiprmva`b. A` smik jkssm`s a`K`bjasd, iftdkiftags f`n sgak`gk, tdk foajaty tm tda`c gratagfjjy wfs mutstf`na`b f`n pjfykn f` aipmrtf`trmjk a` prmimta`b stunk`ts' k`lmyik`t f`n fgdakvkik`t. ^das wfs pfrtagujfrjy kvank`t a` tdk iannjk f`nskgm`nfry pdfsks.

^kfgda`b a` Frfoag fs f` fnnatam`fj jf`bufbk wfs fggkptfojk. Wtunk`ts ifnk fggkptfojk prmbrkss out tdkarjkfrà`b wfs ̀ mt sueeagak`tjy pkrsm`fjazkn tm suppmrt nkkpkr u`nkrstf`na`b. ̂ dkrk wfs jattjk naeekrk`taftamà` tdk pjf`à`b oy tkfgdkrs.


18/24


CB

Xraifry Iannjk

Wkgm`nfry

Fsskssik`t Bmmn Bmmn Ukry bmmn Ukry bmmn

^dk sgdmmj dfn wkjj-strugturkn fsskssik`t prmgknurks tdft wkrk eujjy u`nkrstmmn oy fjimst fjj stfee. ^dksgdmmj dfn okk` keekgtavk a` k`sura`b imrk gm`sastk`gy a` dmw fsskssik`t prmgknurks wkrkaipjkik`tkn.

Imst tkfgdkrs uskn f rf`bk me kxtkr`fj, `ftam`fj f`n a`tkr`ftam`fj fsskssik`ts tm ikfsurk tdk suggkssme stunk`ts f`n tm skt gdfjjk`ba`b tfrbkts. A` ca`nkrbfrtk`, tkfgdkrs dfn gustmiaskn f` kxtkr`fjfsskssik`t sgdkik tm imàtmr stunk`ts' prmbrkss out at wfs `mt ykt eujjy kioknnkn.

A` imst frkfs me tdk sgdmmj, tkfgdkrs f`n jkfnkrs f`fjyskn stunk`t pkremrif`gk nftf kxtk`savkjy tmimàtmr f`n rkgmrn tdk fgdakvkik`t me a`navanufjs f`n brmups me stunk`ts mvkr taik. ^dk iflmraty metkfgdkrs fssksskn stunk`ts' fgdakvkik`t fggurftkjy f`n ckpt nktfajkn rkgmrns me stunk`ts' pkremrif`gk.

^kfgdkrs uskn fsskssik`t aèmriftam` keekgtavkjy tm ifck surk stunk`ts ifnk tdk okst prmbrkss tdkygmujn. F vkry sifjj ùiokr wkrk jkss skgurk a` usa`b fsskssik`t prmgkssks tm pjf` jkssm`s, `mtfojy a`Frfoag, out wkrk oka`b suppmrtkn tm aiprmvk tdkar scajjs tm nm tdas.

Fsskssik`t nftf wfs uskn keekgtavkjy tm imnaey tdk gurragujui f`n tkfgda`b a` mrnkr tm ikkt tdk `kknsme stunk`ts. Rdk` fsskssik`t wfs vkry bmmn at prmvankn mppmrtuàtaks emr stunk`ts tm omtd rkgkavk f`nbavk gm`strugtavk ekknofgc f`n tfck stkps tm aiprmvk tdkar jkfrà`b.

>. Gurragujui

CB

Xraifry Iannjk

Wkgm`nfry

Gurragujui nksab` f`n

aipjkik`tftam`


^dk gurragujui dfn f gjkfr rftam`fjk tm ùrturk a`navanufjaty f`n k`df`gk stunk`ts‑ a``ftk pmtk`tafj. At ikttdk GOWK f`n [FK Iaàstry me Knugftam` rkquarkik`ts. At wfs ormfn, ofjf`gkn f`n rkjkvf`t tm tdk `kknsme stunk`ts f`n prmimtkn tmjkrf`gk me mtdkr gujturks. A` tdk ca`nkrbfrtk` tdk gurragujui wfs bmmn. At dfnaiprmvkn fs f rksujt me tdk a`trmnugtam` me scajjs-ofskn gurragujui.

Gm`taùaty f`n prmbrkssam` wkrk vkry wkjj ifa`tfa`kn tdrmubd tdk sgdkiks me wmrc tdft wkrk fpprmpraftktm tdk fbks f`n foajataks me tdk stunk`ts. Fsskssik`ts me stunk`ts‑ wmrc wkrk uskn tm imnaey tdk gurragujfemr tdmsk wdm wkrk u`nkrfgdakva`b. ^das prmbrkssam` f`n gm`taùaty a` stunk`ts‑ jkfrà`b prkpfrkn tdkivkry wkjj emr tdkar `kxt pdfsks a` jkfrà`b.

Wkàmr stunk`ts dfn f wank rf`bk me gurragujfr mptam`s tm gdmmsk ermi. ^dk sgdmmj meekrkn tdrkk strkfisme sgak`gk, gmiikrgk f`n duifàtaks watd saxtkk` suolkgts f`n watd naeekrk`t gmioa`ftam`s. Wtunk`tswkrk fjsm meekrkn pdysagfj knugftam` fs f tdkmry suolkgt. ^das ikt tdk stunk`ts‑ `kkns vkry keekgtavkjyf`n fjimst fjj stunk`ts wk`t tm uàvkrsataks tm stuny tdkar gdmsk` suolkgts.

Nkvkjmpik`t me tdk gurragujui tm kstfojasd ja`cs fgrmss fjj suolkgts wfs f strk`btd. ^dk ja`cs wkrk vkrywkjj pjf``kn. ^dky imtavftkn stunk`ts f`n fnnkn tm tdk k`lmyik`t me jkfrà`b. —A``mvkx‑, tdk sgdmmj

kxdaoatam` tdft gmvkrkn fjj frkfs f`n a`vmjvkn fjj stunk`ts, kstfojasdkn grmss-gurragujfr ja`cs tdft bfvktdki f` mppmrtuàty tm put gm`gkpts jkfr`t a`tm prfgtagfj usk.


19/24


^dk gurragujui wfs rkvakwkn rkbujfrjy f`n ea`na`bs wkrk aipjkik`tkn keekgtavkjy tm kxtk`n f`n k`ragdstunk`ts' jkfrà`b. Fs f rksujt me tdk rkvakw, tdk sgdmmj nkgankn tm gdf`bk tdk suolkgt-ofskn gurragujuia` tdk ca`nkrbfrtk` gjfssks tm f scajjs-ofskn m`k. ̂ dk ea`na`bs ermi tdk rkvakw wkrk fjsm uskn kxtk`savkjytm a`trmnugk grkftavk prmlkgts tm aiprmvk tdk fgfnkiag f`n pkrsm`fj nkvkjmpik`t me stunk`ts.

^dk sgdmmj tfubdt [FK smgafj stunaks tdrmubd omtd stf`nfjm`k f`n a`tkbrftkn jkssm`s. Emr kxfipjk,u`nkrstf`na`b tdk Eavk Xajjfrs me Asjfi dkjpkn stunk`ts aiprmvk tdkar a`tkrfgtam`s watd Kiarftas f`ngmjjfomrftk okttkr m` tfscs. Gm``kgtam`s wkrk ifnk fgrmss naeekrk`t gm`tkxts m` saiajfr tdkiks f`nqukstam`s.

CB

Xraifry Iannjk

Wkgm`nfry

Gurragujui fnfptftam` Bmmn Ukry bmmn Ukry bmmn Ukry bmmn

^dk gurragujui wfs keekgtavkjy imnaeakn tm ikkt tdk `kkns me fjj brmups me stunk`ts a`gjuna`b tdmskstunk`ts wdm dfn jkfrà`b naeeagujtaks. A` tdk ca`nkrbfrtk`, tdk Kfrjy Qkfrs Emu`nftam` Wtfbk gurragujuiwfs fnmptkn tm kstfojasd okttkr grmss-gurragujfr ja`cs f`n aiprmvk gdajnrk`‑s c`mwjknbk f`n scajjs a` fjjfrkfs me jkfrà`b. Wtunk`ts wdm wkrk u`nkrfgdakva`b wkrk bavk` fnnatam`fj suppmrt tm `frrmw bfps a`jkfrà`b.

^dk gurragujui prmimtkn if`y mppmrtuàtaks emr stunk`ts tm ok grkftavk f`n tm jkfn f`n nksab` rkskfrgdprmlkgts. Mjnkr stunk`ts dfn grkftkn if`y `kw nksab`s, sugd fs f wftkr gmmjkr f`n f sa`ba`b nustoa`.Mppmrtuàtaks tm k`bfbk a` k`tkrprask dfn k`fojkn stunk`ts tm nksab` gmstuiks f`n brmw vkbktfojks,wdagd wkrk smjn.

^dkrk wkrk if`y mggfsam`s nura`b wdagd stunk`ts gmujn jkfr` fomut [FK gujturfj dkratfbk, emr kxfipjk

wdk` tdky grkftkn tdkar mw` dkratfbk vajjfbk. Uasats tm imsquks f`n mtdkr jf`nifrcs a` Nuofa dkjpknstunk`ts tm u`nkrstf`n tdk dastmry me Nuofa f`n ats gujturk.

;. ^dk prmtkgtam`, gfrk, buanf`gk f`n suppmrt me stunk`ts

CB

Xraifry Iannjk

Wkgm`nfry

Dkfjtd f`n sfekty, a`gjuna`b

frrf`bkik`ts emr gdajn prmtkgtam` /

sfekbufrna`b

Mutstf`na`b Mutstf`na`b Mutstf`na`b Mutstf`na`b

Wtunk`ts wkrk wkjj gfrkn emr, sfekbufrnkn f`n prmtkgtkn oy f gmiprkdk`savk f`n wkjj-aipjkik`tkn gdajnprmtkgtam` pmjagy. Xmjagaks f`n prmgknurks wkrk rabmrmusjy emjjmwkn f`n fppjakn keekgtavkjy.

Kxgkptam`fj fttk`tam` dfn okk` bavk` f`n fgtam`s tfck` tm k`surk tdk dkfjtd, sfekty f`n skguraty mestunk`ts a` tdas sgdmmj. ^dk k`varmìk`t wfs eujjy sfek f`n dybakàg. Wupkrvasam` tm k`surk tdkskstf`nfrns wkrk ifa`tfa`kn wfs systkiftag f`n tdmrmubd.

^dk ouajna`bs f`n kquapik`t wkrk kxgkkna`bjy wkjj ifa`tfa`kn f`n tdk rkgmrns wkrk kxkipjfry.

^dk prkiasks f`n efgajataks wkrk kxgkptam`fj emr fjj stunk`t brmups. ^dky prmvankn f` kxgkjjk`t

k`varmìk`t emr jkfrà`b.

Dkfjtdy jaekstyjks wkrk prmimtkn tdrmubd f vfrakty me fwfrk`kss gfipfab`s f`n spkgafj prmbrfis, f`nsuppmrtkn oy tdk iknagfj f`n ùrsa`b stfee. Wfek f`n dkfjtdy java`b wfs bavk` f vkry dabd prmeajk.


20/24


CB

Xraifry Iannjk

Wkgm`nfry

Gfrk f`n suppmrt Bmmn Bmmn Bmmn Bmmn

_kjftam`sdaps oktwkk` stfee f`n stunk`ts wkrk iutufjjy rkspkgteuj f`n a`tkrfgtam`s wkrk pmsatavk.Okdfvamur wfs if`fbkn wkjj.

Keekgtavk systkis wkrk a` pjfgk tm prmimtk stunk`t fttk`nf`gk f`n pu`gtufjaty. Wtunk`ts wkrk pu`gtufjemr jkssm`s f`n fjj mtdkr fgtavataks.

^dk sgdmmj keekgtavkjy ank`taeakn f`n prmvankn suppmrt emr stunk`ts watd WK@N f`n tdmsk wdm wkrk baetknf`n tfjk`tkn, k`foja`b tdki tm ifck bmmn prmbrkss.

^dkrk wfs keekgtavk buanf`gk f`n suppmrt emr fjj stunk`ts a` tdk frkfs me wkjjoka`b, pkrsm`fj nkvkjmpik`t,euturk fgfnkiag pursuats f`n gfrkkrs. ̂ dky wkrk prmvankn watd dkjpeuj aèmriftam` f`n suppmrtkn a` usa`bat.

Xrmvasam` emr stunk t̀s watd spkgafj knugftam`fj `kkns f`n nasfoajataks WK@N)

^dk mvkrfjj keekgtavk`kss me prmvasam` emr stunk`ts watd spkgafj

knugftam`fj `kkns f`n nasfoajataks

Bmmn

^dk sgdmmj dfn f vkry a`gjusavk vasam` f`n ktdms, fniatta`b stunk`ts watd f rf`bk me knugftam`fj `kknsf`n nasfoajataks. Wkàmr jkfnkrs wmrckn gjmskjy watd f scajjkn WK@N tkfi tm gmmrna`ftk prmvasam` emr tdksk

stunk`ts, pjf`à`b emr tdkar a`navanufj `kkns f`n imàtmra`b tdk aipfgt me suppmrt m` tdkar prmbrkss f`nwkjj-oka`b.

^dk sgdmmj dfn keekgtavk prmgknurks tm ank`taey tdk pfrtagujfr `kkns me stunk`ts `kw tm tdk sgdmmj, katdkra` CB mr mtdkr ykfr brmups. ^kfgdkrs quagcjy ifnk rkekrrfjs f`n f rf`bk me fsskssik`ts, watda` sgdmmjf`n ermi kxtkr`fj fbk`gaks, wkrk wkjj uskn tm ank`taey stunk`ts‑ naeeagujtaks f`n tm okba` tm prmvankfnnatam`fj suppmrt.

Xfrk`ts wkrk wkjj-aèmrikn f`n a`vmjvkn watd tdkar gdajnrk`‑s jkfrà`b f`n suppmrt. ̂ dky stftkn tdft tdkargdajnrk` rkgkavkn tdk dkjp `kknkn tm ifck bmmn fgfnkiag f`n pkrsm`fj prmbrkss. ^dky wkjgmikn tdkvfjufojk suppmrt f`n buanf`gk rkgkavkn ermi tdk sgdmmj. Xfrk`ts fpprkgaftkn tdk rkbujfr aèmrifj f`nemrifj mppmrtuàtaks tm nasguss tdkar gdajn‑s `kkns f`n fnnrkss f`y gm`gkr`s.

^dk gurragujui f`n fsskssik`t emr stunk`ts watd WK@N wfs gfrkeujjy mrbfàskn f`n imnaeakn. A`navanufjsuppmrt wfs pjf``kn keekgtavkjy tm ikkt fgfnkiag f`n pkrsm`fj ̀ kkns f`n tm kquap stunk`ts watd tdk jaekscajjs `kknkn emr tdk `kxt stfbk me tdkar knugftam`. ^dk iflmraty me tkfgdkrs wkrk fojk tm imnaey jkssm`sfpprmpraftkjy. Dmwkvkr, tdas wfs `mt kvank`t a` fjj gjfssks nkspatk trfaà`b prmvankn emr tkfgdkrs.

^dk sgdmmj‑s bmmn mvkrfjj prmvasam` k`fojkn tdk iflmraty me stunk`ts tm kxgkkn kxpkgtftam`s a` tdkara`tkr`fj kxfis. A` kxtkr`fj kxfis a` Brfnk 68, stunk`ts watd spkgafj knugftam`fj `kkns f`n nasfoajataks(WK@N) usufjjy fttfa`kn ft jkfst kxpkgtkn jkvkjs a` tdk gmrk kxfi suolkgts. ̂ das rkprksk`tkn bmmn prmbrkssermi tdkar stfrta`b pma`ts. A` jkssm`s prmbrkss wfs imrk vfrafojk f`n nkpk`nkn m` tdk qufjaty me tkfgda`b.


21/24

BKIW Mur Mw` K`bjasd Dabd Wgdmmj - A`spkgtam` _kpmrt ?86;-?865 ?8

5. Jkfnkrsdap f`n if`fbkik`t

^dk keekgtavk`kss me jkfnkrsdap Ukry bmmn

F gjkfr f`n gdfjjk`ba`b vasam` wfs prmimtkn oy tdk pra`gapfj f`n sdfrkn watd tdk wdmjk sgdmmjgmiiuàty. ̂ dk gmiiattkn skàmr jkfnkrsdap tkfi, tmbktdkr watd f` a`grkfsa`b ̀ uiokr me iannjk jkfnkrswkrk nkvkjmpa`b rabmrmus systkis f`n prmvana`b f gjkfr narkgtam`. ^dk jkfnkrsdap gujturk fjsm k`fojknstunk`ts tm okgmik jkfnkrs. ^dky wkrk bavk` f wank rf`bk me jkfnkrsdap mppmrtuàtaks, emr kxfipjk fskgm jkfnkrs.

Emguskn jkfnkrsdap ft fjj jkvkjs faikn ft sabàeagf`tjy aiprmva`b tdk qufjaty me jkfrà`b, tkfgda`b f`nstunk`t prmbrkss tdrmubdmut tdk sgdmmj. ^dk skàmr jkfnkrsdap tkfi wmrckn a` f gmjjfomrftavk if``kr,k`bfba`b stunk`ts, pfrk`ts f`n tkfgdkrs. Gdfjjk`bks stajj rkifa`kn a` aiprmva`b tdk gm`sastk`gy me qufjatyme tkfgda`b a` tdk ca`nkrbfrtk` f`n praifry pdfsks.

Ukry bmmn, suppmrtavk rkjftam`sdaps kxastkn oktwkk` jkfnkrs ft fjj jkvkjs f`n tdk ormfn jkfrà`bgmiiuàty a` tdk sgdmmj. ^dk k`bfbkik`t a` 758 nkbrkk ekknofgc dfn dkjpkn tdki okttkr u`nkrstf`ntdkar strk`btds f`n wkfc`kssks. ̂ dk strm`b ktdms me tdk sgdmmj f`n dabd imrfjk wfs kvank`t a` tdk qufjatyrkjftam`sdaps fim`bst stunk`ts, stfee f`n pfrk`ts.

^dk pra`gapfj, vagk-pra`gapfj f`n skàmr tkfi jkn ermi tdk erm`t. Iannjk jkfnkrs wkrk a`grkfsa`bjy keekgtavka` fggkpta`b rkspm`saoajaty f`n fggmu`tfoajaty emr stf`nfrns watda` tdkar frkfs me rkspm`saoajaty. ^das nravkemr aiprmvkik`t wfs sdfrkn oy if`y gjfss tkfgdkrs f`n bfvk tdk sgdmmj f strm`b gfpfgaty tm nkvkjmpeurtdkr.

Wkàmr stfee ikiokrs wkrk a`grkfsa`bjy jkfna`b aiprmvkik`t fgtavataks. Emr kxfipjk, tdk jkfnkrs me tdk

tdrkk pdfsks emr iftdkiftags wkrk wkjj-aèmrikn f`n sdfrkn f vasam`. ^dky dfn a`statutkn f ùiokr me`kw f`n a`tkrksta`b ankfs, k`javkà`b tdk gurragujui emr stunk`ts, pfrtagujfrjy a` tdk ykfrs okjmw tdkkxfi-ofskn ykfrs (okjmw Brfnk 68). Jkfnkrs k`surkn tdk sgdmmj wfs gmipjaf`t watd fjj stftutmry f`nrkbujftmry rkquarkik`ts.

Wgdmmj skje-kvfjuftam` f`n aiprmvkik`t pjf`à`b Ukry bmmn

Wkje-kvfjuftam` dfn aiprmvkn nuk tm gjkfr, gmdkrk`t f`n wkjj-u`nkrstmmn buankja`ks. F imrk nastraoutknjkfnkrsdap tkfi dfn ank`taeakn strk`btds f`n frkfs emr nkvkjmpik`t f`n fpprmpraftk pramrataks emr euturknkvkjmpik`t fgrmss tdk sgdmmj. ^dksk dfn okk` a`gmrpmrftkn a`tm tdk fgtam` pjf`s, sgdmmj nkvkjmpik`tpjf` f`n jm`bkr-tkri strftkbag pjf`à`b.

^dk sgdmmj dfn rkspm`nkn wkjj tm tdk prkvamus a`spkgtam` oy fnnrkssa`b fjj tdk rkgmiik`nftam`s. Emrkxfipjk, tdk jkfnkrsdap dfn rkvakwkn f`n fgtkn upm` spkgaeag stfee rkgruatik`t f`n nkvkjmpik`tfj ̀ kknsa` tdk Frfoag nkpfrtik`t. Imrk stunk`ts wkrk ̀ mw usa`b tkgd`mjmbaks tm k`df`gk tdkar jkfrà`b scajjs f`nu`nkrstf`na`b.

Wgdmmj skje-kvfjuftam` wfs a`grkfsa`bjy rabmrmus. Kvmjva`b gmipktk`gk f`n gmiiatik`t ft fjj jkvkjs wfsvkry bmmn. _mjks f`n rkspm`saoajataks wkrk gjkfrjy nkea`kn f`n fjab`kn tm wdmjk sgdmmj pramrataks tdft wkrkfaikn ft aiprmva`b jkfrà`b mutgmiks f`n tdk stunk`ts‑ kxpkrak`gks ft sgdmmj. ^das wfs kvank`t a`

aiprmvkik`ts tm tdk gurragujui prmvasam`. ^dk sgdmmj dfn fnmptkn f rkfjastag f`n fpprmpraftk emgus watda` skt taiksgfjks. ^dk gmjjkgtavk k`tdusafsi

f`n fgtavk k`bfbkik`t me imst stfee wfs f cky efgtmr a` rfasa`b tkfgda`b f`n jkfrà`b stf`nfrns a` tdkiannjk f`n skgm`nfry pdfsks.


22/24

BKIW Mur Mw` K`bjasd Dabd Wgdmmj - A`spkgtam` _kpmrt ?86;-?865 ?6

Xfrt`krsdaps watd pfrk`ts f`n tdk gmiiuàty Ukry bmmn

Xfrk`tfj k`bfbkik`t wfs gk`trfj tm tdk sgdmmj gmiiuàty3 tdk rkfny fggkss tm tdk —pfrk`t jafasm`‑ ikiokr me stfee wfs fpprkgaftkn oy pfrk`ts. —Mur Mw` Umagk‑ wfs f brmup me 7> pfrk`t rkprksk`tftavks,ikiokrs me tdk skàmr jkfnkrsdap tkfi f`n f bmvkr`f`gk rkprksk`tftavk. ̂ das k`fojkn pfrk`ts tm okgmikkeekgtavk pfrt`krs a` aiprmva`b tdkar gdajnrk`‑s knugftam`.

Erkquk`t, dabd qufjaty gmiiuàgftam`s k`surkn pfrk`ts wkrk ckpt vkry wkjj aèmrikn. Xfrk`ts spmck mempk` f`n trf`spfrk`t gmiiuàgftam` watd tdk sgdmmj3 f`y ekknofgc mr mpaàm`s wkrk bavk` nukgm`sankrftam` oy tdk sgdmmj‑s jkfnkrsdap f`n tdk bmvkr`f`gk. Emr kxfipjk, tdkrk dfn okk` mpk`nasgussam`s fomut gdf`bks tm tdk kxfia`ftam` rkbaik.

Rrattk` rkpmrts tm pfrk`ts a`nagftkn wdktdkr tdkar gdajnrk` wkrk pkremria`b ft, fomvk mr okjmwkxpkgtftam`s a` rkjftam` tm tdkar `kxt stkps a` jkfrà`b. _kbujfr ikkta`bs oktwkk` tkfgdkrs f`n pfrk`ts

tm nasguss tfrbkt sktta`b f`n prmbrkss wkrk wkjj fttk`nkn. Xfrk`ts vfjukn tdk sgdmmj‑s aèmriftam` pmrtfjemr bftdkra`b nktfajs fomut tdkar gdajnrk`‑s fgdakvkik`ts.

Kxtk`savk pfrt`krsdap frrf`bkik`ts watd mtdkr sgdmmjs f`n tdk ormfnkr gmiiuàty f`n wkrk keekgtavk a`suppmrta`b stunk`ts‑ nkvkjmpik`t. Xfrk`tfj strk`btds f`n a`tkrksts wkrk nkpjmykn tm bavk tdki f` fgtavkrmjk a` tdk sgdmmj. ^dk sgdmmj k`lmykn vkry bmmn ja`cs watd tdk gmiiuàty f`n mtdkr sgdmmjs a` Nuofa f`nokym`n. ^dksk pmsatavk fspkgts me tdk sgdmmj k`df`gkn stunk`ts‑ jkfrà`b f`n fgdakvkik`ts.

Bmvkr`f`gk Ukry bmmn

Bmvkr`mrs gmujn gjkfrjy frtagujftk tdk sgdmmj‑s strk`btds f`n frkfs emr nkvkjmpik`t. ^dky wkrk nknagftkntm k`bfba`b a` wkjj-suppmrtkn aiprmvkik`t fgtam`s. Wgdmmj jkfnkrs f`n gmrpmrftk meeagkrs wmrckn gjmskjywatd tdk pfrk`ts tm okttkr u`nkrstf`n tdkar pkrspkgtavks. Emr kxfipjk, meeagkrs fttk`nkn pfrk`ts‑ikkta`bs, tdkrk wkrk rkbujfr, a`-nkptd survkys f`n pfrk`tfj k`bfbkik`t prmbrfiiks ormubdt tdkpfrk`ts f`n gmrpmrftk meeagkrs tmbktdkr a` tdkar sdfrkn fioatam` tm aiprmvk tdk stunk`ts‑ pkrsm`fj f`nfgfnkiag nkvkjmpik`t.

^dk kxkgutavk pra`gapfj wfs dkjn fggmu`tfojk emr nfy-tm-nfy ifttkrs. ^dk jkfnkrsdaps‑ keekgtavk`kss f`nstfckdmjnkrs‑ sftasefgtam` wkrk imàtmrkn tdrmubd rkbujfr survkys f`n ekn a`tm tdk sgdmmj‑s skje -kvfjuftam`. ^dk sgdmmj‑s jkfnkrsdap ok`keatkn ermi tdk —gratagfj erak`n‑ rmjk me bmvkr`f`gk wdagd prmvankn

tdk `kgkssfry sdfrp emgus m` gm`taùfjjy rfasa`b stf`nfrns. Bmvkr`f`gk dfn rkspm`nkn tm tdk prkvamus rkpmrt rkgmiik`nftam` tm rknugk stunk`t ùiokrs a` gjfssks

f`n aiprmvk stfee-tm-stunk`t rftams. Ca`nkrbfrtk` 6 gjfss sazks dfn okk` skt ft f ifxaiui me ?; gdajnrk`f`n f` mrbfàg prmbrfiik me rknuga`b gjfss sazks wfs oka`b a`trmnugkn mvkr f pkramn me taik. ^dkprmvasam` me gmiprkdk`savk stfee trfaà`b prmbrfiiks wfs f strk`btd, sdfra`b bmmn prfgtagk f`n `kwankfs.


23/24

BKIW Mur Mw` K`bjasd Dabd Wgdmmj - A`spkgtam` _kpmrt ?86;-?865 ??

If`fbkik`t, stfeea`b, efgajataks f`n rksmurgks Ukry bmmn

^dk nfy-tm-nfy if`fbkik`t me tdas vkry jfrbk sgdmmj wfs vkry bmmn. âiktfoja`b wfs scajeujjy mrbfàsknf`n nfajy prmgknurks rf` simmtdjy. ^dkrk wfs, mvkrfjj, f quakt keeagak`gy wdagd wfs kvank`t a` fjj fspkgtsme tdk wmrca`b me tdk sgdmmj.

F strm`b if`fbkik`t ekfturk wfs tdk k`df`gkik`t me tdk rmjk me iannjk if`fbkrs tm nkvkjmpnastraoutavk jkfnkrsdap. Fjimst fjj stfee wkrk fpprmpraftkjy qufjaeakn f`n nkpjmykn. A`nugtam` prmgknurksemr `kw stfee wkrk tdmrmubd f`n tdk imàtmra`b me tdkar prmbrkss wfs nktfajkn.

Xrkiasks wkrk me vkry bmmn qufjaty f`n kxtrkikjy wkjj ifa`tfa`kn. ^dky wkrk wkjj uskn tm prmimtkstunk`t fgdakvkik`t f`n ifa`tfa`kn a` f wfy tdft wfs gm`nugavk tm qufjaty jkfrà`b.

^dk AG^ rksmurgks fgquarkn sa`gk tdk prkvamus a`spkgtam` dfn eurtdkr k`df`gkn stunk`ts‑ jkfrà`bmppmrtuàtaks. F wank rf`bk me rksmurgks dfn okk` prmvankn tm prmimtk vkry keekgtavk tkfgda`b f`n

jkfrà`b.


24/24

^dk vakws me tdk pfrk`ts, tkfgdkrs f`n stunk`ts

Okemrk tdk a`spkgtam`, tdk vakws me tdk pfrk`ts, tkfgdkrs f`n skàmr skgm`nfry stunk`ts wkrk survkykn. Ckyikssfbks ermi kfgd brmup wkrk gm`sankrkn nura`b tdk a`spkgtam` f`n tdksk dkjpkn tm emri a`spkgtam` lunbkik`ts. F suiifry me tdk survky stftastags f`n gmiik`ts ermi tdmsk wdm rkspm`nkn tm tdk survky emjjmws<

_kspm`sks tm tdk survkys

_kspm`sks rkgkavkn @uiokr

Xfrk`ts

?86;-?865 >;>7

?86>-?86;

75?7

^kfgdkrs

>7?

Wtunk`ts

?6?8

*^dk ùiokr me rkspm`sks ermi pfrk`ts as ofskn m` tdk ùiokr me efiajaks.

Mvkrfjj, fjimst fjj pfrk`ts wkrk sftaseakn watd tdk sgdmmj, fjtdmubd f ia`mraty me stunk`ts wkrk `mtsftaseakn.

Fjimst fjj pfrk`ts stftkn tdkar gdajnrk` ifnk bmmn prmbrkss a` K`bjasd3 imst ekjt tdas emr iftdkiftagsf`n sgak`gk. A` iftdkiftags, f ekw stunk`ts ekjt tdky wkrk `mt ifca`b bmmn prmbrkss3 f ia`mraty nan`mt c`mw.

Fjimst fjj tkfgdkrs ekjt tdft stunk`ts nkvkjmpkn f bmmn fwfrk`kss me mtdkr gujturks f`n fù`nkrstf`na`b me tdk aipmrtf`gk me Asjfiag vfjuks a` Nuofa. ^das gm`trfstkn watd f tdarn me stunk`tsekkja`b tdft tdky dfn `m mr jaiatkn mppmrtuàtaks tm jkfr` fomut Kiarfta dkratfbk.

Fjimst fjj tkfgdkrs ekjt tdk sgdmmj meekrkn f bmmn rf`bk me kxtrf-gurragujfr fgtavataks3 f jfrbk ia`mraty mestunk`ts wkrk `mt sftaseakn watd tdksk. Fjimst fjj tkfgdkrs ekjt tdft pfrk`ts f`n stunk`ts wkrk ckpt uptm nftk fomut stunk`t prmbrkss. Xfrk`ts suppmrtkn tdas vakw, f`n kxprksskn tdkar sftasefgtam` watd

fsskssik`t, ifrca`b f`n rkpmrta`b. Xfrk`ts, tkfgdkrs f`n stunk`ts strm`bjy fbrkkn tdft stunk`ts wkrk sfek a` sgdmmj f`n m` tdk sgdmmj

ousks.

Ae ymu dfvk f gm`gkr` mr wasd tm gmiik`t m` f`y fspkgt me tdas rkpmrt, ymu sdmujn gm`tfgt

KHDA Gems Our Own English High School 2015 2016

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