Khalil Gibran Et l'Immigration

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KHALIL GIBRAN

ETLIMMIGRATION


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PLAN

I- Le cadre spacio-tmeporel de limmigration aux EU

1- La naissance de Ellis Island2- Les causes de limmigration3- Le rve Americain4- Larrive Ellis Island5- Du rve la ralit

II- Khalil Gibran1- Childhood And Early Life2- Immigration To The USA3- South End Boston

4- His Career5- His Death

III- Sources1- Resources Sitographiques2- Resources Bibliographiques3- Ressources Discogr


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I- CADRE SPACIO-TEMPOREL DE LIMMIGRATION AUX EU:

1- LA NAISSANCE DE ELLIS ISLAND

De 1892 1954, plus de vingt-huitmillions d'immigrants entrs auxtats-Unis travers le portail

d'Ellis Island, une petite le au portde New York. Ellis Island est situedans la baie suprieure, juste aularge de la cte du New Jersey,dans l'ombre de la statue de la

Libert. Au fil des ans, cettepasserelle vers le Nouveau Mondea t largie partir de son origine3,3 hectares 27,5 hectare. Elle at choisie car cest une le doncisole pour viter tout risque decontagion, cest un lieu de


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2- LES CAUSES DE LIMMIGRATION

- La famine Irlandaise (1845-1850):Depuis la maladie des pommes de terre, lIrlandais est dgag de son

amour pour le sol. Il a peur de ne pouvoir vivre dans son pays; il songe fairefortune et espre trouver le bonheur sur une autre terre.

Jules De Lasteyrie, LIrlande depuis la dernire famine, 1853

- La propagande des autorits publiques:- Causes politiques et religieuses- Les salaires bas


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- Le rve dune meilleure vie: Le rve Americain,

Ici et lbas; lmmigration, un remde


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4- LARRIVEE A ELLIS ISLAND

Ellis Island, la terre promise ne remplissait pas ses promesses pour tout le monde.

larrive, les passagers qui voyageaient en premire et en seconde classe ntaientsoumis qu un contrle rapide. Mais les passagers qui voyageaient en troisime classe(cest--dire dans les cales des navires) dbarquaient sur lle fatigus et souventmalades, aprs une traverse prouvante dans des conditions difficiles. Ils taient alorsexamins par des mdecins qui vrifiaient quilsnavaient pas de handicaps physiquesou de maladies contagieuses. Ceux qui ne correspondaient pas aux critres de sant

requis taient marqus la craie par les mdecins : un E pour les problmes dyeux(eye), un H pour les problmes de coeur (heart), un X pour les pathologies mentales, etainsi de suite.La plupart des immigrants ne passaient quequelques heures Ellis Island, le temps depasser lexamen mdical puis un entretiendentre aux tats-Unis. Ceux qui avaient treprs pour des problmes de sant taientretenus et hbergs dans des dortoirs. Laplupart ne restaient l quun ou deux jours,jusqu ce quun de leurs proches viennent leschercher. Dans les cas les plus difficiles, lesmalades taient retenus plusieurs semaines.

Au total, seulement 2% dentre eux taientfinalement expulss du territoire amricain.


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8/22La visite mdicale Ellis Island, 1910


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5- DU REVE A LA REALITE

- Les immigrs sont dcus par laccueilquils reoivent car ils sonttraits comme un troupeau danimaux, soumis un contrleadministratif et mdical.- Les immigrs se regroupent par communautees dorigines etutilisent ces liens pour jouer un rle lors des lections. Ils sont doncmal vus par les amricains plus anciens.- Certains rentrent en Europe encore plus pauvres quavant- Il y a xnophobie entre anciens et nouveaux immigrs.

Les immigrs voient leurs spoirs dcus car la ralit dans leur pays daccueilest diffrent de ce quil ont imagin


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1- CHILDHOOD & EARLY LIFEGibran Khalil Gibran was born on January 6,1883, to the Maronite family of Gibran in Bsharri,an area in Northern Lebanon.

His mother Kamila Rahmeh begot Gibran fromher third husband Khalil Gibran, who proved to bean irresponsible husband leading the family topoverty.

Gibran proved to be a solitary and pensive childwho relished the natural surroundings of thecascading falls, the rugged cliffs and theneighboring green cedars, the beauty of which

turned out to be a dramatic and symbolicinfluence to his drawings and writings.

Living in poverty, he did not receive any formaleducation or learning, which was limited to regularvisits to a village priest who taught him the

essentials of the Bible and its religion.Recognizing Gibran's inquisitive and alert nature,

II- KHALIL GIBRAN:


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2- IMMIGRATION TO THE USA

At the age of eight, Gibran's father (Khalil Gibran),was accused of tax evasion and was sent to prisonas the Ottomon authorities confiscated theGibrans' property and left them homeless.The family went to live with relatives for a while;however, the strong-willed mother decided that thefamily should immigrate to the U.S. trough Ellis

Island, seeking a better life and following in suit toGibran's uncle who immigrated earlier.

The Gibrans settled in Boston, which at the timehosted the second largest Syrian community in theU.S. following New York. The culturally diversearea felt familiar to Gibrans mother Kamila, who

was familiar to the Arabic language. Kamila, nowthe bread-earner of the family, began to work as apeddler on the poor streets of South End Boston.At the time, peddling was the major source ofincome for most Syrian immigrants.


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3- SOUTH EN BOSTON

Gibran entered school at the age of 12, merely twomonths after his arrival in the U.S.

Having no formal education, he was placed in anungraded class reserved for immigrant children,who had to learn English from scratch. Gibrancaught the eye of his teachers with his sketchesand drawings, a hobby he had started during hischildhood in Lebanon.In his school, a registration mistake altered hisname forever by shortening it to Kahlil Gibran,which remained unchanged till the rest of his lifedespite repeated attempts at restoring his fullname.


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At 21 years old, Gibran held his first art exhibition ofhis drawings in Boston at Fred Days studio.

4- HIS CARRER

Gibrans work:-- The Madman(1918)--The Prophet (1923)

--Sand and Foam(1926)--Kingdom of the Imagination(1927)--Jesus, The Son of Man(1928)--The Earth Gods(1931)--The Wanderer(1932)--Lazarus and his Beloved(Play, 1933)


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Gibran's best-known work is The Prophet, abook composed of twenty-six poetic essays.The book became especially popular during

the 1960s with the New Age movements.Since it was first published in 1923, Theprophet has never been out of print. Havingbeen translated into more then forty languages,it was one of the best-selling books of thetwentieth century in the United States.


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Then said Almitra, "Speak to us of Love."And he raised his head and looked upon the people, and there fell a stillness upon them. And wit

a great voice he said:When love beckons to you follow him,

Though his ways are hard and steep.And when his wings enfold you yield to him,Though the sword hidden among his pinions may wound you. And when he speaks to you believ

in him,Though his voice may shatter your dreams as the north wind lays waste the garden.For even as love crowns you so shall he crucify you. Even as he is for your growth so is he for

your pruning.Even as he ascends to your height and caresses your tenderest branches that quiver in the sun,So shall he descend to your roots and shake them in their clinging to the earth. Like sheaves of

corn he gathers you unto himself.He threshes you to make you naked.He sifts you to free you from your husks.He grinds you to whiteness.

He kneads you until you are pliant;And then he assigns you to his sacred fire, that you may become sacred bread for God's sacredfeast.

All these things shall love do unto you that you may know the secrets of your heart, and in thatknowledge become a fragment of Life's heart.

But if in your fear you would seek only love's peace and love's pleasure,Then it is better for you that you cover your nakedness and pass out of love's threshing-floor,

Into the seasonless world where you shall laugh, but not all of your laughter, and weep, but not alof your tears.


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Love gives naught but itself and takes naught but from itself.Love possesses not nor would it be possessed; For love is sufficient unto love.

When you love you should not say, "God is in my heart," but rather, I am in the heartof God."

And think not you can direct the course of love, if it finds you worthy, directs yourcourse.

Love has no other desire but to fulfil itself.

But if you love and must needs have desires, let these be your desires:To melt and be like a running brook that sings its melody to the night.To know the pain of too much tenderness.To be wounded by your own understanding of love;And to bleed willingly and joyfully.To wake at dawn with a winged heart and give thanks for another day of loving;To rest at the noon hour and meditate love's ecstasy;

To return home at eventide with gratitude;And then to sleep with a prayer for the beloved in your heart and a song of praise

upon your lips.


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5- HIS DEATH

Gibran died in New York City, in 1931, the cause was the cirrhosis ofthe liver and tuberculosis.

Before his death, Gibran expressed the wish that he be buried inLebanon.The words written next to Gibrans grave are :

a word I want to see written next to my grave: I am alive likeyou, and I am standing beside you. Close your eyes and look

around, you will see me in front of you


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III- SOURCES

1- RESSOURCES SITOGRAPHIQUES:

www.ellisisland.orghttp://www.ellisisland.org/genealogy/ellis_island_history.aspThe National Park Service

http://www.babelio.com/auteur/Khalil-Gibran/2880

Wikipedia

http://www.nps.gov/elis/historyculture/upload/Brief-History-of-Ellis-Island.pdfNational Park Service

http://crdp.ac-paris.fr/seanceplus/goldendoor/document_anglais.htm
http://www.ellisisland.org/http://www.babelio.com/auteur/Khalil-Gibran/2880http://www.nps.gov/elis/historyculture/upload/Brief-History-of-Ellis-Island.pdfhttp://www.nps.gov/elis/historyculture/upload/Brief-History-of-Ellis-Island.pdfhttp://www.nps.gov/elis/historyculture/upload/Brief-History-of-Ellis-Island.pdfhttp://www.nps.gov/elis/historyculture/upload/Brief-History-of-Ellis-Island.pdfhttp://www.nps.gov/elis/historyculture/upload/Brief-History-of-Ellis-Island.pdfhttp://www.nps.gov/elis/historyculture/upload/Brief-History-of-Ellis-Island.pdfhttp://www.nps.gov/elis/historyculture/upload/Brief-History-of-Ellis-Island.pdfhttp://www.nps.gov/elis/historyculture/upload/Brief-History-of-Ellis-Island.pdfhttp://www.nps.gov/elis/historyculture/upload/Brief-History-of-Ellis-Island.pdfhttp://www.nps.gov/elis/historyculture/upload/Brief-History-of-Ellis-Island.pdfhttp://www.nps.gov/elis/historyculture/upload/Brief-History-of-Ellis-Island.pdfhttp://www.babelio.com/auteur/Khalil-Gibran/2880http://www.babelio.com/auteur/Khalil-Gibran/2880http://www.babelio.com/auteur/Khalil-Gibran/2880http://www.babelio.com/auteur/Khalil-Gibran/2880http://www.ellisisland.org/http://www.ellisisland.org/http://www.ellisisland.org/


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2- RESSOURCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUES:

Livre Histoire 2nd edition Nathan 2011:-Joseph Keplper

11 janvier 1993(doc 10 pagae 25)

-The Illustrated London News15 juillet 1848(doc 1 page 22)

-La visite medicale a Ellis IslandNew York 1910(doc 7 page 24)

Khalil Gibran. Oeuvre completes

Robert LaffontEdition Bouquins2006

Khalil Gibran Et l'Immigration

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