1

2

k|fSsygk|fSsyg g]kfnsf *! k|ltzt hgtfsf] hLljsf]kfh{g s[lifdf lge{/ 5 . of] If]q /fi6«sf] cy{tGqsf] d]?b08sf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . bLw{sfnLg s[lif of]hgfn] bzf{Pcg'?k laBdfg l:yltdf o; If]qn] cfly{s j[l4sf] OlGhgsf] ?kdf sfd ug'{ kb{5 eGg] tYonfO{ >L % sf] ;/sf/n] :jLsf/ ul/;s]sf] 5 .

lautsf bzsb]lv ePsf] qmlds k|ultsf] kmn:j?k s[lifIf]qdf k|ultsf ;ª\s]tx? b]lvPsf 5g\ . pTkfbg j[l4 ePsf] 5 . If]qkmnsf] la:tf/sf ;fy} pTkfbsTjdf ;d]t clej[l4 ePsf] 5 . v]tL ul/g] hUufsf] 7"nf] efu Psn jfnL k|0ffnLaf6 ax'jfnL k|0ffnLdf kl/0ft ePsf] 5 / jfnLsf] ;3gtf #)) k|ltzt ;Dd j[l4 ePsf] 5 . o;} u/L kmnkm"n, t/sf/L tyf sltko gub]jfnLsf] la:tf/af6 pTkfbg j[l4df of]ubfg k'Ug uPsf] 5 . k|lt PsfO hldg Pj+ hnIf]qdf kz', k+5L Pj+ dT:okfngsf] 3gTjsf] j[l4af6 hgtfnfO{ cfjZos df;', b"w, km'n tyf df5fsf] pTkfbgdf j[l4 ePsf] 5 . o;af6 ;fdfGo?kdf kf]if0f :t/df j[l4 x'g uPsf] 5 . ;fy}, g]kfnsf sltko s[lifhGo pBf]ux?nfO{ o;} If]qaf6 sRrf kbfy{ klg pknAw ePsf] 5 .

s[lifIf]qdf ul/g] laleGg k|sf/sf cg';GwfgnfO{ ;do ;fk]If jgfO{ ;+rfng ug{ g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifbsf] ;+/rgf / ;+u7gdf kl/jt{g ul/Psf] 5 . kl/ifb\sf] o; @) aif]{ cjwf/0ffn]] /fli6«o:t/df s[lif / s[lif;Fu cfjWb k|fs[lts ;|f]t;DaGwL cg';Gwfg kWbltsf] k|efjsfl/tf xfl;n ug{ ;ªu7gfTds Pj+ Aoj:yfksLo kIfdf hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 . ;xsdL{, ;fem]bf/ / ;/f]sf/jfnfx? ;+u ldn]/ /fli6«o :t/df sfd ug]{ k|lqmof o; kl/jt{gsf] d'Vo clek|fo /xg]5 . cfufdL lbgx?df s[lif cg';Gwfg, 1fg-lj1fg, k|ljlw / ;3g k"FhLdf cfwfl/t x'b} hfg] x'Fbf cGt/f{li6«o tT;DjlGw bIftfsf] pko'Qm ;b'kof]usf] k|of; cfjZos x'g]5 . ;fy}, cg';Gwfgstf{sf] sfo{Ifdtf j[l4sf nflu cg';Gwfg;DaGwL ;+:yfx? / /fli6«o z}lIfs ;+:yfx?aLr lgs6:t ;DaGw sfod x'g' cfjZos 5 .

hg;+Vofsf] cgj/t j[l4, k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] lju|bf] l:ylt,kof{j/0fLo k|b"if0f, h}las ljljwtfdf x|f; af}lWbs ;DklQ ;'/Ifflwsf/ ;DjlGw cw'/f] 1fg, vfB;'/Iffdf ;Lldt kxF'r h:tf laifo dxTjk"0f{ / ljrf/0fLo ;d:ofsf?kdf /x]sf 5g\ . oL ;d:of ;dfwfgdf g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\n] lg0ff{os e"ldsf v]Ng'kg]{5 . o;sf] nflu kl/ifb\n] k|ljlw ljsf;sf] lgldQ pko'Qm cg';Gwfg k|0ffnL c+lusf/ u/L b]z / b]z jflx/sf ljleGg ;+3-;:yfx?sf] ;fem]bf/Ldf k|jw{g u/L sfo{ ;+rfng ug]{5 .

k|:t't cjwf/0ffsf] tof/Ldf of]ubfg k'/\ofpg] /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf dfggLo ;b:o >L xl/z+s/ lqkf7L, s[lif tyf ;xsf/L dGqfno Pj+ g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifbsf kbflwsf/Lx? / cGo ;+nUg AolQmx?sf] d ;/fxgf ub{5' . kl/ifbsf] o; k|of;n] s[lif cg';Gwfg k|0ffnLsf]] ljsf;nfO{ ;xLlbzftkm{ lglb{i6 ug{ ;xof]u ug]{5 eGg] d}n] cfzf /fv]sf] 5' . g]kfnL hgtfsf] ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s cj:yfnfO{ p7fpg cfjZos cg';Gwfgsf sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogsf lglDt ;|f]t / ;fwg /fli6«o Pj+ cGt//fli6«o :t/af6 h'6fpg g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\ ;Ifd x'g]5 eGg] laZjf; u/]sf] 5' . g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df s[lif tyf ;DjlGwt k|fs[lts ;|f]t cg';GwfgnfO{ cfjZos ;xof]u k'/\ofpg / bL3{sfnLg cjwf/0ff af/]sf] o; k|ltj]bgdf pNn]lvt ;'wf/fTds sf/jfxLsf nflu >L % sf] ;/sf/ sl6a4 /x]sf] 5 . /0fgLlt ;lxt tof/ ePsf] kl/ifb\sf] o; cjwf/0ffsf] ;kmn sfof{Gjogsf] sfdgf ub{5' .

dx]z cfrfo dx]z cfrfo { cWoIf, g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\

Pj + Pj + s [ l i f tyf ;xsf/L dGqLs [ l i f tyf ;xsf/L dGqL

3

e"ldsfe"ldsf

s"n hg;+Vofsf] sl/j *! k|ltzt hgtfnfO{ hLjg lgjf{x / /f]huf/sf] k|ToIf cj;/ lbg] s[lifIf]qn] s"n /fli6«o ufx{:y pTkfbgdf cu|0fL of]ubfg lbb}+ cfPsf] 5 . k|:t't aL;jif{] cjwf/0ffn] jt{dfg lgj{fxd"vL s[lif pTkfbg ;+/rgfnfO{ cfw'lgsLs/0f tyf Joj;foLs/0f tkm{ pGd'v u/fpg ;xof]u ug]{ 5 eGg] d]/f] ljZjf; 5 . bL3{sfnLg s[lif of]hgfsf] cjwf/0ffcg'?k s[lifIf]qnfO{ cu'jfIf]qsf] ?kdf cufl8 j9fpg k|ljlwsf] ljsf; tyf k|efjsf/L k|;f/ tyf k|of]un] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng] ePsfn] s[lif cg';GwfnfO{ j9L dxTj lbOPsf] xf] . ef}uf]lns ;DefJotfsf] cfwf/df cfjZos ;|f]t-;fwg / ;]jfnfO{ PsLs[t?kdf pknJw u/fO s[lifIf]qsf] pTkfbsTj j[l4 ug'{ / o; If]qnfO{ Joj;foLs/0f u/L b]zsf] ul/jL lgjf/0f, vfB ;'/Iff tyf cy{tGqsf] pRr cfly{s j[l4df cu'jf If]qsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug{df aL;jif]{ s[lif cg';Gwfgsf] cjwf/0ffn] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng]5 eGg] ck]Iff /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]un] u/]sf] 5 . /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]un] lnPsf] bL3{sfnLg ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ffcg';f/ s[lif tyf k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;DjGwL k|ljlwx? jhf/]fGd'v Joj:yfnfO{ j9fjf lbg] vfnsf] x'g'kg]{, ;/sf/nfO{ ;xhsf/L / lgodgfTds e"ldsf v]Ng ;3fp x'g] tyf s[lifnufotsf If]qdf lghLIf]qsf] e"ldsf clej[l4 ug]{lt/ pGd'v u/fpg] u/L tof/ kfl/Psf] aL;jif]{ cjwf/0ff xfnsf] cj:yfdf ;do;fk]If /x]sf] 5 . s[lif cg';Gwfg tyf k|fs[lts ;|f]t k|ljlw ljsf; sfo{nfO{ glthfd"ns Pj+ pTkfbgd"ns jgfpg >L % sf] ;/sf/n] k|bfg\ u/]sf] cfly{s ;|f]tsf] cltl/Qm cGo ;|f]tx?sf] ;d]t Joj:yf ug{] hdsf]{ k|:t't cjwf/0ffn]] u/]sf] x'+bf s[lif cg';Gwfgsf] k|efjsfl/tf cem a9\g] d}n] ljZjf; lnPsf] 5' . k|:t't cjwf/0ffsf] ;kmn sfof{Gjogsf] nflu /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u cfˆgf] e"ldsf lgjf{xdf ;hu /xg] k|ltj4tf JoQm ub}{ k|ltj]bg tof/ kfg{ ;3fp k'¥ofpg] ;j} k|lt cfef/ JoQm ub}{ cjwf/0ffsf] ;kmn sfjf{Gjogsf nflu g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\k|lt z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5' . xl/z+s/ lqkf7L ;b:o, /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u

4

b'O { zJbb'O { zJb

b]zsf] cfly{s ljsf; Pj+ hgtfsf] hLljsf]kfh{gsf] d"ne"t cfwf/ s[lif g} /x]sf] tYonfO{ Wofgdf /fvL o;If]qnfO{ cfhsf] jblnbf] kl/l:ylt cg'?k kl/jt{g ub}{ nfg'kg]{ cfjZostf /x]sf] 5 . s[lif ljsf;sf] cleofgdf Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ cª\usf] ?kdf /x]sf] s[lif cg';Gwfgsf] kIfnfO{ kl/jlt{t Pj+ kl/dflh{t ub}{ n}hfg' ;fGble{s x'G5 . ljutdf s[lif ljsf;sf y'k|} k|oTgx? ePtfklg ck]Iff cg'?k ;kmntf xfl;n x'g ;s]gg\ . o; kl/k]|Ifdf s[lif ljsf;sf nflu 7f]; gLltut cjwf/0ff Pj+ sfo{gLlt tof/ kfg'{ cToGt} h?/L x'g cfPsf] 5 . cfjlws /fli6«o of]hgfx? Pj+ bL3{sfnLg s[lif gLlt (Agricultural Perspective Plan) n] lgl{{bi6 u/]sf kl/sNkgfx?nfO{ cfwf/ dfgL tof/ kfl/Psf] k|:t't cjwf/0ffn] s[lif cg';Gwfgsf] ;+:yfut :j?k Pj+ bfo/fnfO{ cem km/flsnf] jgfO{ Pp6f k4ltsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug]{ c7f]6 lnPsf] 5 . o;jf6 g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifbsf] ;+:yfut ;+/rgfdf klg s]xL kl/jt{g cfO{ s[lif tyf k|fs[lts ;|f]t;DjGwL cg';Gwfg sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogdf ljleGg kIfx?nfO{ ;xefuL jgfpg] / cg';Gwfgstf{ Pj+ ;DjlGwt lgsfox? ;fy} nlIft ju{jLr ;dGjosf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ Pp6f zLif{:y lgsfosf] ?kdf kl/ifb\ ljsl;t x'b} hfg] ck]Iff ug{ ;lsG5 . o;jf6 k|fyldstfd"ns cg';Gwfg sfo{qmdx?sf ;fy} vfB ;'/Iff, ul/jL pGd'ng, jftfj/0fLo ;Gt'ng, n}+lus ;dtfsf b[li6n] pko'Qm sfo{qmdx?sf] ;+rfng / cg';Gwfg tyf k|;f/sf] cGt/;DjGwdf lj:tf/ x'g hfg] cfzf klg ug{ ;lsG5 . o; cjwf/0ffn]] vfB ;'/Iff l:yltnfO{ ;'b[9 ug]{, u|fdL0f :t/sf s[ifsx?sf] cfocfh{gdf j[l4 Nofpg] tyf s[lifIf]qsf] lbuf] ljsf; ug]{ h:tf p2]Zo k|flKtsf] lbzfdf dfu{bz{g k|bfg u/L ljifout /0fgLlt Pj+ sfo{gLltsf] dfu{ lglb{i6 u/fpg ;3fp k'¥ofpg] 5 . o;jf6 kl/ifb\sf] jt{dfg sfo{z}nLdf kl/jt{g cfO{ cg';Gwfgsf] k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f, sfof{Gjog, hgzlQm Pj+ cfly{s ;|f]t kl/rfng h:tf sfo{x? cem pTs[i6 9+ª\un] ;DkGg x'g] ljZjf; u/]sf] 5' . g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb g]kfnL hgtfsf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs l:yltdf ;'wf/ Nofpg j9L eGbf j9L of]ubfg k'¥ofpg] ;+:yfsf] ?kdf ljsl;t x'b} hfg] s'/fdf d ljZj:t 5' . k|:t't cjwf/0ffdf pNN]v ePcg';f/ sfg"gL Joj:yf Pj+ ;'wf/sf sfdsf/jfxLdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] s[lif tyf ;xsf/L dGqfno sl6j4 /x]sf] 5 . of] k|ltj]bg tof/ kfg{ ;+nUg /x]sf ;j}nfO{ wGojfb lbG5' . /Tg]Zj/nfn sfo:y ;lrj s[lif tyf ;xsf/L dGqfno

5

sl6j4tfsl6j4tf g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb s[lif cg';Gwfgsf nflu g]kfnsf] Ps zLif{:y ;+:yf xf] . ljZjsf] kl/jt{gzLn cfly{s, /fhg}lts Pj+ k|fljlws kIfcg'?k g]kfnsf] s[lif klg kl/dfh{gtkm{ pGd'v 5 . jt{dfg ljZjJofkLs/0fsf] kl/k|]If vf;u/L ;|f]t Pj+ ;fwgsf] ;fem]bf/Ldf ljZjsf d'n'sx? Pscfk;df cfj4 Pj+ lge{/ 5g\ . s[lif ;+u ;DjlGwt b'O{ k|sf/sf k|d'v r'gf}tL 5g\ . g]kfndf Pstkm{ s[lifIf]qsf] lbuf] ljsf;af6 ul/jL lgjf/0f ug'{{ 5 eg] csf]{tkm{ s[lif If]qsf] Aofj;flos/0fsf] k|Zg 5 . g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df vf;u/L ;;fgf s[ifs ;+u ;DjlGwt v]tL k|0ffnLsf] ;kmntfdf :ki6 b[li6af]w x'g' cToGt cfjZos 5 . g]kfnsf] uf|dL0f hghLjgsf] ;fdflhs-cfly{s ;d'Ggltsf] nflu s[lifIf]qdf j}1flgs k4ltsf] ;d'lrt pkof]u ug'{ Ps d'Vo pkfo xf] . k|:t't cjwf/0ff ax'cfoflds / jx'k4ltdf cfwfl/t /x]sf] 5 . o;df k"0ff{ËL0f tl/sf (Holistic approach) / ;fwgsf] k|efjsf/L pkof]unfO{ cfwf/ jgfOPsf] 5 . o;n] bL3{sfnLg s[lif of]hgfsf] p2]Zo xfl;n ug{ ;DjlGwt ;a}nfO{ kyk|bz{g ug]{5 . o; cjwf/0f cg's'n sfo{x?sf] ;kmntfk"j{s sfof{Gjog ul/Pdf ul/jL lgjf/0fdf / hgtfsf] kf}li6s cfxf/f :t/df j[l4 ug{ d2t ldNg]5 . ;fy} Joj;foLs/0f (commercialization) / lalzi6Ls/0f (specialization) sf] ultnfO{ ;d]t o;af6 lta|tf ldNg]5 . k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] ljgfzsf] qmd /f]Sg klg o; jf6 of]ubfg k'Ug]5 . k|:t't bL3{sfnLg aL;aif{] cjwf/0fn]] g]kfn s[lif cg";Gwfg kl/ifb\nfO{ g]kfnsf] s[lif k4ltsf pko'Qm k|ljlw ljsf;sf nflu cfjZos gLltsf] th'{df / cg';Gwfg sfo{qmd lgwf{/0f a9L lqmofzLn x'g cfx\jfg u/]sf] 5 . ;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L tyf k|fl1s ;+:yfsf laleGg bIf Pj+ cg'ejL JolQmx?;Fusf] k6s k6ssf] 5nkmn / cGt/lqmofsf] kmn:j?k k|:t't k|ltj]bg tof/ ePsf] 5 . of] k|ltj]bg tof/Ldf kl/ifbsf cWoIf tyf dfggLo s[lif tyf ;xsf/L dGqL >L dx]z cfrfo{Ho" / k"j{ s[lif dGqLHo"x?jf6 7"nf] k|]/0ff k|fKt ePsf] 5 . s[lif tyf ;xsf/L dGqfno / cGtu{tsf laefu Pj+ lgsfox?af6 ax'd"No ;'emfpx? pknAw ePsf 5g\ . To;} u/L kl/ifb\sf j}1flgsx?, s[lif cg';Gwfg tyf k|;f/ cfof]hgf, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx? / ljleGg JolQmx?af6 ;d]t ;'emfp pknAw ePsf 5g\ . k|ltj]bg tof/Lsf] l;nl;nfdf ;+rfng ul/Psf sfo{zfnf uf]i7L Pj+ cGt/ls|ofsf a}7sx?af6 ax'd"No /rgfTds ;'emfpx? k|fKt ePsf 5g\ . k|:t't cjwf/0ff g]kfnsf] s[lif tyf k|fs[lts ;|f]t;DaGwL cg';Gwfg k4ltsf] ljsf;df ;xfosl;4 x'g] s'/fdf d cfzfjfbL 5' . o;jf6 hgtfsf] hLljsfdf dxTjk"0f{ kl/jt{g Nofpg ;xof]u k'Ug] / s[lifsf] pGglt / ljsf;sfnflu cfGtl/s Pj+ jfx\o ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf] ;+nUgtfdf clej[l4 ug]{ jftfj/0fsf] l;h{gf x'g] s'/fdf klg d ljZj:t 5' . ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnf x?nfO{ cf–cfˆgf] tkm{af6 s[lif tyf ;DalGwt k|fs[lts ;|f]t cg';Gwfgdf ;l/s u/fpg] lbzfdf o; cjwf/0ff pkof]uL eO{ o;jf6 s[lif k|0ffnLdf lgk'0ftf / k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] lbuf] Aoj:yfkgsf] l;h{gf x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . cjwf/0ffsf] tof/Ldf ;+nUg ;j} k|lt d xflb{s cfef/ k|s6 ub{5' .

/3'gfy k|;fb ;fksf]6f sf=d'= sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs

g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb

6

laifo ;"rLlaifo ;"rL k|fSsygk|fSsyg e"ldsfe"ldsf b ' 'O { zJbb' 'O { zJb sl6j4tfsl6j4tf ;f/f +z;f/f +z ** != kl/ro !) @= ;'wf/sf] cfjZostf !) #= ;fGwle{s k|s/0fx? !@ #=! ljZjJofkLs/0f MPs r'gf}tL !@ #=@= s[lif M ljsf;sf] d"n !# $= ljBdfg /0fgLlts ljifox? !$ $=! /fli6«o gLltx? !$ $=@ cg';Gwfg sfof{jnL !$ $=# k|ljlw x:tfGt/0f !$ $=$ ;+:yf-laifout tyf r'gf}tLx? !% $=% ul/jL, ;dfgtf Pj+ n}+lËs ;/f]sf/ laifos ;+of]hg !% $=^ lbuf] jftfj/0fLo l:ylt !^ $=& s[lif Joj;foLs/0f !^ $=* ljljw cfly{s ;xof]u ;|f]t !^ %= eljiosf] b[li6sf]0f / sfof{lwsf/ !& %=! g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifbsf] e"ldsf !& %=@ kl/jlt{t ;+:yfut ;+/rgf !* %=# lhDd]jf/L !* %=$ ljBdfg kl/ifb\sf] cfGtl/s ;'wf/ !( %=$=! cGtl/d Joj:yf !( %=$=@ bL3sfnLg Joj:yf @) ^= kl/ifb\sf] /0fgLlts cg';Gwfg gLltsf] ?k/]vf @) ^=! dfu{bz{s l;4fGtx? @) ^=!=! ;+:yfx? @) ^=!=@ If]qLo cg';Gwfg @! ^=!=# cfwf/e"t, Jojxfl/s Pj+ u|fx\o cg';Gwfg @@ ^=!=$ cg';Gwfg tyf k|;f/sf] cGt/;DaGw lj:tf/ @@ ^=!=% ;xsfl/tf tyf ;dembf/L @@ ^=!=^ hgzlQm ljsf; @@ ^=!=& ljz]if Wofg @# ^=@ vf; /0fgLlt @# ^=@=! la1fg Pj+ k|ljlw k4ltsf] k|jw{g . @# ^=@=@ bft[;+:yfsf] ;xof]u tyf ;xof]u kl/of]hgfx? @# ^=@=# cg';Gwfg sfo{qmddf k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f @#

7

^=@=$ :jb]zL 1fg / :yfgLo ;fwgsf] ;b'kof]u @$ ^=@=% j+zfg'ut ;|f]tx?sf] Joj:yfkg / ljsf; @$ ^=@=^ h}ljs k|ljlwsf] ljsf; @$ ^=@=& k|zf]wg / dxTj clej[l4 @$ ^=@=* ;"rgf Pj+ k|sfzg @% ^=@=( /fli6«o s[lif cg';Gwfg / ljsf; gLltdf of]ubfg @% ^=@=!) k|ljlw ;b'kof]u / cfo;|f]tsf] l;h{gf @% &= ;|f]tsf] cfjZostf @% &=! hgzlQm @^ &=@ cfly{s ;|f]t @^ *= lgisif{ @&

8

aL;aif ] { cjwf/0ffaL;aif ] { cjwf/0ff lbuf ] ] hLljsf ;'wf/sf nflulbuf ] ] hLljsf ;'wf/sf nflu

ss [lif cg';Gwfg[lif cg';Gwfg ;f/f +z;f/f +z /fli6«o cfjZostf Pj+ k|fyldstfsf cfwf/df s[lif Pj+ ;DjlGwt k|fs[lts ;|f]t (agricultural and related natural resources ) cg';GwfgnfO{ ;dli6ut?k (holistic) df ;+rfng ug]{ o; aL;jif]{ cjwf/0ffsf]] d"n p2]Zo /x]sf] 5 . ;fy} cg';Gwfgstf{b]lv ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;Ddsf] km/flsnf] bfo/fdf /x]sf bIf hgzlQm Pj+ cfly{s ;|f]tsf] kl/rfngdf ;d]t o;af6 d2t k'Ug hfg]5 . o;n] g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df s[lif tyf ;DalGwt k|fs[lts ;|f]t cg';GwfgnfO{ glthfd"ns Pj+ pTkfbgd"ns t'Nofpg cfjZos ;+:yfut kl/jt{gnfO{ klxNofPsf] 5 . o;cg'?k, s[lif tyf k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;DalGwt cg';Gwfgsf cfufdL sfo{qmdx?sf] k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f, cfly{s ;fwgsf] ljlgof]hg Pj+ hgzlQm kl/rfng / cg'udg Pj+ k|efj d"NofÍg o;} /0fgLlt Pj+ lgb]{zs l;4fGt cg'?k x'g]5 . k|:t't bLw{sfnLg cjwf/0ff Pj+ /0fgLltn] s[lif Pj+ ;DalGwt k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;DalGw j}1flgs 1fgsf] k|efjsf/L tyf ;Ifd pkof]uaf6 ul/jL lgjf/0fsf] dxfcleofgdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg nIo lnPs]f 5 . s[lif tyf ;DalGwt k|fs[lts ;|f]t cg';Gwfgsf k|d'vtfdf k|fyldstfk|fKt AffnL, AffujfgL, kz', d"No Pj+ ahf/ ljZn]if0f, v]tLdf hn pkof]u Joj:yfkg, s[lif-jg, n}+lËs laifo / gLlt;DaGwL cg';Gwfg /x]sf 5g\ .

b]zleqsf] cfjZostf kl/k"lt{ ug{ l5d]sL d'n's Pj+ cGt/f{li6«o s[lif cg';Gwfg ;+:yfx?af6 clwstd?kdf cg';Gwfgsf glthf pknAw ul/g]5 . o:tf cg';Gwfgsf glthfnfO{ b]zsf] cfjZostf cg'?k kl/dfh{g u/L pRrQd pkof]usf nflu /fli6«o Ifdtfdf clej[l4 ul/g]5 . ljZjJofkL cfly{s pbf/Ls/0f / ljZj Jofkf/ ;+3 (World Trade Organization) df g]kfnn] k|j]z ug]{ go+f r'gf}tL / cj;/x? hGdfPsf] 5 . o; k|;+udf ljleGg b]z;+u ePsf] xfd|f] ;DjGwnfO{ ;d]t b[li6ut u/L jhf/ Joj:yfkgnufot cGo If]qdf klg cg';Gwfg sfo{ ;+rfng ul/g] 5 . ;/sf/sf] e"ldsf sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogstf{sf] ;§f lgodgstf{ / ;xhstf{sf] ?kdf pGd'v e}/x]sf] kl/k|]Ifdf u}/;/sf/L If]qnfO{ s[lif cg';G3fgdf ;xefuL u/fpg cem j9L k|f]T;flxt ul/g]5 . /fli6«o:t/df k|ydtM cg';Gwfg ;DjGwL gLlt lgwf{/0f Pj+ ;dGjog ug]{ tyf ;f] sf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ lgsfox?sf] sfo{ut / ;+u7gfTds kIfdf cnu cnu ;+u7gfTds Joj:yf ul/g]5 . g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\ (Nepal Agricultural Research Council)(NARC) nfO{ /fli6«o :t/df gLlt lgdf{0f tyf ;dGjo ug]{ lgsfosf] ?kdf :yflkt ul/g] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ cg';Gwfg sfof{Gjog ug]{ sfd g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg sfo{sf/L ;ldlt (Nepal Agriculture Research Executive Board)(NAREB)sf] x'g]5 . s[lif cg';Gwfgdf u}/ ;/sf/L If]qsf] ;xeflutf clej[l4 ug{ :yfkgf ul/Psf] /fli6«o s[lif cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf; sf]if (National Agricultural Research and Development Fund) (NARDF) sf] cjwf/0ff cg';f/ g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\sf] k|lt:kwf{Tds cg';Gwfg cg'bfg sfo{qmd ;+rfng x'g]5 . k|lt:kwf{Tds cg';Gwfg sfo{qmddf NARC Policy

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Body nfO{ j9L k|efjsf/L u/fpg NARDF / NARC n] ;+o'Qm ?kdf sfd ug]{5 . klxrfg ul/Psf cfwf/e"t tyf d'Vo d'Vo cg';Gwfg (basic and core research) sfo{sf] nflu /sd pknAw u/fOg] 5 . kl/ifbn] k|To]s % aif{df o; cjwf/0ffsf] ;dLIff u/fpg]5 / o:tf] ;dLIffsf] l;kmfl/;sf] cfwf/df cfjZostfcg'?k /0fgLlt tyf sfo{;+rfng ljlwdf ;d]t pko'Qm kl/jt{g / kl/dfh{g ul/g ]5 . ljleGg ljsf; If]qx?sf] s[lif kfl/l:ysL (agro-ecology), ;fdflhs cfly{s cj:yf tyf cg';Gwfgdf ;+nUg ;+:yfx?sf] ljljwtf tyf cg';Gwfgsf] cfjZostfnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL kl/ifbn] :yfgljz]if s[lif tyf ;DalGwt k|fs[lts ;|f]t cg';Gwfg sfo{qmdsf] ljsf;df hf]8 lbg]5 . If]qLo k|fljlws sfo{;d'x (Regional Technical Working Group)(RTWG) / /fli6«o k|fljlws sfo{;d'x, (National Technical Working Group)(NTWG) h:tf sfo{qmdnfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/ kl/dfh{g u/L k|f]T;flxt ul/g] 5 . ax'ljifos, ax'jfnL Pj+ a:t'x?df ;xeflutfd"ns cg';Gwfg k4ltdf klg hf]8 lbO{g] 5 . ul/aL lgjf/0fdf ;sf/fTds of]ubfg k'¥ofpg], jftfj/0fdf lbuf]kgf cfpg], n}+lus ;dtf, pTkfbg j[l4 / cfoj[l4 h:tf cg';Gwfg sfo{ laz]iftfsf] ?kdf /xg]5 . :yfgLo 1fg, k/Dk/fut tl/sf / :yfgLo ;|f]tx?nfO{ kl/ifb\n] cg';Gwfg / k|ljlw ljsf; sfo{sf] nflu pkof]udf Nofpg] 5 . To;}u/L pknAw :yfgLo ;|f]tx? h:t} df6f], laplahg / :yfgLo 1fg, k|ljlw tyf ;Lkx? ;d]tdf cfwfl/t PsLs[t jfnL Joj:yfkg -Integrated Crop Management), Plss[t kf]ifstTj Joj:yfkg (Integrated Nutrient Management) / PsLs[t zq'hLj Joj:yfkg (Integrated Pest Management) h:tf sfo{qmdx?nfO{ plrt?kdf pTkfbsTj / Ifdtf j[l4sfnflu k|of]u ul/g] 5 . kl/ifbn] vfBfGo tyf gub]jfnL, t/sf/L tyf kmnkm"n, kz' tyf df5f ;DaGwL pTkfbgf]k/fGt (post-harvest) k|ljlw Pj+ k|zf]wgsf cj;/x?sf] ljsf; u/L d"No clej[l4 x'g] vfnsf cg';GwfgnfO{ a9fjf lbO{ s[lif tyf ;DalGwt k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf ljljw If]qdf Joj;foLs/0fsf] k|jw{g ug]{5 . o;sf ;fy} s[lif ;fdu|Lx? pTkfbg ug]{ pBf]u, s[lif cf}hf/, l;+rfO{ ;fwg / zq'hLj gfzs ljifflb tyf kz' k+5Lsf /f]u lgjf/s cf}ifwL laqm]tf h:tf ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ Joj;foLx?sf nflu cfjZos k|ljlw Pj+ tLgsf ;d:of ;dfwfgk|lt klg kl/ifbn] Wofg lbg]5 . s[lif tyf k|fs[lts ;|f]t cg';Gwfg ug]{ lgsfox?sf nflu dfgjLo ;|f]tx?sf] ljsf; ul/g] 5 . o;df of]Uo tyf cg'ejL sd{rf/Lsf] lgo'lQm tyf kb:yfkg, k|fljlws clws[tx?nfO{ ;]jfsfnLg tflnd, ljZjlaBfno;Fusf] ;DaGwdf cg';Gwfg cfwfl/t z}lIfs tflnd, j}1flgs tyf k|fljlws ;+:sf/sf] ljsf; h:tf sfo{x? /xg]5g\ . s[lif cg';Gwfgdf ;+nUg j}1flgsx?nfO{ j[lQ ljsf;sf] nflu pko'Qm jftfj/0fsf] l;h{gf ul/g] 5 .

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aL;aif ] { cjwf/0ffaL;aif ] { cjwf/0ff lbuf ] hLljsf ;'wf/sf nflulbuf ] hLljsf ;'wf/sf nflu

s[lif cg';Gwfgs[lif cg';Gwfg

!=!= kl/ro kl/ro (Introduction) ljutdf g]kfndf s[lif tyf ;DalGwt k|fs[lts ;|f]t cg';Gwfg d'Votof laifout jf pk–laifout (sectoral or sub-sectoral) b[li6sf]0faf6 x'g]u/]sf] lyof] . t/ o:tf cg';Gwfgx?df ;Da4tf (coherence) tyf ;du|tf (holistic) sf] cefjsf ;fy} /fli6«o cfjZostf (national approach) cg'?k lyPg . s[lif cg';Gwfgdf u}/;/sf/L If]qsf] e"ldsf ;Lldt dfqfdf /x]sf] lyof] . ;/sf/L If]qaf6 ul/g] cg';Gwfgsfo{ k|fo ;/sf/L ;|f]tx?df dfq lge{/ x'g] uYof{] . o; kl/k|]Ifdf cg';Gwfg Ifdtfdf ;'wf/ / k|ljlwsf] ljsf; tyf pkof]u ug{ s[lif Pj+ ;DalGwt k|fs[lts ;|f]t (Agriculture and Related Natural Resources) (ANR) cg';Gwfg /0fgLltsf] cfjZostf Jofks?kdf cg'ej ul/of] . k|:t't aL;aif]{ cjwf/0ffnfO{ ;';+rfng u/L nlIft p2]Zo xf;Ln ug{ o;n] /fli6«o tj/jf6 nlIft cfjZostfx? / ltgsf] k|fyldstfnfO{ /fd|/L ;d]6]sf] x'g' k5{ . ;fy} o; cjwf/0ffn] Jofks ?kn] ;/f]sf/jfnf / cg';Gwfg ;xof]uL ;+:yfx?, hgzlQm / cfly{s ;|f]tnfO{ tt\cg';f/ d"nwf/df Nofpg] nIo lnPsf] 5 . s[lif tyf ;DalGwt k|fs[lts ;|f]t cg';Gwfgsf nflu lgld{t of] cjwf/0ffn] lautdf xfl;n ul/Psf] cg'ej vf;u/L :jfoQ ;+:yfsf] ?kdf @)$* ;fndf g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\sf] :yfkgf ePkl5sf] bzssf] / s[lif tyf ;DalGwt k|fs[lts ;|f]t cg';GwfgnfO{ k|efljt kfg]{ /fli6«o tyf cGt//fli6«o kl/jt{gsf] k|;+unfO{ ;d]6]sf] 5 . o;df ;dli6ut /fli6«o cg';Gwfg k4ltsf] b[li6sf]0f tyf k|fyldstfk|fKt sfo{ If]qx?nfO{ ;dfj]z u/]sf] 5 . /fli6«o s[lif tyf ;DqlGwt k|fs[lts ;|f]t cg';Gwfg k4ltnfO{ vf;u/L ;d:ofdf cfwfl/t / j9L pknlAwd"ns agfpgsf] nflu cfjZos Go"gtd ;+:yfut kl/jt{gsf s'/f pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . o;n] b]zdf nfu' ul/Psf] bL3{sfnLg s[lif of]hgf (Agriculture Perspective Plan) (APP) tyf ljifo / pk ljifout of]hgfdf gjf}+ of]hgfdf cfwfl/t s[lif tyf k|fs[lts ;|f]t cg';Gwfgdf ;+nUg ;Dk"0f{ ;+3, ;+:yf / ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] nflu tyf cg';Gwfg /0fgLlt dfu{ bz{s l;4fGt k|bfg ub{5 . bzf}+ of]hgf cjlwnfO{ ;d]t ;d]6\g] u/L cfufdL @) aif{sf] nflu Pp6f k|d'v ;/sf/L lgsfosf] ?kdf /x]sf] g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\sf sfo{x? o; cjwf/0ff cg';f/ cfwfl/t x'g]5g\ . efjL s[lif tyf ;DalGwt k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;DalGw cg';Gwfgsfo{sf], k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f, cfly{s Pj+ dfgjLo ;+;fwgsf] ljlgof]hg, cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg h:tf dxTjk"0f{ sfo{x? o; /0fgLlt / lgb]{zs l;4fGt ;+u ldNbf]h'Nbf] x'g]5 . @=@= ;'wf/sf ] cfjZostf ;'wf/sf ] cfjZostf (Need for changes) ;g\ !(^% ;Dd ljleGg hftsf afnL, kz'-kF5L, kmnkm"n, cfn', t/sf/Lx?sf] kl/rofTds kl/If0f u/L b]z leq\ofpg] sfddf g} s[lif cg';Gwfg ;Lldt /x]sf] lyof] . b]zdf s[lif cg';Gwfgsf k"jf{wf/ tof/ ug]{ l;nl;nfdf o;tfsf ljleGg :yfgdf kmfd{ tyf :6]zg :yfkgf / bIf hgzlQmsf] ljsf;df g} a9L hf]8 lbOPsf] lyof]]] . nuQ} ;g\ !(() ;Dddf laleGg afnL, a:t' tyf laifo ljz]if cg';Gwfg ug]{ lgsfox? ;++rflnt eO{ s[lifdf b]vf k/]sf ;d:ofx? ;dfwfg tkm{ cu|;/ /x\of] . o;} bf}/fgdf s[lif ;+u ;DalGwt ;+:yfx? / hgzlQm ljsf;sf sfo{x? klg cl3 j9b} uP . laifout Pj+ pk–laifout sltko bLw{sfnLg

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of]hgfx? klg th'{df ul/P / ;dofg';f/ sfo{s'zntf xfl;n ug{ k6s k6s ;+:yfut Joj:yfdf ;d]t kl/jt{g ul/of] .

;g\ !(*) tfsf g} :jzfl;t cg';Gwfg ;+:yfsf] cfjZostf cg'ej ul/P cg'?k s[lif laefu / kz';]jf laefu cGt{utsf cg';Gwfgsf PsfO{x?nfO{ ;dfa]z u/L ;g\ !(*& df /fli6«o s[lif cg';Gwfg tyf ;]jf s]Gb| (National Agricultural Research and Service Centre) :yfkgf ul/of] h'g sfnfGt/df g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\ P]g @)$* åf/f :yflkt at{dfg kl/ifb\sf] k|f?k x'g uof] . s[lif cg';Gwfgsf] ljsf;sf] qmddf pNn]Vo pknlAwx? xfl;n ePsf 5g\ . o;s|ddf sltko vfB tyf gub]afnLsf pGgt hftsf] k/LIf0f Pj+ ladf]rg ePsf] 5 eg], kz'-kF5Lsf pGgt gZnx? l;kmfl/; ul/Psf 5g\ . afnL tyf kz'-kF5Lsf] /f]u, sL/fsf] k|sf]k lgoGq0f ug]{ h:tf sfo{df dxTjk"0f{ km8\sf] dfl/Psf] 5 . o;}ul/, afnL Pj+ kz'sf] kf]if0f, df6f]sf] pa{/fzlQm ;+aw{g, 3fF; tyf r/g Pj+ v]tL k|0ffnLdf ;d]t pNn]Vo k|ult xfl;n ePsf] 5 . lautsf cg';Gwfgdf ul/Psf] nufgLsf] kmn:j?k u+x'df &%—*$Ü /, wfg, ux+', ds} u/L ;dli6?kdf #$–^*Ü pRr k|ltkmnb/ k|fKt ePsf] pknAw tYofÍn] k|dfl0ft u/]sf] 5 . tyflk, oL pknlAwsf afjh'b klg laBdfg s[lifIf]qsf] Ifdtf cg'?k ;+tf]ifk|b :t/df pTkfbg j[l4 x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . b]zsf] ljljw ;fdflhs, cfly{s Pj+ hnjfo' cg's"n tyf s[ifssf] cfjZostfdf cfwfl/t gof+ k|ljlwn] pTkfbg lbg ;Sg] Ifdtf / jf:tljs pTkfbg jLr 7"nf] vf8n ljBdfg g} 5 . g]kfnsf] kl/k|]Ifdf s[lif cg';Gwfgsf] lautsf] Oltxf;nfO{ x]bf{ tT;Dalwt k|ljlw ljsf; tyf la:tf/ k|ls|of ;/sf/L If]qx?jf6 dfq ;+rflnt /x\of] . s[lif cg';Gwfgdf u}/ ;/sf/L tyf lghLIf]qsf ;+efJo{ of]ubfg af/] uDeL/tfsf;fy ljrf/ ul/Pg . a}slNks ;+:yfx?sf] cefj g} o:tf] x'g'sf] cfFlzs sf/0f b]lvof] eg] csf]{ tkm{ ;/sf/ g} k|ljlw ljsf;sf] lhDd]jf/ ;+:yf xf] eGg] plxn] b]lv rlncfPsf] dfGotfn] ubf{ klg cg';Gwfg If]qdf of]ubfg k'¥ofpg ;Sg] ;DefJo u}+/ ;/sf/L lgsfox?n] To; tkm{ hf+u/ rnfpg k|f]T;flxt x'g] jftfj/0f g} ePg . laut s]xL aif{otf b]lv o; ;+be{df lgs} kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5 . kl/ifb\\sf cltl/Qm ;Ifd cGo cg';+Gwfg lgsfox?sf] ;+Vofdf j[l4 ePsf] 5 . o;df u}/ ;/sf/L tyf lghL ;+:yfsf] ;fy} k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;DaGwdf cg';Gwfg ug]{ ljZjlaBfnosf ;+sfox? kb{5g\ . o;sf cltl/Qm cfly{s pbf/Ls/0fsf] kl/0ffd :j?k ;/sf/sf] e"ldsfnfO{ sfof{Gjogstf{sf] ;§f k|jw{s, ;xhstf{ / lgodgstf{sf] ?kdf kl/eflift ul/b}}5 . of] k|s/0f cGo cfly{s / ;fdflhs If]qx?df h:t} s[lif cg';Gwfgdf klg plQs} nfu' x'G5 . /fli6«o :t/sf] gLlt lgdf{0f tyf s[lif Pj+ ;DalGwt k|fs[lts ;|f]t cg';GwfgnfO{ pTyfg ug]{ pQ/bfloTj lnPsf] d"n ;+:yfn] ;/sf/L tyf u}/ ;/sf/L ;Dk"0f{ cg';Gwfgstf{x?sf] e"ldsfnfO{ dfGotf lbg'sf ;fy} ltgLx?sf] k|jw{gdf 6]jf k'Øfpg ;Sg'kb{5 . s[lif tyf ;DalGwt k|fs[lts ;|f]t cg';Gwfgsfnflu u}/;/sf/L Pj+ gLlhIf]qdf sfo{ la:tf/ e}/x]sf] cj;/x?nfO{ a[xQ/ ;fdflhs lxtdf pkof]u u/fOg' cfjZos 5 . ha;Dd g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\\sf sfo{ljlw laut em}+ oyfjt /xG5g\ / gLlt lgdf{0f tyf s[lif cg';Gwfg sfof{Gjog kIfdf :jod nflu /xG5 ta;Dd o;n] cfkm"nfO{ Pp6f ultzLn Pj+ k|lt:kwL{ ;+:yfsf] ?kdf lasl;t ug{ ;Sb}g . / kmntM o:tf] l:yltdf kl/ifb\df lautsf sfo{qmdx?sf] k'g/fa[lt x'g] l:ylt dfq /xG5 . o; cjwf/0ffsf] dxn % df pNn]vul/Psf] gLltlgdf{0f stf{ tyf ;dGjo stf{sf] ?kdf k|:tfljt /fli6«o zLif{ lgsfon] laljw /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o :t/af6 cfjZos cfly{s Pj+ ;DjlGwt ;|f]tx? ;+sng u/L lghL tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf Pj+ cGo cg';Gwfgstf{x?nfO{ k|lalw ljsf; /

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k|ljlw x:tfGt/0fsf nflu pknAw u/fpg] Joxf]/f k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . s[lif tyf ;DalGwt k|fs[lts ;|f]t cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf; ;+be{df ;+nUg ljleGg lzIf0f ;+:yfx?, u}/ ;/sf/L Pj+ lghL ;+:yfx?df cfjZos dfgjLo ;+zfwg, cfly{s tyf k|fljlws Ifdtfdf j[l4 k|s/0f ykL /fi6«sf] ;du| s[lif cg';Gwfg k|j4{gdf of] /fli6«o zLif{ ;+:yf nflu/xg] 5 . jx'hg lxt;+u ;/f]sf/ ePsf s[lif cg';Gwfgdf cf+r gkg]{u/L cg';Gwfgsf ljz]if kIfx?nfO{ lghLs/0f tkm{ cu|;/ kfg{ vf; k|ls|ofsf] ljsf; ul/g] 5 . #=#= ;fGble{s k|s/0fx? ;fGble{s k|s/0fx? (The context) xfnsf aif{x?df s[lif cg';Gwfg;Fu k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf?kdf ;DalGwt /fli6«o Pj+ cGt/f{li6«o k[i6e"lddf Aofks kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5 . o; kl/k|]Iodf xfd|f] b]z ;+u ;f]em} ;/f]sf/ /fVg] s]xL ;fGble{s larf/0fLo laifox?nfO{ tn k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

#=!#=! ljZjJofkLs/0f M Ps r'gf }tL ljZjJofkLs/0f M Ps r'gf }tL (Globalisation: a challange) ljZjsf k"FhL tyf cfly{s ahf/x? a[xQ/?kdf PsLs[t e}/x]sf 5g\ . oL ahf/x?;Fusf] g]kfnsf] ;DaGw / oxfFsf] df}lb|s tyf cfly{s If]qx? lg/Gt/?kdf ;+nUg x'b} u}/x]sf 5g\ . kmn:j?k g]kfndf lab]zL nufgLsf gofF cj;/x? ;[hgf e} /x]sf 5g\ . x'gt o;n] lautdf Pl;ofsf laleGg b]zx?df pTkGg u/fPsf] cfly{s ;d:ofx? h:t} g]kfnsf] cy{tGqnfO{ klg k|efljt kfg{ ;Sb5 . vf;u/L ef/t;Fusf] ;DaGw xfd|f] nfuL cem a9L dxTjk"0f{ 5 / ef/tdf x'g] cfly{s kl/jt{gsf] c;/ g]kfndf t'?Gt cg'ej ul/G5 . v'Nnf ;Ldf ePsf] sf/0f ;Ldfsf] b'a}tkm{sf s[ifs Pj+ s[lif pBdLnfO{ lbOg] cg'bfgsf] :t/ tyf cGo ;xof]un] ;LdfjtL{ ahf/df k|lt:kwf{sf] l:ylt lgwf{/0f ub{5 . 7"n7"nf cy{tGq ePsf l5d]sL d'n'sx?sf] aLrdf cjl:yt ;fgf] cy{tGq ePsf sf/0f ;Ldfkfl/sf ;/sf/L cg'bfg, ;xof]u, k|fljlws ljsf; / ahf/ kxFrdf x'g] ljsf;sf] ;fk]lIfs leGgtfn] ubf{ To:tf cy{tGq;+u k|lt:kwf{ ug{ ;lhnf] x'+b}g . t/ pknAw ahf/Ls/0fn] s[ifs ;d'bfosf nflu lxts/ cj;/x? pknAw x'g ;Sg] l:ylt d'n'sdf gePsf] rflx+ xf]O{g . xfnsf] Jofkf/ pbf/Ls/0fn] g]kfnsf] cfly{s tyf ljQLo cj:yfdf 7"nf] kl/jt{g NofPsf] 5 . s[lif ;fdu|Lx?sf] cfk"lt{df lghLIf]qnfO{ ;xefuL u/fO{Psf] 5 . s[lif ;fdu|L tyf pTkfbgdf j[l4 Nofpg] cGo ljifo j:t'x?df ;/sf/L cg'bfg lgs} 36fOPsf] 5 / s]xLdf k"0f{?kn] x6fO;lsPsf] klg 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf :jb]zdf pTkfbg ePsf vfB j:t' tyf ;DalGwt cGo dfn ;fdfgx? / ljZj jhf/jf6 cfpg] tT;fdu|Lx? g]kfnsf] jhf/df k|lt:kbf{ ug'{ kg]{ l:ylt l;h{gf x'G5 . t/ s[lif a:t'sf d"Nox? :yfgLo pTkfbg nfutaf6 dfq geP/ ljZj ahf/sf] d"No ;d]taf6 k|efljt x'g] :ki6 5 . To;sf/0f s[lifIf]qnfO{ o;n] cem a9L k|lt:kwf{Tds x'g] bafj l;h{gf u/]sf] 5 . kmntM s[lif pTkfbgdf k|of]u x'g] s[lif ;fdu|Lx?sf] s'zntfk"j{s pkof]u (efficient use) x'g'kg]{ l:ylt cfPsf] 5 . o:tf] l:yltdf gof+ k|ljlwjf6 l5d]sL d'n'sdf pTkfbg ePsf s[lifhGo j:t'x? g]kfnsf] jhf/df cfoft x'+bf :jb]zL s[lifhGo kbfy{x?df tTsfn k|efj kfg]{ tYo ;j{ ljlbt} 5 . tyflk ljZjJofkLs/0fn] 1fg tyf k|ljlwsf gofF cj;/x?nfO{ phfu/ u/]sf] 5 . o:tf cj;/x?df cGt/f{li6«o s[lif s]Gb|x? nufot lghL If]qn] tof/ kf/]sf ;fGble{s tyf dxTjk"0f{ k|fljlws ;"rgf lglxt x'G5g\ . ;fy} ljz]if dxTjk"0f{ ?kn] cfly{s ;|f]tsf ljljw d"nx? klg ;"lrt kf/]sf] x'G5 . g]kfnn] o:tf gofF cj;/x?nfO{ /fli6«olxtdf clwstd pkof]u ;fwg tyf ;+oGqsf] klxrfg ug{;Sg] Ifdtfsf] clej[l4 ug'{ cfjZos 5 . ;DejtM s]xL ;do kl5 g]kfn ljZj Jofkf/ ;+ª\3sf] ;b:o jGg]5 . To;kl5 b]zn] pQm ;ª\3 åf/f lgwf{l/t :t/ tyf sfo{ljlw nfu' ug{ ;Ifd x'g'kg]{ 5 . o;sf nflu cfjZos tof/Lsf ;fy} ljZjahf/df cfˆgf] Jofkf/nfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg b]zdf cfjZos Ifdtfx? ljsf; ug'{ kg]{5 .

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laut bzs b]lvg} ljZje/L ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] lj:tf/ tLj| ?kdf e}/x]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf j}1flgsx?n] klg cWofjlws hfgsf/Lx? ;lhnf] ;+u k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] ePsf 5g\ . ;xsdL{ Pj+ ;DjlGwt\ ;+:yfx?sf] aLr laB'tLo dfWodaf6 sd ;dodf cfjZos ;"rgf cfbfg k|bfg ug{ ;Dej ePsf] 5 . o;n] ;xsfo{ (collaboration) sfof{Gjogsf cj;/x?df ;xhtf NofPsf] 5 . o;af6 ;dfhnfO{ ahf/, cfk"lt{ / l5d]sL d'n'sdf eO/x]sf sfo{qmd af/]df klg ;';"lrt u/fpg ;Sg] cj;/ pknAw ePsf] 5 . afnL tyf kz' ;+/If0f;DalGw /f;folgs kbfy{ / pGgt lapm lahgx? pTkfbg tyf Jofkf/ ug]{ sDkgLx? klg ljZjJofkL?kdf ;+ul7t e}/x]sf 5g\ . g]kfndf lghL sDkgLx? s[lif tyf ;DalGwt k|fs[lts ;|f]t If]qx?df k|j]z ug{ yfln/x]sf 5g\ . lautdf o; If]qdf ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf] dfq cflwkTo /lxcfPsf] lyof] . cg';Gwfgaf6 l;kmfl/; ul/g] pGgt ljpm, km'n, jLo{ Pj+ e|"0f (embryo) tyf pGgt k|ljlw laz]if u/L lab]zL sDkgLx? dfkm{t lghLIf]qaf6 klg pknAw e}/x]sf] 5 . clxn]sf] o:tf] kl/jlt{t l:yltdf ;/sf/L ;+:yfx? cfˆgf] gofF e"ldsfsf] vf]hL ug{ afWo ePsf 5g\ . o:tf] kl/l:yltdf af}l4s ;DklQsf] clwsf/ (intellectual property right) dxTjk"0f{ laifo x'g]5, vf;u/L ljpm, km'n, e|"0f, h:tf a:t'x? pTkfbg ;DalGw cg';Gwfg tyf ltgsf] ljsf;df lghLIf]qsf] nufgL jf:tjdf j[l4 e}/x]sf] 5 . kmn:j?k ahf/df pNn]lvt ;fdu|Lx?sf] k|jfx lgolGqt eO{ ltgsf d"Nodf j[l4 klg x'g ;Sb5 . h}ljs k|ljlw (biotechnology) n] s[lifdf ;+nUg lgsfox?sf nflu Jofks cj;/x? k|bfg

u/]sf] 5 . j+zfg'ut tl/sfaf6 kl/dfh{g ul/Psf (genetically modified) afnLj:t'x?sf] pTkfbg u/L cGt/f{li6«o s[lif tyf kz' cg';Gwfg s]Gb|x?n] ljz]if kmfObf p7fO /x]sf] 5 . of] clt ;+j]bgzLn ljifo ePsf]n] g]kfndf a+zfg'ut tl/sfaf6 ljsf; ul/Psf afnLx?sf] pkof]u >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] gLlt åf/f lgb]{lzt x'g' kb{5 . sfo{qmd ;+rfngsf] nflu ljz]if kxn ug'{ kg]{5 . o:tf cg';Gwfg k|ljlw vlr{nf] ePtf klg af}l4s ;DklQ cflwsf/sf] cflwkTotfn] ubf{ ax'/fli6«o sDkgLx? (multinational companies) n] vr{ u/] d'tfljs j9L nfe k|fKt ug{ ;S5g\ . ltgLx?sf] k|d'v ;/f]sf/sf] laifo gfkmf xf] / pgLx? d'ne"t?kdf 7"nf ahf/df s]lGb|t /xG5g\ . t;y{ h}ljs k|ljlw ljsf;sf ;Gbe{df Ohfhtkq lng] / pTkflbt a:t'df /fh:j (royalty) nufpg ;lsg] ;+efjgfsf] klg vf]lhug{' cfjZos 5 .

#=@=#=@= s[ lif M ljsf;sf ] d "n s[lif M ljsf;sf ] d "n (Agriculture: root of development) s[lif g]kfnsf] cfly{s ljsf;sf] cfwf/ dfq g e} of] Ps hLjg z}nL, k/Dk/f / ;f+:s[lts kl/j]z klg xf] . s[lif If]q ;dli7ut ljsf;sf] s]Gb| ljGb'sf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 / eljiodf klg of] l:ylt sfod g} /xg] b]lvG5 . s[lifn] b]zsf] s"n ufx{:y pTkfbgdf $)% of]ubfg k'¥ofO{ cy{tGq alnof] agfpg cu|0fL e"ldsf v]ln/x]sf] :ki6 5 . ctM s[lif t+qnfO{ b]z ljsf;sf] d"n eGg'df cTo'lQm gxf]nf . o; ;Gbe{df b]zdf ljB'lts/0fsf] ;du| ljsf;, cf}Bf]lusLs/0fsf] b|'tt/ nx/ / tt\ cg'?k ;8s ;+hfnsf] /rgfdf ljz]if j]u lbg klg s[lifsf] cfw'lgsLs/0fdf ljz]if hf]8 lbg' kg]{ b]lvG5 . g]kfndf lautsf nueu b'O{ bzssf] cjlwdf s[lifIf]qsf] aflif{s j[l4b/ sl/j # k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . csf]{tkm{ tYof+sn] b]zdf hg;+Vofsf] j[l4b/ !(*) sf] bzsdf aflif{s @=% Ü / !(() sf] bzsdf @=# Ü b]vfp+5 . b]zsf] cy{tGqdf ljz]if ;DaGw sfod u/]sf] s[lifIf]q h;df s"n hg;+Vofsf] nueu *! k|ltzt efu ls|ofzLn /x]sf] 5 o;n] :ki6M ckof{Kt?kn] b]zsf] vfBfGg kl/k"lt{ ul//x]sf] 5 / b]zsf] cfly{s ljsf;df ck]lIft cu|0fL e"ldsf v]Ng ;ls/x]sf] 5}g .

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ljsf; ;+be{sf] at{dfg l:yltdf s[lifIf]qdf pRr j[l4b/ sfod u/L To;åf/f g]kfnsf] ;du| cfly{s ?kfGt/0f ug'{ jfx]s c? ljsNk 5}g . ck]lIft k|ltkmn k|flKtsf]nflu ljBdfg lgjf{xd'vL s[lif k|0ffnLnfO{ Joj;fod'vL v]tL k|0ffnLdf kl/jt{g ug'{ lgtfGt h?/L 5 . o; x]t' k|ljlw ljsf; / k|;f/ df dgUo ;d'lrt k|of;sf] ;fy} cfGtl/s / cGt/ sfo{k|0ffnLdf k|lj0ftf ;dfj]z ug{ ;+:yfut ;+/rgfdf ;do / sfo{ cg'?k yk k|of; ug'{ cfjZos b]lvG5 tfls o; abln+bf] kl/k]Ifdf ;+zf]lwt sfo{k|0ffnL] s[ifs ;d'bfosf] ;dof]lrt cfjZostf cg'?k k|efjsf/L ?kaf6 ;+rfng x'g ;sf];\ .

$=$= ljBdfg /0fgLlts ljifox? ljBdfg /0fgLlts ljifox? (Present strategic issues)

$=!$=! /fli6 «o gLltx? /fli6 «o gLltx? (National policies) gjf++} of]hgfdf pNn]v eP cg';f/ ;+k"0f{ If]qsf ljsf; cleofgx? ul/aL 36fpg] /fli6«o p2]Zodf of]ubfg ug]{ lbzfdf lglb{i6 5g\ . s[lif tyf kz' ljsf;nfO{ o; cy{df cu'jf If]qsf] ?kdf lng'kg]{ x'G5 . ;'lglZrt vfB ;'/If0f, pFef] nfUbf] cfly{s j[l4 tyf s[lif Pj+ ;Dalwt k|fs[lts ;|f]tx?sf] lbuf] pkof]ufy{ j}1flgs ;"rgfsf] k|efjsf/L / s'zn k|of]uaf6 j[xt-cfly{s l:y/tf k|fKt u/L ul/jL lgjf/0fsf] of] p2]Zo xfl;n ug{' kg]{5 . ljutsf bzsdf d'VotM v]tL of]Uo hdLgsf] la:tf/, pGgt afnL tyf kz'sf hftx?sf] ;+VofTds j[l4af6 s[lif tyf kz' pTkfbgdf ljsf; xfl;n ul/Psf] lyof] . abln+bf] kl/k]Ifdf s[lif tyf kz'sf] pTkfbg Pj+ pTkfbsTjdf efjL ;'wf/ gjLg-k|ljlw -innovative technology_ tyf pGgt pTkfbsTj sf/s (improved factor productivity) df cfwfl/t x'g'kg]{5 . o;af6 g} ljz]if dxTjsf j:t' (high value commodities) sf] k}bfj/df j[l4sf] ;fy} rNtLsf] s[lifnfO{ l56} Joj;fod'vL v]tL k|0ffnLdf kl/jt{g ug{ ;lsg] 5 .

$=@$=@ cg';Gwfg sfo{fjnL cg';Gwfg sfo{fjnL ( The research agenda) s[lif tyf ;DalGwt k|fs[lts ;|f]t cg';GwfgnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ k|d'v lgsfosf] ?kdf ljBdfg g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\\ k|fs[lts ;|f]t, v]tL k|0ffnL, s[lif pBdL tyf u|fdL0fIf]qdf hLljsf]kfh{g ug]{ cj;/ tyf ahf/ Joj:yf cflbsf] ;+be{df cg';Gwfg sfo{qmd Pj+ k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f ug{ ultzLn Pj+ ;ls|o x'g' cfjZos 5 . o;sf nflu jt{dfg cg';Gwfg sfo{qmdx?sf] ;dLIff u/L cfjZos kl/dfh{g ug'{ kg]{5 . xfn s]xL If]qdf bf]xf]l/P/ cg';Gwfg sfo{qmdx? ;+rflnt eO{ /x]sf b]lvG5g\ . csf]{lt/, k|fs[lts ;|f]tx?sf laljw laifo, v]tL k|0ffnLsf] ;fdflhs cfly{s kIfx?, tyf ahf/ laZn]if0f, v]tLdf hn pkof]u, kz' tyf s[lif-jgsf] cGt/;DaGw, n}ª\lus laifox? / ;dli6ut gLlt lgdf{0fdf sd} larf/ k'u]sf] 5 . ctM h'g sfo{ljlw ckgfO xfn g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\\n] s[lif ;d:of klxrfg u/]/ cg';Gwfg sfo{qmdx? ljsf; u5{ / To;sf] nflu cfly{s ;|f]tsf] ljlgof]hg u5{ tL tl/sfdf d"ne"t ;'wf/ x'g' kg]{ h?/L 5 .

$=#$=# k | ljlw x:tfGt/0f k | ljlw x:tfGt/0f (Technology transfer) g]kfnn] l5d]sL d'n's tyf cGt/{fli6«o s[lif ;+:yfx?af6 g]kfnsf] kl/l:ylt ;'xfp+bf] k|ljlwnfO{ clwstd dfqfdf u|x0f ug{ ;Sg' kb{5 . /fli6«o k|fljlws Ifdtfdf clej[l4 ug{ cGoq ljsl;t To:tf k|lalwx?nfO{{ c+lusf/ u/L To;/L k|fKt k|ljlwx?nfO{ d'n'ssf] cfjZostf cg'?k kl/dfh{g u/L s'zntfk"j{s k|of]u ug{ ;Sg' k5{ .

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/fli6«o s[lif tyf ;Dalwt k|fs[lts ;|f]t cg';Gwfg k4ltaf6 ljsl;t k|ljlwnfO{ kfOn6 k/LIf0f u/L ;/sf/L, u}/ ;/sf/L tyf lghLIf]qsf ;DalGwt k|;f/ lgsfox?;Fu ;xsfo{ u/L To:tf ljsl;t k|ljlwnfO{ d'n'sdf lj:tf/ u/fpg] gLlt x'g]5 . cfufdL lbgx?df ljsl;t k|ljlwnfO{ pkef]Qmfx?df k|;f/ jf ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ lgsfodfkm{t k|ljlwx?sf] pkfb]lotf a9fpg] jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug{ kl/ifb\\n] cxd\ e"ldsf v]Ng' kg]{5 . o; ;+be{df sltko ljsl;t k|ljlwx? lsg cg';/0f ul/Psf 5}gg\ eGg] hfGg' klg cfjZos 5 . /fli6\|o ljljw ;fdflhs-cfly{s, s[lif-hnjfo' tyf ax';+Vos s[ifs Pj+ s[lif pBdLx?df ;|f]t ;fwgsf] pknlAwsf] cj:yfdf ljsl;t k|ljlwsf] pko'Qmtf, u|fÅotf Pj+ k|lt:kwf{Tds Ifdtf kl/ifb\\n] u+le/tfk"j{s d"NofÍg ug]{ Ifdtf ljsf; ug{ yk k|fyldstf lbg' kg]{5 .

$=$$=$ ;+:yf;+:yf-ljifout r'gf }tLx? ljifout r'gf }tLx? (Institutional issues and challenges) pko'Qm cg';Gwfg sfo{qmdsf] th'{df Pj+ sfof{Gjog ;Ifd?kn] ug{ bIf Pj+ cg'ejL sd{rf/Lsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . Pp6f k|d'v ;/sf/L s[lif cg';Gwfg ;+:yfsf] ?kdf g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\n] bIf j}1flgsx?nfO{ cfslif{t u/L ls|ofzLn u/fO/fVg vf; lsl;dsf] r'gf}tLsf] ;fdgf ug'{ k/]sf]5 . xfn kl/ifbdf o; u'0fsf] cefjn] cg';Gwfg sfo{qmdsf] k|efjsfl/tf Pj+ lg/Gt/tfdf ;d]t k|lts"n k|efj k/]sf] 5 . pko'Qm ;+efljt hgzlQm kl/ifb\ aflx/sf laleGg s[lif cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf;sf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf cyjf bft[ ;xof]udf ;+rflnt ljsf; of]hgfx?df ;+nUg 5g\ cyjf k/fdz{bft[ ;+:yf :jo+n] g} ;+rfng ul//x]sf 5g\ . x'g t o; k|j[lQsf] Pp6f ;sf/fTds kIf s] klg x'g uPsf] 5 eg] ;/sf/L lgsfo aflx/ klg cg';Gwfgsf] If]qsf] la:tf/ x'g uPsf] 5 . Pp6f /fli6«o gLltut cg';Gwfg lgsfosf] ?kdf /x]/ kl/ifb\n] /fli6«o s[lif cg';Gwfgdf dfgjLo ;|f]tsf] kl/rfng, ;dGjo / kyk|b{zg ug'{ efjL r'gf}tLsf] ?kdf /xg]5 . at{dfg P]g cGt{ut kl/ifb\\ aflx/sf of]Uo cg';Gwfgstf{x?nfO{ k|df0fLs/0f (accredit) ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf 5}g . g t kl/ifb\\n] cfk\mgf j}1flgsx?nfO{ lghLIf]qsf lgsfodf sfhdf v6fpg] k|fjwfg g} 5 .

$=%$=% ul/jL, ;dfgtf Pj+ n} lËs ;/f ]sf/ ljifos ;+of ]hg ul/jL, ;dfgtf Pj+ n} lËs ;/f ]sf/ ljifos ;+of ]hg (Incorporation of poverty, equity and gender concern)

ul/jL lgjf/0f ug]{ /fli6«o ;/f]sf/ Pj+ pk]lIft tyf l;dfGtju{sf] ljz]if cfjZostfx?nfO{ nlIft ug]{ /fHosf] lhDd]jf/L /x]sf] ;+be{df cg';Gwfgstf{x?n] oL laifox?nfO{ cfˆgf] cg';Gwfg sfo{qmdx?df ;dfj]z ug{ cem a9L s]lGb|t x'g'kb{5 . ljutdf oL If]qx? pk]lIft g} /x] . To:t} sf/0fn] g} kl/ifb\\sf sltko k|ljlwx? ck]Iff u/] h:t} k|efjsf/L x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ . g]kfnsf] ax';ª\Vos u|fdL0f ;d'bfodf ;fgf, ;LdfGt Pj+ sd ;|f]t ePsf ul/j s[ifs Pj+ s[lif pBdL /x]sf 5g\ . logLx?nfO{ vfBfGo cfjZostf k"lt{ ug{ / Joj;fof]Gd'v ls|ofsnfkx? ug{ ljz]if ;d:of tyf cj/f]wx?sf] ;fdgf ug'{k/]sf] 5 . o:tf] cj:yf cem laz]if?kn] blnt Pj+ cNk;+Vos ;d"xdf /x]sf] 5 . k|ljlw ljsf; Pj+ k|;f/ h:tf sfo{df u|fdL0f dlxnfx?sf] cj:yfk|lt ;+j]bgzLn /xg'kb{5 . s[lif tyf kz' hGo a:t'x?sf] pTkfbg, e08f/0f, k|zf]wg tyf laqmLsf] ;fy} ;DalGwt k|fs[lts ;|f]tx?sf] ;+sng, ;b'kof]u Pj+ Joj:yfkg sfo{x?df k'?ifx?sf] eGbf a9L of]ubfg dlxnfx?sf] /lxcfPsf] 5 . o; gofF /0fgLlt cg'?k s[lif tyf ;DalGwt k|fs[lts ;|f]t cg';Gwfg sfo{ ;+rfngdf n}ª\lus laifox? pko'Qm 9ª\un] ;dflji6 x'g]5g\ .

16

$=^$=^ lbuf ] jftfj/0fLo l:ylt lbuf ] jftfj/0fLo l:ylt (Environmental sustainability) s[lifsf] lbuf] ljsf; / jftfj/0fLo ;Gt'ng ;+be{df df6f]sf] pj{/fzlQmsf] x|f;, ckf/ hn ;|f]tsf] e08f/ ePtfklg hnsf] ;d'lrt Joj:yfdf sdL Pj+ s[lif tyf cGo k|fs[lts ;|f]tx?sf] ljgf; dxTjk"0f{ r'gf}tL ag]sf] 5 . ljutsf] PsfsL sfo{z}nL cg'?k cnu If]q, pk–If]q, a:t' Pj+ ljifodf PslnP/ Wofg s]lGb|t /xg' / k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;DalGw a[xt\ cj;/x?nfO{ pk]Iff ul/g' g} o;sf d'Vo sf/0fx? x'g\ . g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\n] cfk\mgf] sfo{z}nLdf ;dofg's"n kl/jt{g NofO{ oL laifox?nfO{ k|ToIf ?kdf ;dflxt u/L sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{5 . cg';Gwfg k4ltn] k|efjsf/L k|fs[lts ;|f]t Joj:yfkg tl/sfx?sf] k/LIf0f / ljsf;sf ;fy} kof{j/0f ;'wf/sf] cfwf/ la:tf/df of]ubfg k'Øfpg]5 .

$=&$=& s[lif Joj;foLs/0f s[ lif Joj;foLs/0f (Commercialisation of agriculture) b]zdf 7"nf] ;+Vofdf ljBdfg s[lifhGo kbfy{sf k|zf]wgstf{, s[lif Jofkf/L, lat/s / s[lif pBdLx?sf] nflu rflxg] vf; k|ljlw tk{m g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\n] sfof{Gjog u/]sf cg';Gwfgx?n] Wofg k¥ofOPsf] 5}g . o;n] ubf{ hLljsf]kfh{gd'vL s[lifnfO{ Joj;fof]Gd'vL agfpg ;lsPsf] 5}g . eljiodf pTkfbsx?nfO{ cfjZos ;xof]u k'Øfpg'sf ;fy} To:tf pBdLx?sf] ;d:ofx? k|lt klg oy]i6 Wofg lbOg]5 . ctM /fli6«o s[lif tyf ;Dalwt k|fs[lts ;|f]t cg';Gwfg k4ltsf k|d'v laifox?df ;'wfl/t ahf/sf] kxF'r, afnL pTkfbgf]k/fGtsf pko'Qm k|ljlw, :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL ahf/df ;DalGwt d"Nosf] ;"rgf, ;"rgfsf] k|jfx / tT;DalGwt cWofjlws 1fg ;dfj]z x'g]5g\ . ;du|df s[lif-ag, hn Joj:yfkg tyf k|fs[lts ;|f]t Joj:yfkg laifox? ;d]t ;dfj]; u/L s[lif tyf ;DalGwt k|fs[lts ;|f]t cg';Gwfgsf] If]qnfO{ la:tf/ ul/g] 5 . s[lif Joj;foLs/0fsf] la:tf/nfO{ h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f / lbuf] jftfj/0fLo kIfsf] cfjZostf cg's"n ;+rfng ul/g]5 .

$=*$=* ljljw cfly {s ;xof ]u ;|f ]t ljljw cfly {s ;xof ]u ;|f ]t (Diversified sources of financial support)

g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\\sf nflu cfly{s ;fwg h'6fpg] s'/f Ps u+eL/ laifo /x]sf] 5 . bft[ ;+:yfx?nfO{ kl/rfng u/]/ cfof]hgfx?sf] ;ª\Vofdf j[l4 ePsf] 5 . ;du|df pgLx?sf] ;/sf/L s[lif cg';Gwfg k|ltsf] ;dy{g 36\bf] 5 eg] afx\o ;|f]taf6 k|fKt x'g] cfly{s ;xof]u u}/;/sf/L cg';Gwfgstf{x?sf] nflu a9\bf] 5 . sfo{;+rfng Pj+ ;DklQ Joj:yfkg (asset maintenance) sf nflu >L % sf] ;/sf/ / ;Lldt bft[x?af6 k|fKt /sddf g} kl/ifb\\ lge{/ 5 . kl/ifb\\n] s[lifdf ;+nUg ul/a ls;fgx?df a9L Wofg lbg'kg]{ x+'bf k|ToIf vr{ p7fpg ;Sg] ;+efjgf /x+b}g . csf]{ tk{m cg';Gwfg Pj+ ljsf; sfo{qmdsf] a9L k|ltzt /sd lghLIf]qn] a]]]xf]g'{ kg]{ eGg] bft[ ;d'bfosf] rfxgf a9\bf] 5 . k|lt:kwf{Tds k4ltaf6 cg'bfg ;xof]u ug]{ kl/kfl6sf] ljsf;df klg bft[;d"xsf] rfxgf /x]sf] 5 . t;y{ kl/ifb\sf cg';Gwfg sfo{qmdx?n] To:tf] ;xof]u k|fKt ug{ k|lt:kwf{ ug{;Sg] Ifdtf a9fpg' kg]{ xF'bf a9L bIf j}1flgsx?sf] lgo'lQm Pj+ pgLx?nfO{ cfslif{t ul/ ls|ofzLn /fVg] Joj:yf ul/g] 5 . kl/ifb\n] lg/Gt/?kdf ;/sf/L tyf bft[;xof]unfO{ cfslif{t ug{sf nflu s[lif cg';Gwfg ;DalGw cfk\mgf] k|lti7fnfO{ sfod /fVg ;Sg'kb{5 . ;fy} lghL nufgL / a[xt?kn] s[lif cg';Gwfg;Fu ;DalGwt ;d"xx?;Fusf] ;fem]bf/LnfO{ kl/ifb\\n] k|j4{g ug{ ;Sg'kg]{ x'G5 . at{dfg cj:yfdf sltko bft[;+:yfx?n] s[lif tyf cGo k|fs[lts ;|f]t Pj+ pkIf]qx?df cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf;sf k4ltdf oL If]qsf aLr cfk;L cGQ/;DaGw / lge{/tfaf/] j]jf:tf u/L nufgL ;xof]u ul//x]sf 5g\ .

17

eljiodf ;Dk"0f{ ;/sf/L tyf bft[ ;+:yfsf ;xof]unfO{ pko'Qm 9+un] ;+of]hg u/L ;|f]tx?sf] cem a9L / ;Ifd pkof]usf nflu ;Dej eP;Dd PsLs[t ul/g] 5 .

%=%= eljiosf ] b [ li6sf ]0f / sfof { lwsf/ eljiosf ] b [ li6sf ]0f / sfof { lwsf/ (Future vision and mandate) s[lif tyf ;Dalwt k|fs[lts ;|f]t / ;f] ;Dalwt 1fg-lj1fg, k|ljlw tyf ;Lksf] ljsf; Pj k|of]uaf6 ul/aL lgjf/0f ug]{ b]zsf] dxfcleofgdf 6]jf lbO{ s[lifdf cfwfl/t cf}Bf]lus ljsf; tyf lbuf] hLljsf ;'wf/sf] nflu s[lif tyf k|fs[lts ;|f]]t cg';Gwfg k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ug]{ o; aL;aif]{ cjwf/0ffsf] b[li6sf]0f x'g]]5 . %=!%=! g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifbg]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb \\sf ] e " ldsf sf ] e " ldsf (Role of NARC) s[lif tyf ;DalGwt k|fs[lts ;|f]t cg';Gwfg k4lt / gLlt Pj+ /0fgLlt th'{df ;+be{df g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\\ (Nepal Agricultural Research Council) (NARC) n] /fli6«o:t/df zLif{ lgsfosf] e"ldsf v]Ng] 5 . o;n] g]kfnsf] s[lif cg';Gwfgdf IfdtfzLn ;Dk"0f{ lgsfox? ->L % sf] ;/sf/, /fli6«o s[lif tyf kz' lj1fg cg';Gwfg k|lti7fg, u}/;/sf/L Pj+ lghL lgsfox? / ljZjljBfnox?_ / nfeu|fxLx?df ;|f]t ;dGjo / ax'kIfLo?kn] la:t[t ;xeflutfsf] nflu kmflknf] / bl/nf] jftfj/0f l;|hgf ug]{5 . b]z leq Pj+ aflx/ pknAw j}1flgs Pj+ k|fs[lts ;|f]tx?sf] s'zn Pj+ Jofks kl/rfngaf6 g]kfnL hgtfsf] vfB ;'/Iffdf ;'wf/ Pj+ cfo:t/ j[l4sfnflu pko'Qm k|ljlwsf] ljsf; Pj+ k|;f/ sfo{df cg';Gwfgsf] ax'kIfLo Joj:yf ug{ kl/ifb\\ a9L ls|oflzn /xg] 5 . g]kfnL hgtfsf] ;fdflhs, cfly{s, kf}li6s:t/ Pj+ vfB ;'/Iff h:tf k|d'v kIfx?sf] ;'wf/df s[lif tyf ;DalGwt k|fs[lts ;|f]t cg';Gwfgdf g]t[Tj k|bfg u/L of]ubfg lbg' kl/ifb\\sf] vf; p2]Zo xf] . kl/ifb\nfO{ kf/bzL{, k|efjsf/L / /fli6«o :t/sf] zLif{ ;+:yfsf] ?kdf :yflkt ug]{ b[li6sf]0f /flvPsf] 5 . o;n] b]z leqsf ;DalGwt ;+:yfx?af6 ;+rflnt cg';Gwfgdf ;xof]u / ;dGjo ug{] / cg'udg ug]{ h:tf sfo{ ug]{5 . cGo ;/sf/L lgsfox? -s[lif laefu / kz' ;]jf laefu, s]xL afnL tyf a:t' ljsf; af]8{ tyf ;ldlt / cGo ;/sf/L pBf]ux?_, ljZjljBfno, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf, lghL If]qx? / JolQmx?n] ;+rfng u/]sf cg';Gwfg sfo{qmdx?nfO{ ax'cfoflds (pluralistic) cjwf/0ff cg'?k kl/ifb\\n] k|f]T;fxg / ;xof]u ug]{5 . kl/ifb\\sf] cg';Gwfg sfof{Gjog sfo{ljlwdf ;lGglxt sfo{x? h:t} gLltut ljZn]if0f / dfu{bz{g, cg';Gwfg k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f, ;|f]t ;xof]u, ;dGjo, u'0f:t/ lgoGq0f, cg'udg / d"NofÍg, k|efjsfl/tf klxrfg / lgwf{/0f tyf ;"rgf k|jfx cflbnfO{ cnu cnu ul/ 5'6\ofOg]5 . kl/ifb\\n] cg';Gwfgdf ;+nUg ;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L tyf lghLIf]qsf ;+k"0f{ IfdtfzLn lgsfox?sf] ;xeflutfnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug'{sf ;fy} cg';Gwfgstf{x?sf] Ifdtf clej[l4df ;xof]u lgodgug]{ tyf ;xhstf{sf] sfd klg ug]{5 . ;Dk"0f{ cg';Gwfgstf{x?nfO{ kmflknf] jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug]{ /fli6«o cª\usf] ?kdf sfd ug'{ kl/ifb\sf] uxg lhDd]jf/L x'g]5 . kl/ifb\n] of] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{sf nflu cfjZos lgodx?sf] th'{df Pj+ sfof{Gjog tyf cg'udg ug]{5 / ljsl;t pko'Qm k|ljlwx?af/] ;"rgf k|jfx ug]{5 . /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o If]qsf j}1flgsx?;Fusf] ;xsfo{nfO{ k|f]T;fxg lbg' klg kl/ifb\\sf] bL3{sfnLg e"ldsf x'g]5 . kl/ifb\\n] ;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L / JolQmut If]qsf of]Uo cg';+Gwfgstf{nfO{ dfGotf k|bfgug]{ cf}krfl/s lgsfosf] ?kdf sfd ug]{5 . s[lif tyf ;DalGwt k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] pRr cWoogx?nfO{ ;DalGwt ljZjljBfno k4lt;Fu cfj4 ul/g] 5 .

18

pNn]lvt p2]Zo k|fKt ug{sf] nflu s[lif pTkfbgdf j[l4 / ;DalGwt k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] lbuf] Joj:yfkg kl/k]Ifdf ljZjJofkL kl/jt{gsf r'gf}tLx? ;fy} ;/sf/åf/f lgb]{lzt gLlt tyf k|fyldstfx?jf6 kl/ifb\\ lglb{i6 /xg]5 .

%=@%=@ kl/jlt{t ;+:yfut ;+/rgf kl/jlt{t ;+:yfut ;+/rgf (Major institutional changes) kl/ifb\\sf] at{dfg ;ª\u7gfTds ;+/rgfnfO{ gofF /0fgLlt cg'?k ;+zf]wg ul/g]5 . o;n] s[lif tyf ;DalGwt k|fs[lts ;|f]t cg';Gwfgdf ax'kILfo lgsfox?nfO{ ;xefuL aGg k|f]T;flxt ug]{5 . o;sf nflu ;/sf/L cª\ux?, ;DalGwt ljZjljBfnox?, afnL-a:t' af]8{ / ;ª\3x?, u}/;/sf/L tyf Joj;foL ;+:yfx? nufot ;a}h;f] nlIft au{x?sf] k|ltlglwTj kl/ifb\df pko'Qm?kdf x'g]5 . kl/ifb\\sf] lg0f{ox? sfof{Gjog ug{sf nflu o;sf] Ps ;';ª\ul7t, ;'ljwfo'Qm / cfjZos ah]6 ePsf] ;lrjfno x'g]5 . s[lif dGqfnoåf/f ul7t 5gf}6 ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df lgo'Qm of]Uo sfo{sf/L lgb]{zsn] o; ;lrjfnosf] k|d'vsf] ?kdf sfd ug]{5 . kl/ifb\\n] ;|f]t kl/rfng, pkof]u / k|efjsfl/tf cg'udg ug]{ :jR5 / p2]Zod"ns ;+oGqsf] ljsf; ug]{5 . kl/ifb\\ / ;xefuL ;+:yfx?n] kl/of]hgfsf] k|:tfj k|:t't ug{ ah]6 th'{df / k|efjsfl/tf d"NofÍg ug{sf] nflu pko'Qm kmd]{6x? / lgb]{lzsfx? agfpg] 5 . kl/ifb\\n] sfo{qmd / nufgLsf] k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f ug]{5 . ;xefuL ;+:yfx?sf] sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog / cGttf]uTjf sfo{qmdaf6 kg]{ k|efjsfl/tfsf] d"NofÍg ug]{ sfo{df kl/ifb\\ ;+nUg x'g]5 . kl/ifb\\ ;lrjfnoleq gLltut ljZn]if0f, cg';Gwfg Joj:yfkg, k|efjsfl/tf d"NofÍg / ;"rgf k|ljlwdf oy]i6 Ifdtf ePsf rflx+bf] ;ª\Vofdf dfq sd{rf/L /xg]5g\ . /fli6«o s[lif cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf; sf]if (National Agricultural Research & Development Fund) (NARDF) sf] cjwf/0ffcg';f/ g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\\sf] k|lt:kw{fTds cg'bfg cg';Gwfg sfo{qmd ;+rfng x'g]5 . k|lt:kwf{Tds cg';Gwfg sfo{qmddf NARC Policy Body nfO{ j9L k|efjsf/L u/fpg NARDF / NARC n] ;+o'Qm ?kdf sfd ug]{5 . klxrfg ul/Psf cfwf/e"t tyf cGt/+u cg';Gwfg (basic & core researches) sfo{sf] nflu cfjZos /sd pknJw u/fOg]5 . kl/ifb\nfO{ cfjZos kg]{ /sdsf] k|d'v ;|f]t o;k|sf/ x'g]5g\M ;/sf/L cg'bfg, aflx/L bft[;+:yfx?sf] cfly{s of]ubfg, laleGg a:t' ljsf; af]8{x?af6 k|fKtx'g] cfly{s of]ubfg, laleGg s[lif pBf]ux?sf] rfxgfcg'?k cg';Gwfg sfo{ubf{ k|fKt x'g] cfly{s of]ubfg, s[lif pkhsf] cfoft / lgof{t ubf{df cfpg] ljz]if s/ /sd cflb . g]kfnL e"–efudf laBdfg ljljw s[lif hnjfo'nfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ h}ljs k|ljlw afx]s cGo ;Dk"0f{ cg';Gwfg sfo{qmdnfO{ If]qLo cfjZostfsf] cfwf/df hf]8 lbOg] 5 . k|fyldstf k|fKt If]qdf cg';Gwfgsf nflu k|f]T;flxt ug{ / cg';Gwfg Pj+ ljsf; kl/kf6Ldf sfo{s'zntf / /fd|f] yLlt a;fNg kl/ifb\n] vf; dfkb08 / tT;DalGwt lgb]{lzsf th'{df u/L k|sfzdf Nofpg]5 .

%=#%=# lhDd]jf/L lhDd]jf/L (Areas of responsibility) zLif{ lgsfosf] ?kdf kl/ifb\sf] k|d'v bfloTjIf]q ;+If]kdf lgDg adf]lhd x'g]5g\ .

• s[lif;+u ;DalGwt afnL, kz'-k+l5 tyf dT:okfng, k|fs[lts ;|f]tx? / u|fdL0f ljsf; ;DalGw cg';Gwfg sfo{x?, ;/sf/L Pj+ u}/;/sf/L lgsfox?n] ;+rfng u/]sf sfo{x? ;d]tnfO{ k|j4{g, ;xof]u, ;dGjo / d"NofÍg ug]{ /fli6«o zLif{ ;+:yfsf] ?kdf sfd ug]{ .

19

• /fli6«o cg';Gwfg sfo{ / ;|f]t lalgof]hgdf b'u{dIf]qsf hg–;d'bfox? / s[lif pBdLx? x?sf] rfxgf / k|fyldstfnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{'sf ;fy} s[lif, kz'-k+l5 / ;DalGwt k|fs[lts ;|f]t cg';Gwfgx? ;Dk"0f{ nlIftau{ h:t} s[ifs / ;fgf pBdLx? ;d]tsf] k"0f{ ;xeflutf / ;dGjodf sfo{ ug]{ . o:tf sfo{df ;fgf pBdLx?, vfBfGg cefj ePsf / b'u{dIf]qnfO{ ljz]if hf]8 lbO{g]5 .

• ;DalGwt ;/sf/L ljefux?, ljZjljBfnox?, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?, lghLIf]qsf lgsfox? / of]Uo JolQmx? ;d]tsf] ;+Dk"0f{ IfdtfzLn cg';Gwfg ;xstf{x?sf] ;ls|o ;xeflutfnfO{ k|j4{g ug]{ .

• s[lif / ;DalGwt k|fs[lts ;|f]t cg';Gwfgsf] k|j4{gdf /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o ;|f]tx?nfO{ kl/rfng ug]{ .

• s[lif cg';GwfgnfO{ /fli6«o cfjZostf cg's"n agfO ljsf;sf] d"nk|jfxdf Nofpg], k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f ug]{ / cfly{s ;|f]tsf] lalgof]hg / sfo{qmd lgwf{/0fdf ;dGjo ug]{ / laleGg cg';Gwfg sfo{qmddf ;xhstf{sf] x}l;otn] of]ubfg k'Øfpg], cGt/+u sf]if (core fund) / k|lt:kwf{Tds cg';Gwfg sf]ifsf]] pkof]udf k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f ug]{ .

• pko'{Qm k|fyldstfx?nfO{ k"0f{?kdf ;dflxt ug]{ u/L cfjZos ;'wf/sf sbdx? rfNg] .

• s[lif, kz'-k+5L tyf dT:okfng / tt\ cg'?ksf k|fs[lts ;|f]tx? ;DalGw cg';Gwfg / ljsf;sf lgldQ If]qLo :t/df Ifdtf j[l4nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ .

• s[lif tyf tt\ cg'?ksf k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;DalGw ljsl;t k|ljlwx?nfO{ s[ifs Pj+ IfdtfzLn pkof]ustf{ ;dIf k'Øfpg pko'Qm ;+oGqsf] ljsf; ug]{ / ;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L tyf lghLIf]qdf /x]sf laleGg cg';Gwfgstf{ / k|ljlw x:tfGt/0f ug]{ lgsfox? aLr ;dGjo sfod ug]{ .

%=$%=$ ljBdfg kl/ifbljBdfg kl/ifb \\sf ] cfGtl/s ;'wf/ sf ] cfGtl/s ;'wf/ (Reform within present NARC)

%=$=!%=$=! cGtl/d Joj:yf cGtl/d Joj:yf (The interim period) k|:t't\ aL;aif]{ cjwf/0ffdf cGt/lglxt ;'wf/sf nflu P]gnfO{ ;+;baf6 kfl/t ug{ ;Defljt b'O{ aif{sf] cjlwdf k|:tfljt ;'wf/x? ;+:yfut?kdf :yflkt ul/g]5g\ . pko'Qm P]g sfg'g gag'~h]n / ;+;baf6 To;sf] cg'df]bg geO~h]n;Ddsf nflu s[lif cg';Gwfgsf ofjt sfo{qmdx? sfof{Gjog ug{ pRrtd lgsfosf] pQ/bfloTj at{dfg g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\sf] x'g]5 . kl/ifb\sf] at{dfg sfo{sf/L ;ldltnfO{{ g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg sfo{sf/L af]8{ (Nepal Agricultural Research Executive Board) (NAREB) sf] ?kdf gfdfs/0f ul/g]5 / cg';Gwfg sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog lhDd]jf/L o;}sf] x'g]5 . /fli6«o s[lif cg';Gwfg k|lti7fg (National Agricultural Reasearch Institute) (NARI), /fli6«o kz' lj1fg cg';Gwfg k|lti7fg (National Animal Science Research Institute) (NASRI), If]qLo s[lif cg';Gwfg s]Gb|,-If]=s[=c=s]_ afnL-a:t' cg';Gwfg sfo{qmx? sfo{Gjog ug{ u/fpg af]8{ (NAREB) sf] Pp6f ;lrjfno :yfkgf ul/g]5 . o; kl/jt{gsf] cjlw leq b'a} ;+:yfx? (NARC, NAREB) n] cfˆgf] gofF e"ldsf cg';f/ k|efjsf/L sfo{ ug{sf nflu la:t[t ;'wf/ / sfo{of]hgfx? tof/ ug]{5g\ . pNn]lvt cGtl/d cjlw / k|:t't\ aL;aif]{ cjwf/0ff :jLs[t e};s]kl5 klg oL b'a} ;+:yfn] bzf+} of]hgf cjlwsf nflu s[lif tyf ;xsf/L d+qfno / /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u;+u ;dGjo sfod u/L lj:t[t sfo{qmd tof/ ug]{5g\ . cfjZos ;+zf]lwt P]g lgod

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nfu' gx'Fbf;Ddsf nflu oL ;+:yfx?n] cGtl/d?kdf sfd ug]{5g\ . o; cjlwdf aL;aif]{ cjwf/0ffdf pNn]v ul/P cg'?k cfjZos tof/L ;d]t ug]{5g\ . gLlt / sfof{Gjog lgsfox?aLrsf] sfg'gL ljjfbnfO{ sd ug{ cGtl/d\ sfnnfO{ oyf;+ej sd ul/g] 5 . %=$=@%=$=@ bL3 {sfnLg Joj:yf bL3 {sfnLg Joj:yf (In the long run) klxnf] kfFr aif{df Psk6s / To;kl5 k|To]s %. % aif{df kl/ifb\n] k|:t't\ cjwf/0ffdf ;lGglxt kl/ifb\sf] e"ldsf, lhDd]bf/L / sfof{Gjog eP cg';f/ k|fKt pknlAwx?sf] :jtGq?kn] k'g/fjnf]sg u/fpg]5 . k'g/fjnf]sg 6f]nLsf] l;kmfl/; adf]lhd df}h'bf sfo{ k|0ffnL / /0fgLltdf ;d]t pko'Qm kl/jt{g / ;+zf]wg ul/g] 5 . d"NofÍg 6f]nLdf :jtGq d"nofÍgstf{ /xg]5g\ .

^=^= kl/ifbkl/ifb \\sf ] /0fgLlts cg';Gwfg gLltsf ] ?k/ ]vf sf ] /0fgLlts cg';Gwfg gLltsf ] ?k/ ]vf (Strategic research policy framework)

kl/ifb\sf] /0fgLlts cg';Gwfg gLltsf] ?k/]vf tn n]lvP cg';f/ b'O{ efudf ljeQm 5g\ .

-s_ dfu{ bz{s l;4fGtx? / -v_ vf; /0fgLlt

dfu{bz{s l;4fGtn] kl/ifb\nfO{ /fli6«o gLltsf] d"nwf/df /xL ;xL af6f] lx+8\b} pknAw ef}lts, cfly{s, dfgjLo / ;+:yfut ;|f]tx?sf] ;b'kof]u ug{ lgb]{lzt ub{5 eg] /0fgLltn] ljleGg cg';Gwfg sfo{qmd sfo{Gjogdf ckgfpg' kg]{ tl/sfsf] JofVof ub{5 .

^=! ^=! dfu {bz{s l;4fGtx? dfu {bz{s l;4fGtx? (Guiding principles) s[lif / ;DalGwt k|fs[lts ;|f]t cg';Gwfgsf nflu gofF dfu{bz{s l;4fGt b]zleq / ljZjdf pknAw k|rlnt / ;d;fdlos 1fgdf cfwfl/t x'g]5 . o; k|sf/ kl/ifb\ lgDg pNn]lvt k|d'v dfu{bz{s l;4fGt nfO{ c+lusf/ u/]/ To;;+u cfj4 /xL sfof{lGjt x'g]5 .

-s_ gLlt th'{df Pj+ ;dGjosfo{ / sfof{Gjog cleef/f oL b'O{ sfo{If]qx? k"0f{?k]0f cnu /x]sf] emlNsg] u/L kl/ifb\n] ;+:yfsf] 9fFrfdf kl/jt{g Nofpg] 5 .

-v_ l5d]sL /fi6«x?, If]qLo tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfx? / lghL If]qn] xfl;n u/]sf k|fljlws pknlAwx?af6 kl/ifb\n] nfe p7fpg] 5 .

-u_ ;DalGwt ;"rgf tyf 1fg ;+sng u/L ;Dk"0f{ ;/f]sf/jfnfx? (stakeholders) aLr k|;f/0f ug]{ k|d'v e"ldsf kl/ifb\n] v]Ng] 5 .

-3_ s[ifs, s[lif;Dalwt kz'lrlsT;s tyf cGo s[lif;Dalwt cfly{s sfo{snfkx?af6 lg;[t lg/Gt/ k|f?k km]l//xg] :yflgo 1fg tyf k|ljlwnfO{ kl/ifb\n] ;b'kof]u ug]{ 5 .

^=!=!^=!=! ;+:yfx? ;+:yfx? (Institutions) kl/ifb\ leq ;+:yfut ;'wf/ sfof{Gjog u/L dfly pNn]lvt l;4fGtx?sf] cfwf/df o; ;+:yfsf] sfo{ljlw sfof{l{Gjt x'g]5g\ . ljBdfg kl/ifb\nfO{ b'O{ cnu cnu ;+:yfsf] ?kdf k'gu{7g ul/g]5 . gLlt th'{dfsf/ / ;dGjossf] ?kdf of] kl/ifb\ zLif{ lgsfosf] e"ldsfdf /xg]5 / o;n] s[lif tyf ;DalGwt k|fs[lts ;|f]t cg';Gwfg ah]6sf] af8kmf+6 ug]{5 . ax';+Vos cg';Gwfgstf{x?åf/f ul/g] cg';Gwfg sfo{x?df ;xof]u ug]{5 . kl/ifb\n] k|efjsf/L 9ª\un] g]t[Tj k|bfg ug]{5, / ;/sf/L Pj+

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lghLIf]qdf s[lif tyf ;DalGwt k|fs[lts ;|f]t cg';Gwfg sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ug]{ Ifdtfsf] clej[l4df ;xfos x'g]5 . s[lif cg';Gwfg sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogsf] lhDd]jf/ g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg sfo{sf/L ;ldlt x'g]5 . sfo{sf/L ;ldltn] s[lif tyf ;DalGwt k|fs[lts ;|f]t cg';Gwfg sfo{qmdx?sf] nflu sfof{Gjos tyf ;dGjos lgsfosf] ?kdf sfo{ ug]{5 . o;sf] dftxtdf xfnsf /fli6«o s[lif cg';Gwfg k|lti7fg /fli6«o kz'lj1fg cg';Gwfg k|lti7fg / cGt{utsf ;DjlGwt laifoljz]if dxfzfvfx?, If]qLo s[lif cg';Gwfg s]Gb|x?, /fli6«o afnL tyf a:t' cg';Gwfg sfo{qmdx? /xg]5g\ . k|lti7fgx? If]=s[=c=s]=, /fli6«o afnL tyf a:t' cg';Gwfg sfo{qmdx?sf] a[xt\ sfo{;+hfn / logLx?df sfo{zLn ax';+Vos sd{rf/Lsf] k|jGw ldnfpg] / ;'kl/j]If0f ug]{ sfd kl/ifb\sf] af]8{ dfkm{t ul/g] k|d'v sfo{x? x'g]5g\ . To:t} cg';Gwfg gLltsf] sfof{Gjog ug'{ / ;d:of lg/fs/0fsf sfo{x? kl/ifb\sf] af]8{n] ug]{ 5 . >L % sf] ;/sf/k|lt kl/ifb\ hjfkmb]xL x'g]5 eg] kl/ifb\k|lt af]8{ hjfkmb]xL x'g]5 . /fli6«o s[lif cg';Gwfg k|lti7fg nfO{ b]zsf] afnL tyf afujfgL;DjlGw cg';Gwfg ug]{ / /fli6«o kz'lj1fg cg';Gwfg k|lti7fg nfO{ b]zsf] kz-k+5L, dT:o Pj+ r/g tyf 3f+;]afnL ;DjlGw cg';Gwfg ug{] pTs[i6 cg';Gwfg s]Gb|x?sf] ?kdf ljsl;t ul/g]5 . o:tf pTs[i6 cg';Gwfg k|lti7fgx?df s[lif / ;DalGwt k|fs[lts ;|f]t cg';Gwfg ug]{ lgsfox?sf nflu ljZjljBfno;+usf] cg'jGwgdf cg';Gwfg cfwfl/t z}lIfs tflnd sfo{qmd;d]t ;+rfng u/L dfgjLo ;|f]tsf] ljsf; ul/g]5 . pko{'Qm dfGotfsf cfwf/df, ljBdfg kl/ifb\sf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ cª\unfO{ /fli6«o gLlt lgdf{0f ug]{ cª\uaf6 cnu u/L ;+rfng ul/g]5 . /fli6«o s[lif cg';Gwfg k4ltnfO{ k|efjsf/L, ljs]lGb|os[t / ;xefuLd'ns agfpg k|lti7fgx?, If]=s[=c=s]=, /fli6«o afnL tyf a:t' cg';Gwfg sfo{qmdx? af]8{ ;lrjfno dfk{mt Jojl:yt ul/g]5 . kl/ifb\\n] k|To]s kf+r jif{df ul/g] ;dLIffjf6 cfjZos b]vL lgb]{zg ePdf cGo yk k|lti7fg tyf cGo cg';Gwfgsf lgsfox?nfO{ g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg sfo{sf/L ;ldltdf ;dfj]z ug{]5 .

^=!=@^=!=@ If ]qLo cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf; If ]qLo cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf; (Eco-regional research and development)

kl/ifb\n] t/fO{, kxf8 / pRr kxf8LIf]qsf] cg';Gwfgdf ;Gt'ng sfod ug]{5 . t/fO{sf s[ifsx? ahf/sf] kx'+r / v]tLsf] ;|f]t ;+be{sf] b[li6n] t'ngfTsd?kdf ;'lawfo'Qm 5g\ . o; If]qdf pGgt k|ljlwx?af6 l56f] k|efjsf/L pknlAw xfl;n ug{ ;lsg] ljZjf; lnOPsf] 5 . ;fy} t/fO{df ePsf] pTkfbsTj k|ultn] ubf{ oxf+sf] pTkfbgnfO{ vl/b las|Ldf Nofpg'sf cltl/Qm b]zsf] zx/L If]qsf ahf/df pknAw u/fpg ;lsG5 . csf]{ tk{m x]g]{ xf] eg] ul/a hgtfsf] a;f]af; t/fO{df eGbf kxf8d} a9L 5 . ctM o; e]usf pNn]lvt ul/a hg;d'bfosf] hLljsf]kfh{gdf ;'wf/ Nofpg kl/ifb\n] ljz]if Wofg lbg] 5 . vfB cfk'lt{df ;'wf/, cfDbfgL ;|f]tdf j[l4 / /f]huf/Lsf cj;/ a9fP/ kxf8L / pRr kxf8LIf]qsf hg;d'bfosf] hLjg:t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg ;lsg]5 . kmntM o; e]uaf6 t/fO{ / zx/LIf]qdf a;fO{ ;/fO{sf] nx/nfO{ sdug{ of]ubfg k'Ug]5 . kxf8L / pRr kxf8L If]qdf ljBdfg sdhf]/ jftfj/0f / vfB c;'/IffnfO{ Wofgdf /fVb} /fli6«o s[lif cg';Gwfg k4ltn] oL If]qdf cg';Gwfgsf nflu k|fyldstfsf ;fy nufgL ug]{5 .

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^=!=#^=!=# cfwf/e"t, Jojxfl/s Pj+ cfwf/e"t, Jojxfl/s Pj+ u |fxu |fx \\ oo cg';Gwfg cg';Gwfg (Basic, applied and adaptive research)

kl/ifb\n] pkof]ustf{sf] cfjZostf tyf dfucg'?k Jojxfl/s (applied) tyf u|fx\o (adaptive) cg';Gwfg sfo{qmdx?nfO{ k|jw{g ug]{5 . If]qLo k|fljlws sfo{ ;d"xx? (Regional Technical Working Groups) (RTWGs) sf] ;+nUgtfdf cg';Gwfgstf{, k|;f/stf{, ljsf;;DalGw ;+:yfx? Pj+ s[ifs tyf ;DalGwt ;+:yfx?sf] ;xeflutfdf x'g] u|fdL0f:t/Lo sfo{zfnf uf]li7af6 l;kmfl/; ul/Psf cg';Gwfg sfo{qmdx?nfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{g]5 . v]tL k|0ffnL / afnL-j:t' cfwfl/t cg';Gwfg sfo{qmdx?df hf]8 x'g]5 . cg]sg sfo{bn ;lDdlnt ;xefuLd'ns oL sfo{qmdx? ax'laifoljz]if, ax'afnL-a:t' ;DalGw x'g]5g\ . sfof{lGjt cg';Gwfg sfo{qmdx? ul/jL pGd"ngdf :ki6 Pj+ ;sf/fTds of]ubfg ;xfos tyf jftfj/0fLo lbuf]kgf, n}+lus ;dfgtf, pTkfbg Pj+ cfoj[l4df of]ubfg ;xfos h:tf clenIf0fo'Qm x'g]5g\ . cfufdL lbgx?df kl/ifb\n] Jofks?kdf cg';Gwfgstf{x?af6 ;DalGwt ;"rgf Pj+ hfgsf/L pknAw ug]{5 . If]qLo k|fljlws sfo{ ;d"xx?sf] pkof]u ug'{sf ;fy} kl/ifb\n] cGo ;+:yfx? h:t} ljZjljBfno ;+nUg lgsfox? tyf ljsf; of]hgfx? -h:t} PsLs[t zq'hLj Joj:yfkg l;+rfO cfof]hgfx? cflb_ nfO{ cg';Gwfg k|fyldstf lgwf{/0fdf a9L ;+nUg u/fpg] ljz]if e"ldsf v]Ng] 5 . cfwf/e"t (Basic) cg';Gwfgsf nflu laleGg ;xefuL cGt/f{li6«o cg';Gwfg ;+:yfx? Pj+ cGo ;|f]tx?af6 hfgsf/L k|fKt ug{ pko'Qm ;+oGqsf] ljsf; Pj+ o;sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ul/g]5 . ^=!=$^=!=$ cg';Gwfg tyf k |;f/sf ] cGt/;DaGw la:tf/ cg';Gwfg tyf k |;f/sf ] cGt/;DaGw la:tf/ (Broadening of research-

extension linkages)

s[lif tyf ;DalGwt k|fs[lts ;|f]t cg';Gwfgsf ;a} k|of;x? ljsf;f]Gd'vL x'g]5g\ / oL k|of;x?nfO{ ;du| s[lifIf]q tyf k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] ljsf;df cfj4 ul/g]5g\ . s[lif tyf ;DalGwt k|fs[lts ;|f]t cg';Gwfgdf :jefljs?kn] ax'kILfo w]/} If]q Pj+ pkIf]qx? ;dflji6 ePsf x'G5g\ . o;} oyfy{nfO{ b[li6ut u/L kl/ifb\n] cg';Gwfg k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f ug]{5 . xfn s[lif ;DalGwt pk]lIft lgsfox? h:t} afujfgL, kz'-k+5L tyf dT:okfng, s[lif-ag, h8La'6L, u}/-sf7 ag pTkfbg, h}ljs ljljwtf, hn Joj:yfkg, s[lif k|zf]wg tyf afnL pTkfbgf]k/fGtsf sfo{x?, ahf/, n}ª\lus ;dtf h:tf laifox?df / jftfj/0fLo lbuff]kgfsf] k|j4{gdf kof{Kt hf]8 lbOg]5 . :yfgLo, If]qLo, /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o:t/df ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L If]qsf laleGg lgsfox?;Fu pko'Qm ;DaGw tyf sfof{Gjog k4ltsf] ljsf; ul/g]5 h;af6 pknAw ;|f]tsf] clwstd pkof]u x'g ;Sg]5 .

^=!=%^=!=% ;xsfl/tf tyf ;dembf/L ;xsfl/tf tyf ;dembf/L (Participation and alliance) kl/ifb\n] cfˆgf] nIo k|flKtsf nflu pknAw ;|f]tsf] clwstd pkof]u u/L If]qLo, /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yf Pj+ lgsfox?aLrsf] ;xsfl/tfnfO{ ;ls|o?kn] k|f]T;flxt ug]{5 . gofF /0fgLltsf] sfo{fGjog k|ls|of cg's"n kl/ifb\n] cg';Gwfgstf{x?nfO{ :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL z}lIfs Pj+ cg';Gwfg ;+:yfx?;Fu ;DaGw sfod ug{ / ;xof]u k|fKt ug{ ;xsfl/tfsf k|ls|ofnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{5 .

^=!=^^=!=^ hgzlQm ljsf; hgzlQm ljsf; (Human resource development) /fli6«o s[lif tyf k|fs[lts ;|f]t cg';Gwfg k4ltdf ;+nUg lgsfox?sf] lglDt hgzlQm g} d'Vo ;fwg xf] . kl/ifb\n] ;xof]u / cfly{s 6]jf lbPsf cg';Gwfg sfo{x?sf] u'0f:t/ ;'lglZrt ug{

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o;n] pko'Qm lgb]{lzsf, sfo{ljlw Pj+ cfwf/x?sf] ljsf; ug]{5 . jt{dfg kl/l:yltdf cg';Gwfgstf{x?nfO{ lbuf]?kdf cfslif{t u/L ls|ofzLn /fVg / pgLx?nfO{ cfjZos tflndsf] Joj:yf ug{ kl/ifb\nfO{ k|d'v r'gf}tL ePsf] 5 . tflnd k|fKt kl/is[t o'jf cg';Gwfgstf{sf] ;/sf/LIf]qaf6 cGoq knfognfO{ /f]sL cg';Gwfg / ljsf;sfo{ ;DalGwt ;/sf/LIf]qdf ls|ofzLn /fVg vf; Joj:yf ug'{kg]{5 . kl/ifb\n] cGo ;+:yfx?df ultzLn /x]sf s[lif tyf k|fs[lts ;|f]t cg';Gwfg k4ltsf] ;dLIffTds cWoog u/L yfxf kfO{Psf ljsl;t ljifox? cfk\mgf] ;+:Yff leqsf ljleGg lgsfox?df cfjZos dxz'z ePsf 7fpdfF ;'wf/ x]t' k|of]u ug]{5 .

^=!=&^=!=& ljz]if Wofg ljz]if Wofg (Special focus) kl/ifb\n] vfB;'/Iff Pj+ kf]if0f ;DalGw laifox?sf cg';Gwfgdf ljz]if Wofg lbg]5 . g]kfnsf w]/} h:tf kxf8L e]ux? vfBfGg pTkfbgdf lgs} lk5\lbPsf 5g\ . o; tk{msf] kf}li6s:t/ klg lgs} bogLo 5 . oL If]qx?df ljz]if Wofg lbg'kg]{ ;/sf/L gLlt cg'?k oL If]qx?sf nflu kl/ifb\n] cg';Gwfgsf lgsfox?nfO{ k|ljlw ljsf; ug{ nufpg ljz]if k|of; ug]{5 .

^=@^=@ vf; /0fgLlt vf; /0fgLlt (Strategy)

^=@=!^=@=! lj1fg Pj+ k | ljlw k4ltsf ] k |j4 {g lj1fg Pj+ k | ljlw k4ltsf ] k |j4 {g (Promotion of science and technology systems)

s[lif tyf k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;DalGw lj1fg / k|ljlw k4ltx?sf] k|j4{gdf / ;fy}] ;+:yf leq} / cfk\mgf ;xof]uL Pj+ ;xefuL ;+:yfx?aLr j}1flgs ;+:sf/sf] ljsf;df g]kfn s[lif cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\n] cu|0Lf e"ldsf v]Ng]5 . kl/ifb\nfO{ gLlt lgdf{0f ug]{ ;+:yfsf] ?kdf :yflkt ul/g]5 h;n] cg';Gwfgsf a9L ;fGble{s sfo{qmdnfO{ k|j4{g ug]{5, /fli6«o k|fyldstf If]q lgwf{/0f ug]{5, cg';Gwfg / ljsf; sfo{;+hfnx?nfO{ ;ª\ul7t ug]{ 5 / ;fy} cGo cg';Gwfg Pj+ ljsf; ;+:yfx? aLr cGt/;DaGw sfod ug]{]5 . ^=@=@^=@=@ bft[; +:yfsf ] ;xof ]u tyf ;xof ]uL kl/of ]hgfx? bft[; +:yfsf ] ;xof ]u tyf ;xof ]uL kl/of ]hgfx? (Donor support and

collaborative projects) cg';Gwfg ;+:yfx?af6 a9L k|efjsf/L cg';Gwfg sfof{Gjog sfo{ljlw pknAw u/fP/ / cfjZos /sd pknAwtfdf kx'+r k'¥ofP/ kl/ifb\n] ;xof]ufTds / bft[ ;dly{t k|ljlw ljsf; ;DalGwt kl/of]hgfx?nfO{ psf:g]5 . cg';Gwfg / ljsf;b'j}df bvn ePsf ljljw /fli6|\o, If]qLo tyf cGt/f{li6|\o ;+:yfx?;+u sfo{;+hfn t}of/ u/L ;DaGw sfod ug{ 5'6 o;n] cg';Gwfg ;+:yfx?nfO{ lbg]5 .

^=@=#^=@=# cg';Gwfg sfo {qmddf k | fyldstf lgwf {/0f cg';Gwfg sfo {qmddf k | fyldstf lgwf {/0f (Priority setting for research programming)

;s];Dd 5f]6]f cjlwdf s[lifIf]q vf; u/]/ s[lifsf] Joj;flos/0f tyf ;fgf ls;fg Pj+ pBdLnfO{ k|ToIf ;xof]u ;DaGwdf clwstd ;sf/fTds k|efjsf] nflu kl/ifb\n] cg';Gwfg k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f u/L cg';Gwfg Pj+ k|fljlws sfo{s|dx? t}of/ kfg]{ 5 .

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^=@=$^=@=$ :jb]zL 1fg / :yfgLo ;fwgsf ] ;b'kof ]u :jb]zL 1fg / :yfgLo ;fwgsf ] ;b'kof ]u (Use of indigenous knowledge and locally available resource)

cg';Gwfg sfo{qmdx? / k|ljlw ljsf;df :jb]zL 1fg, k/Dk/fut k|ljlw / :yfgLo pknAe ;fwg;|f]tx? 7Ls;+u ;fd]n ug{ kl/ifb\n] ljz]if kxn ug]{ 5 . :jb]zL 1fg nf]k x'g'x'b}g . oyf;+ej o;sf] Ifdtf ;'b[9 kfg'{ k5{ / s'g} klg gofF k|ljlw jf j}slNks k|ljlwsf] /]vf+sg cyjf kl/dfh{gdf o;nfO{ ;Demg' h?/L 5 . o;/L g} s[lifsf] pTkfbg Ifdtf Pj+ pTkfbsTj a9fpg :yfgLo pknAw ;fwg;|f]tx? -df6]f, jf]6 lj?jf tyf kz'-k+5L Pj+ df5f, :yfgLo hftx? _ / k/Dk/fut ufpFn] ;Lkx? sf] dgUo pkof]u ug'{ h?/L 5 . gofF k|ljlw jf j}slNks k|ljlwsf] ljsf; ug{ cg';Gwfg sfo{s+dx? ;+rfng ul/+bf lj1fgsf ;fwf/0f lgodx? ;dfj]zu/L :jb]zL 1fg / k/Dk/fut ufpFn] ;Lkx?nfO{ kl/ifb\n] ;dfj]z u/fpg] 5 . kl/ifb\n] :yfgLo ;|f]tx?sf] j}slNks k|of]uaf/] cg';Gwfg / k|ljlw ljsf; u/L pkof]u ug]{5 . g]kfnn] cGt/f{li6«o ;lGw ;Demf}tfcg'?k s[lif tyf k|fs[lts ;|f]t;DalGw kfngf ug'{kg]{ laifodf ;d]t kl/ifb\n] cfjZos Joj:yf ug]{5 .

^=@=%^=@=% j +zfg 'ut ;|f ]tx?sf ] Joj:yfkg / ljsf; j+zfg 'ut ;|f ]tx?sf ] Joj:yfkg / ljsf; (Management and development of genetic resources)

cg';Gwfg pkof]uL ;+klt tyf /fli6«o k]jfsf] ?kdf kl/ifb\n] k|f0fL / ag:kltx?sf] j+zfg'ut ;|f]tx?nfO{ ;+/If0f, Joj:yfkg / ljsf;df oy]i6 Wofg k'Øfpg]5 . ljleGg afnLgfnL, kmnkm"nsf ?v, t/sf/L, kz'k+5L, hnr/ k|f0fLx? / :jb]zL la?jfx?sf hfltsf cfwf/df g]kfnsf] s[lif h}ljs ljljwtfn] ;';DkGg 5 . s[lif k|ljlw ljsf;sf] nflu cg';Gwfgsf cfwf/e"t tTjx? oL g} x'g\ . ljutdf cfly{s ;|f]tsf] cefj, sdhf]/ ;dGjo Pj+ lbuf] x'g g;Sg] Joj:yfkg cflbn] ubf{ oL ;DklQx? pk]lIft lyP . ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ubf{ k[YjL lzv/;Dd]ng !((@ (Earth Summit 1992) sf] 3f]if0ffnfO{ dgg ul/g]5 . o;}nfO{ Wofgdf /fvL afnL, kz'-k+5L, t/sf/L tyf kmnk"mn, hnr/ / 3+f;]afnL tyf s[lif-jg, r/g ;DjGwL h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;Daw{g / af}l4s ;DklQ ;+/If0f;DalGw sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/g]5 . gLltut ljZn]if0f / /0fgLlts cg';Gwfgdf lghLIf]q / ;fj{hlgsIf]qsf] e"ldsfnfO{ k|j4{g ug{ kl/ifb\n] cf}krfl/s gLltsf] th'{df ug]{5 . h}ljs k|ljlwsf] ljsf;nfO{ plrt a9fjf lbOg]5 .

^=@=^ h}ljs k| ljlwsf ] ljsf; ^=@=^ h}ljs k| ljlwsf ] ljsf; (Development of biotechnology) vfBfGg, afujfgL Pj+ kz' k+G5Lsf] pTkfbg tyf pTkfbsTj j[l4 tyf h}ljs >f]tx?sf] j+zf0f'ut -l8=Pg=P=_ :t/sf] rfl/lqs klxrfgsf] nflu /fli6«o:t/sf] h}ljs k|ljlw k|of]uzfnfsf] :yfkgf / hgzlQmsf] ljsf; u/L cWoog tyf cg';Gwfg ul/g]5 .

^=@=&^=@=& k |zf ]wg / dxTj clej[ l4 k |zf ]wg / dxTj clej[ l4 (Processing and value addition) kl/ifb\n] cg';GwfgnfO{ ;xh u/fP/ s[lif tyf ;DalGwt k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] If]qdf Joj;foLs/0fnfO{ a9fjf lbg]5 . o; l;nl;nfdf cGg tyf gub]afnL, t/sf/L / kmnkm"n Pj+ kz'kfng / df5fkfng / pTkfbgf]k/fGt k|ljlwx? (post hatvest technologies) sf] ljsf; u/fP/ o:tf a:t'sf] dxTj clej[l4 ul/g]5 .

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s[lif pkhsf] Jofks k|j4{g / pkof]udf afwf ug]{ tTjx? l56f] lalu|g], sd d"No / ef/L jhg x'g], d"Nosf] t'ngfdf sd kf}li6s, pTkflbt a:t' df};ddf dfq kfOg] / afnL tof/ x'Fbf vkt eGbf a9L pTkfbg (surplus) x'g] cflb x'g . kl/ifb\n] k|ljlw ljsf;sf] of]hgf th'{df / tl/sfdf gLltut ;'wf/ ug]{5 h;af6 pkhsf] d"Nodf j[l4, vfB;'/Iffdf a9f]Q/L / /f]huf/Lsf cj;/sf] l;h{gf x'g'sf ;fy} cfoft k|lt:yfkg / lgof{t j[l4df ;d]t of]ubfg k'Ug]5 . o;/L g} pks/0f / ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ pBf]u h:t} s[lif cf}hf/, l;+rfO, bfgf pBf]u, b'Uw pBf]u, df;' pBf]u, zq'hLjgfzs ljifflbx? / kz'/f]u lgjf/s cf}ifwLx? laqm]tf h:tf ;d"xx?sf] ;d:of Pj+ ;DalGwt k|ljlwsf] cfjZostfnfO{ ;d]t laz]if Wofg lbOg]5 .

^=@=*^=@=* ;"rgf Pj+ k |sfzg ;"rgf Pj+ k |sfzg (Information and publication) kl/ifb\n] o;sf ;Dk"0f{ cg';Gwfg s[ltx?, gofF k|ljlwx? / ;fGble{s hfgsf/Lx? ;DalGwt pkof]u stf{nfO{ pknAw u/fpg ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] k|efjsf/L k4ltnfO{ ;'lglZrt u/fpg]5 . ;"rgf ;+sng, clen]vg / ljt/0f ;]jfsf] s]Gb|ljGb'sf] ?kdf e'ldsf v]Ng' kl/ifb\sf] Ps k|d'v sfd x'g]5 . /fli6«o ;xefuL, ;/f]sf/jfnfx? / cGt/f{li6«o ;xsdL{x?;Fu ;"rgf cfbfg k|bfgug{ k|efjsf/L ;+oGqsf]] :yfkgf / ;+rfng ug{ kl/ifb\n] pknAw cfw'lgs ;+rf/sf ;fwgx? k|of]udf Nofpg]5 . ;fGble{stf cg'?k CD ROM jf cGo cfw'lgs dfWod jf/] cg';Gwfg s[ltx? / tYofÍx? cfbfg k|bfg ul/g]5 . kl/ifb\n] j}1flgs tYofÍ, ;"rgf, ljZn]if0fsf nflu sDKo'6/ Kofs]hx? ;xefuL ;d"xnfO{ pknAw u/fpg] sfo{df ;xhstf{sf] e"ldsf v]Ng]5 . s[lif tyf k|fs[lts ;|f]t;DalGw sfo{/t j}1flgs ;d"xnfO{ ;f] laifosf k|ljlw ;DalGw cWofjlws hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpg k|oTg ul/g]5 . ljleGg cg';Gwfg / k|;f/stf{x?n] u/]sf] sfo{sf] hfgsf/L Pscfk;df u/fpg tkm{ ljz]if Wofg lbOg]5 .

^=@=(^=@=( /fli6 «o /fli6 «o s[lif cg';Gwfg / ljsf; gLltdf of ]ubfg s[lif cg';Gwfg / ljsf; gLltdf of ]ubfg (Contribution to National Agricultural Research and Development Policy)

/fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u / s[lif tyf ;xsf/L dGqfno;Fusf] ;+nUgtfdf kl/ifb\n] /fli6«o s[lif cg';Gwfg ljsf; gLlt th'{df ug{ >L % sf] ;/sf/nfO{ ;ls|o?kdf ;xof]u k'Øfpg]5 . ;fy}, /fli6«o s[lif cg';Gwfg k4lt cGtu{tsf s[lif cg';Gwfg sfo{qmx?sf] ;dGjogdf ;d]t of]ubfg k'Øfpg]5 . kl/ifb\n] s[lif tyf ;DalGwt k|fs[lts ;|f]t cg';Gwfgdf /fli6«o, If]qLo / cGt/{fli6«o ;DaGwsf] nflu s]Gb|laGb'sf] ?kdf sfd ug]{5 .

^̂ =@=!) k| ljlw ;b'kof ]u / cfo;|f ]tsf ] l;h{gf =@=!) k| ljlw ;b'kof ]u / cfo;|f ]tsf ] l;h{gf (Technology utilization and revenue generation)

kl/ifb\n] s[lif Joj;foLs/0fsf nflu k|ljlw / ;"rgfsf] pkof]u u/fpg] sfo{{sf] k|j4{g ug]{5 . o:t}u/L cfo;|f]tsf] l;h{gfx'g] sfo{x?sf] klg k|j4{g ug]{5 . o;af6 cg';Gwfg ;+rfng ug]{ ;+:yfx?NffO{ cfjZos kg]{ k"+lhsf] cf+lzs c+zdf eP klg cfly{s cfTdlge{/tf cfpg ;Sg]]5 .

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&=&= ;|f ]tsf ] cfjZostf ;|f ]tsf ] cfjZostf (Resource needs) &=!&=! hgzlQm hgzlQm (Human resources) s[lif tyf k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;DalGwt ;a} IfdtfzLn cg';Gwfg;+:yfx?df cfjZos tflnd k|fKt / of]Uo hgzlQm /fli6«o cg';Gwfg k4ltaf6 pknAw u/fpg] gLlt th'{df cfp+bf] !) aif{sf] cjlw leq ul/g]5 . cg';Gwfgsf nflu Go"gtd :gftsf]Q/ :t/ ;Ddsf] nflu klxnf] % jif{df / ljBfjfl/lw pkflw k|fKt hgzlQm pTkfbgsf] lgldQ !) jif{ leq Joj:yf ul/g]5 . o;sf nflu /fli6«o:t/sf] kf7\oqmd / kf7\o ;fdu|Lsf ;fy} pko'Qm ljZjljBfno;Fu ;DaGwg k|fKt ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . ;fy} cfjZos ;|f]tsf] Joj:yf / s[lif lj1fg Pj+ k|ljlw;DalGw /fli6«o ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf; ;d]t ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . t;y{ /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o ljZjljBfno Pj+ cg';Gwfg k|lti7fgx?;Fu ldnL cg';Gwfg / pRr cWoog tyf tflndsf ;fem]bf/L sfo{qmdx?sf] la:tf/ ul/g]5 . kl/ifb\n] ;Dk"0f{ s[lif tyf ;DalGwt k|fs[lts ;|f]t cg';Gwfg k4ltsf nflu hgzlQm lgdf0f{ tkm{ lgDg laifonfO{ ;dfa]z ug]{5 .

• kz'kfng, s[lif-jg lj1fg, afujfgL, dT:okfng, ;fdflhs cy{zf:q, gLltut ljZn]if0f, ;"rgf k|ljlw / cg';Gwfg Joj:yfkg -vf;u/L ;/sf/L If]qdf_ ;+u ;DalGwt sd{rf/Lx? xfn Go"g /x]sf]n] cfjZostfcg'?k kl/k"lt{ ug{sf] nflu cljnDa sfo{ ;'? ug]{,

• k|fljlws / cfw'lgs Joj:yfkg Ifdtf / Joj;flos ljsf;df ;'wf/ ug]{,

• /fli6«o cg';Gwfg k4ltcg'?k kl/ifb\leq / aflx/ /fli6«o cg';Gwfg Ifdtfdf ;'wf/sf nflu sfd ug]{,

• ;fdflhs Pj+ k|fs[lts lj1fgdf ;+nUg g]kfnL j}1flgsx?sf] Joj;flos ;+oGqsf]] nflu ;xof]u ug]{,

• IfdtfzLn cg';Gwfgd"ns;+:yfx?sf] sfo{Ifdtf ljsf;df dbt\ k'-ofpg] /

• pBf]ufTds cg'zf;g lglxt s[lif cg';Gwfgsf] jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug]{ .

&=@&=@ cfly {s ;|f ]t cfly {s ;|f ]t (Financial resources) lj:t[t p2]Zo xfl;n ug{ kl/ifb\ / o;sf] ;lrjfnonfO{ cfjZos cfly{s ;|f]t lbuf]?kdf pknAw x'g' cTofjZos 5 . >L % sf] ;/sf/ / lautsf k/Dk/fut?ksf ;|f]tsf cltl/Qm kl/ifb\n] cg';Gwfgsf] nflu /sd k|fKt ug]{ gofF pkfox?sf] klxrfg ug]{5 . pBf]uhGo afnLx?sf] cg';Gwfgsf nflu ;DalGwt pBf]ux?af6 /sd pknJw x'g;Sg] ;+efjgf /x]sf] 5 . xfn kfOn6 k/LIf0f :j?k ;+rflnt k|lt:kwf{Tds cg';Gwfg cg'bfg of]hgfsf] bfo/fnfO{ a9fP/ o;sf] k"0f{ ;+efjgfnfO{ pkof]u ug{ ;lsG5 . hLljsf]d'vL ;fgf ls;fg / cw{ Jofj;foL ls;fgx?sf nflu cfjZos kg]{ k|ljlw / ;f] ;DalGw ;|f]t pknAw u/fp+g] lhDd]jf/L kl/ifb\sf] ePsf] xF'bf o; p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu oy]i6 cfly{s ;|f]t kl/rfng ug'{ h?/L x'G5 . o;sf/0f >L % sf] ;/sf/af6 cfwf/e"t cg';Gwfgsf nflu dWob]lv bL3{sfnLg?kdf cfwf/ sf]if (core fund) pknAw u/fpg' kg]{x'G5 . kl/ifb\n] o:tf] cfwf/ sf]ifsf] lg/Gt/tf sfod /fVg k|lta4tf xfl;n ug]{tkm{ sfjf{xL ug]{5 . k|lt:kwf{Tds cg';Gwfg sfo{qmdsf l;4fGt cg'?k k|fyldstf k|fKt cg';Gwfgsf laifodf k|ljlw ljsf; ug{ /sd ljlgof]hg ul/g]5 . o;}u/L ;xsfof{Tds -collaborative_ cg';Gwfg /

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k|fl1s ljj]rgfTds cg';Gwfg -dissertation_ sf nflu klg o;} l;4fGtcg'?k /sd pknAw u/fOg] . laBdfg lalgof]hgsf tl/sfsf] Jofks l;+xfjnf]sg u/L gofF /0fgLlts k|:tfj ul/g]5 .

*=*= lgisif { lgisif { (Conclusion) cfufdL @) aif{ -lj= ;+= @)%* b]lv @)&&_ sf] cjlwsf nflu g]kfnsf] s[lif, kz' tyf ;DalGwt k|fs[lts ;|f]t cg';Gwfgsf sfo{qmd Pj+ ls|ofsnfkx?sf] sfof{Gjog x]t' ;fdfGo gLltut lgb]{zg / lbzf lglb{i6 ug{ k|:t't\ cjwf/0ff Pj+ /0fgLlt tof/ ul/Psf] xf] . /fli6«o gLlt / k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/ Pj+ ;dofg's"n kl/jlt{t cfjZostfg'?k o;df kl/dflh{t ;'wf/ ub}{ nUg] ;DalGw Joj:yf ul/g]5 .