Keynote Expert Research Engineer, EDF R&D …...But, in general, G3-PLC traffic patterns are...

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ISPLC 2019, Prague

Keynote

Cédric LAVENU

Expert Research Engineer, EDF R&D

Chairperson of WS1, G3-PLC Alliance

[email protected]

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Agenda

I. A short history of the G3-PLC Alliance and recent updates

II. G3-PLC: a mature technology allowing enhanced operation of the grid

i. Power outage detection

ii. Phase detection

iii. Grid cartography consolidation

iv. Conclusion

III. Perspectives

i. Towards a hybrid RF/PLC communication profile

ii. The co-simulation approach for channel modelling and telco simulation

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Agenda

I. A short history of the G3-PLC Alliance and recent updates

G3-PLC: a mature technology allowing enhanced operation of the grid


ii. Phase detection


iv. Conclusion

Perspectives



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A short history of the G3-PLC Alliance and recent updates

2006/2007

G3-PLC requirements:

- OFDM PHY

- IEEE 802.15.4 MAC

- 6LoWPAN

- IPv6

…

2009

Release of the first version

of the G3-PLC

specifications by Maxim

Integrated and Sagemcom

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2006/2007


- OFDM PHY

- IEEE 802.15.4 MAC

- 6LoWPAN

- IPv6

…

2009


of the G3-PLC



2010

Field tests launched in

the french distribution

grid

2011

Creation of the G3-

PLC Alliance

2014

- High level of convergence between

ITU-T G.9903 and IEEE 1901.2

- Opening of the G3-PLC Alliance

certification program

2012

Publication of the G3-PLC

specifications as ITU-T

recommendation

Crucial to multi-sourcing of G3-PLC products thecerification program of the G3-PLC Alliance’s isbuilt on three fundamentals:

- Conformity assessment

- Interoperability

- Performance

The Alliance issues different types of cetificatesthanks to its collaboration with test houses:

- Two types of certificates : plateform andproduct

- Three programs : CENELEC A, FCC, ARIB,and CENELEC B since 2018


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2006/2007


- OFDM PHY

- IEEE 802.15.4 MAC

- 6LoWPAN

- IPv6

…

2009


of the G3-PLC



2010

Field tests launched in

the french distribution

grid

2011

Creation of the G3-

PLC Alliance

2018

- The Alliance has delivered more than 220 certificates

- Chinese industry becomes active in G3-PLC

- Opening of a new band (CENELEC B) for certification

2014

- High level of convergence between

ITU-T G.9903 and IEEE 1901.2

- Opening of the G3-PLC Alliance

certification program

2012

Publication of the G3-PLC

specifications as ITU-T

recommendation


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Agenda


II. G3-PLC: a mature technology allowing enhanced operation of the grid


ii. Phase detection


iv. Conclusion

Perspectives



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Basic approach for power outage detection:

i. Power outage detection 1/5

Ping sequence during an outage

Statitical analysis to detect the outage

Representation of the outage on the LV grid

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Basic approach for power outage detection:


- Sensitive to PLC communication failure

- The wider the network, the wider the outage, the lower the service…

- High bandwith consumption for sparse events !

G3-PLC offers a smarter approach based on neighbor tables

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The collection of the minimum number of neighbor tables is sought to monitor the power state of the grid.

In the following example, 3 neighbor tables (out of 28) suffice to cover a 28-node network:



DC neighborhood

Mx NeighborhoodMy Neighborhood

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Neighbor_valid_time is refreshed for each neighbor using flooding

(Only useful neighbor table entries are shown)






DC neighborhood


Short_Address Neighbor_Valid_Time

0001 255

0002 255

0101 255

… …


0090 255

0101 255

0130 255

… …

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DC neighborhood



0001 255

0002 255

0101 200

… …


0090 255

0101 200

0130 255

… …

If Neighbor_valid_time is not updated after several floodings and the

information is cross-checked through other tables, something is going wrong

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Phase connection information of customers is useful to:

Balance load in the three-phase public distribution network

Detect phase-neutral inversion

Get fine-grained information about atouges, overvoltages, etc. enables LV grid monitoring

Phase connection information is a need for some AMI programs and part of its business plans

Continuous update of phase connection information during grid maintenance and operations is of great benefit

from an operational perspective

ii. Phase detection 1/7

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How does G3-PLC perform phase detection ?

G3-PLC provides relative phase detection between neighbors

Use of CSMA/CA (unlike some PLC standards using TDMA-like 50/60 Hz-bound medium access)

Use of a « Phase Detection Counter » which value is included in the PHY header of each G3-PLC frame

The PDC field of the received frame updates the « PhaseDifferential » attribute related to the transmitter node in the

neighbor table.


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But, in general, G3-PLC traffic patterns are multi-hop…


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But, in general, G3-PLC traffic patterns are multi-hop…

If a meter and a DC are in the same neighborhood Straighforward using the neighbour table

If a meter and a DC are located in distant neighborhoods Sum of the phase diffferentials along the path

What if results are different along 2 paths (PDC may be altered by MAC retries) ? Need to secure computation


DCG3-PLC paths

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Caracteristics:• Dimension : N x N, for N-1 meters with DC

Content:Collect all neighborhood info regarding phase differential• Line index: Source node• Column index: Destination node• Value: Phase « Δφ »

Correction of inconsistencies:• Suppression of phase values if Δφ IJ + Δφ JI is not 0.

1

2

Source Neighbour PhaseDiff

DC C1 120

DC C2 -120

C1 DC -120

C1 C2 120

C1 C3 0

C2 DC 120

C2 C3 60

C3 C2 120

DC C1 C2 C3

DC 120 -120

C1 -120 120 0

C2 120 60

C3 120

Consolidated neighbor table:

Adjacency matrix:

DC C1 C2 C3

DC 120 -120

C1 -120 120 0

C2 120 60

C3 120

Adjacency matrix after corrections:

1

2

Adjacency matrix building

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K

C1 C2

C3

K

C1 C2

C3

Initialisation

Iteration 1

Iteration 2

Starting graph Shortest path from K to C3

K

C1 C2

C3

Graph after cleaning Shortest path from K to C3

K

C1 C2

C3

Intermediate Result

K C1 C3

Intermediate Result

K C1 C3

K C2 C3

K

C1 C2

C3

Graph after cleaning Shortest path from C2 to C3

K

C1 C2

C3

Final result

K C1 C3

K C2 C3

K C2 C1 C3

Phase detection is then performed for 3 different paths the dominant result is sought

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The algorithm was run on 2840 meters :

Phases correctly computed for 2725 meters: 32,9% for Phase 1, 32% for Phase 2 and 34,1% for Phase 3

115 meters with unknown phase (no dominant result among paths computed)

25 meters (0,9%) with phase-neutral inversion

Lastest (2017) release of G3-PLC spec will help :

PDC are recomputed at each MAC retries

We expect no further need to secure the computation

Meters with a phase correctly computedMeters with

unknown phaseTotal

Network size P1 P2 P3 Inversion P1 Inversion P2 Inversion P3 Total found

<=20 3 13 5 3 3 5 32 2 34

]20,60] 13 10 16 0 0 0 39 1 40

]60,150] 251 227 256 2 2 3 741 79 820

>150 628 624 654 3 2 2 1 913 33 1 946

Total 895 874 931 8 7 10 2 725 115 2 840

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Beauty of PLC : telecom links ≈ electrical links

Use of the telecom topology created by G3-PLC routing to (re)establish the electrical topology

iii. Grid cartography consolidation 1/4

DC

Meter A

Routing

All PLC Links in a real network Paths optimized by G3-PLC using the LOADng protocol

DC

Meter A

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Use of G3-PLC « path discovery »

Procedure run on grids with more than 70% of meters rolled out, stable communication links over 30 days

Graphical representation of the paths over a G3-PLC network


Communications aggregated over 30 days

Link weighting according to the nb of

communications between 2 meters

Day 1 Day 3 Day 5 Day 7 Day 11

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Community detection algorithm


The previous step leads to several telecom

communities represented above

Telecom (PLC) and grid database do not match, who’s right ?

Grid DB match ?

Communities are colored according to the electrical cartography in the

database (1 color = 1 LV feeder)

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Telecom (PLC) and grid database do not match, who’s right ? G3-PLC was right


1 connection to the grid BUT PLC enables to look beyond the current

knowledge of grid cartography (floors 1-8 + floors 9-16)2 meters were uncorrectly referrenced

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Added benefit of G3-PLC technology: the virtuous cycle of G3-PLC for DSOs

Power outage detection

Phase detection

Grid cartography consolidation

Data is the next golden raw material for DSOs:

Gather PLC experts, data scientists and grid experts and make them work together !

iv. Conclusion

Outagedetection

Gridcartography

consolidation

Phase detection

Knowledge of LV defaults

before customer call

Confirmation and location

(substation, feeder)

Which phase ?

LV grid studies to

prevent from further

outages Test &

Learn

G3-PLC

experts

Data

scientists

Grid

knowledge

Added

Value

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Agenda




ii. Phase detection


iv. Conclusion

III. Perspectives



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Perspectives

Unaddressed challenges:

Scattered deployments often reveal some weaknesses of PLC solutions.

Both standalone PLC solutions and standalone RF solutions lack the versatility needed to cover the multiplicity of

challenges encountered in the field.

A solution suitable for most environment : link diversity + interconnection of different smart energy

ecosystems


PMOD PLC modem

with CPX3

PMOD LoRa modem

with Synergy

M4240 MHz

4MB

S7G2

ARM® Cortex®

SK-S7G2 Synergy

Starter Kit with

Advanced

communications and

Integrated HMI

Exploring the concept with G3-PLC and LoRa

The WSPLC 2016 Student Challenge

Klagenfurt team (Austria): « Implementation of a

hybrid LoRa/PLC sensing network »

Umons team (Belgium): « Hybrid communication

architecture for time sensistive smart metering »

ECE Paris team (France): « Connected in-home display

(G3-PLC to the meter, LoRa to a remote price server) »

Telecom Bretagne team (France): « Smart energy

management for electric cars »

A new challenge for the G3-PLC Alliance !

see http://www.wsplc2016.fr/student-challenge/

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Perspectives

Why do we need telco simulation tools ?

Up until now, NB-PLC technologies have been mainly developed according to empirical observations

Systematic need for trials puts a burdon on both solution providers and future G3-PLC adopters

Add determinism when addressing new customer requirements

Develop next generation NB-PLC standards

Value proposition:

- Development of new PLC protocol mechanisms, communication architectures and services,

- Pre-experimentation of new PLC services and communication architectures,

- Troubleshooting (understanding and solving technical problems),

- Existing protocol stack optimization.

ii. The co-simulation approach for channel modelling and telco simulation 1/2

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Perspectives

ii. The co-simulation approach for channel modelling and telco simulation 2/2

General concept

Use of FMI 2.0 co-simulation

Compatible modeling tool for bottom-up

channel representation

Compatible telco modeling tool for PLC

simulation

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Thank you !Cédric LAVENU

Expert Research Engineer, EDF R&D

Chairperson of WS1, G3-PLC Alliance

[email protected]

Keynote Expert Research Engineer, EDF R&D …...But, in general, G3-PLC traffic patterns are...

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