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KEY STAGE 3 National Curriculum HistoryBRITAIN1750-1900INTERACTIVEHow and why did Britain change between 1750 and 1900?

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The Domestic System Wool was sheared from sheep, washed and clean. Men would weave the yarn into cloth using a hand loom.

The West Riding of YorkshireThe South WestEast AngliaThe Domestic System The Three Main Woollen AreasLeedsNorwichTauntonKey Stage 3 History Britain 1750-1900 Interactive

Britains main industry was sheep farming. A clothier [wool tradesman] buys the wool. The wool was taken to the homes of local villagers. Children carded the wool and women would then spin it into a yarn. The cloth would be bleached in sour milk. This was called fulling. After the cloth was dried, it was dyed in different colours.

THE DOMESTIC SYSTEMEveryone had to wear clothes so plenty of cloth was needed. The Domestic System had operated for hundreds of years using small, hand operated machines. However, the amount of cloth produced in the Domestic System was limited. By 1700, there were some challenges to the woollen industry as more cotton fibres arrived from America and the Far East.

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13Factory ConditionsChild LabourMachinery was not always fenced off and workers would be exposed to the moving parts while they worked. Windows were small so there was little ventilation. Factories were very hot in the Summer.Scavengers had to pick up the loose cotton from under the machinery. This was extremely dangerous as the children were expected to carry out the task while the machine was still working.Children were sometimes hit with a strap to make them work faster.Two tired children. They worked very long hours.The overseers job was to make sure workers worked at full pace all the time.The constant noise from the machines damaged hearing.Factory ConditionsMany of the early textile factories employed large numbers of children. This was not surprising as children had always worked in the Domestic System. Some of the factory children were apprentices. These children were often orphans, who were sent to the factories from the large towns. Factory owners built houses for them near the factory. Other children came form the local area.Key Stage 3 History Britain 1750-1900 Interactive

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A Bell Pit MineAn Adit MineCoal seamCoal seamPackhorses to carry coal awayThe Adit Mine was used where the coal seam was near the surface of the ground.A Bell Pit was where a shallow shaft was sunk and then dug around until it resembled a bell in shape.Coal MiningThere had been coalmines in Britain since Roman times but production was small and mainly for domestic use. Miners used two main methods of mining the coal: Bell Pits and Adit Mines. By 1800, the demand for coal increased. Mine owners had to find better ways of extracting more coal.Key Stage 3 History Britain 1750-1900 Interactive26

Parallel drainage ditches.Surface camber allowed water to drain off.Layer of gravel.Broken stones, 8 inch layer.Centreline

John Macadam introduced a cambered watertight surface of broken small stones or gravel rammed hard to prevent disintegration by frost. Macadams roads needed less foundation than Telfords roads and therefore were widely used by Turnpike Trusts.

John Macadam was born in Scotland and is probably the best known of the all the road engineers. His roads made quicker and more comfortable stage-coach journeys possible.Road BuildingJohn MacadamCross-section of a John Macadam road

Key Stage 3 History Britain 1750-1900 Interactive

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