Key Principles of Communication by Madam Marinita Schumacher 2358
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Transcript of Key Principles of Communication by Madam Marinita Schumacher 2358
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Marinita Schumacher
Key Principles of
Effective Communication
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Effective Communication
• is crucial for working successfully with others
• enables to maintain relationships
• accomplishes tasks with both individuals and
groups
• motivates
• helps to overcome obstacles
• creates a relaxed, comfortable, trustful and
psychologically safe feeling
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What is Communication?
• „Communication is a dynamic process that
individuals use to exchange ideas, relate
experiences and share desires through speaking,
writing, gestures or sign language.“
Glenn & Smith, 1998
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Components of Communication
• anthropological component –
• social component –
• signal component –
• process component –
Krallmann/ Ziemann, 2001
communication happens between at least two human beings
participants have certain intensions when
communicating and understanding each other
during communication participants refer to a socially
adapted set of signs in order to transmit a message
there are continuous changes during communication
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One can't not communicate!
• Any kind of behaviour is communication
• Communication is an interactive process of
sending and receiving messages
• Communication can be seen as the link between
the sender’s and receiver’s internal experiences
!
The effectiveness of any
communication depends
on how closely the receiver’s
understanding matches
the sender’s intent
Watzlawick, 1996
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Sender and Receiver
SIGNAL
SENDER RECEIVER
The only message
that matters
is the one the other
person receives
!
Schulz von Thun, 2001
encodes the meaning
in his mind to a signal
deciphers this signal
so that a similar
meaning is stimulated
in his mind
= a recognisable
term, the sum of the
messages in
interpersonal
communication
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Verbal and non-verbal signals
• Verbal signals
– transmit the content
– are the words of the
message
– deal with speech,
intonation, pitch, rhythm,
etc.
• Non-verbal signals
– transmit the relational
dimension
– postures, body
movements, touches,
tone of voice, eye
contact, pauses, rate of
speech and volume
! Each message consists
of verbal and
non-verbal signals
Birkenbihl, 2005
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A simple example from daily life
• Verbal example
„I am amused“
– The sentence is spoken, the sense can be recognised by the different words and letters used
• Non-verbal example
Somebody is laughing
– In this case laughing is body language which can indicate the fact, that the person is amused
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Four sides of a message
SENDER RECEIVER
SIGNAL
Factual information
Relationship
Self-re
vela
tion
SIGNAL
Schulz von Thun, 2001
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• Factual information – explains the fact
• Self-revelation – expresses the sender himself and his feelings
• Relationship – expresses what the sender expects from the receiver
and what kind of relationship (contact) exists between the parties
• Appeal – seeks to have an influence on the other
Explanations of the four sides
Schulz von Thun, 2001
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A simple example from daily life
MOTHER SON
Relationship
“You don„t visit me enough“
Self-re
vela
tion
“I a
m lo
nely
”
Factual information
“Your presence is nice“
“It„s nice
that you are
here again“
Schulz von Thun, 2001
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Few tips towards Active Listening:
Understand your own communication style.
Be an active listener.
Use normal communication.
Give Feedback
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Improving Body Language -
Tips
• Keep appropriate distance
• Touch only when appropriate
• Take care of your appearance
• Be aware - people may give false cues
• Maintain eye contact
• Smile genuinely
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Thank You