Key Points Pre-conventional Moral Reasoning Conventional moral reasoning Post-Conventional Morality.
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Transcript of Key Points Pre-conventional Moral Reasoning Conventional moral reasoning Post-Conventional Morality.
AdolescenceMorality & StagesBy Krystal Pimentel
Key PointsPre-conventional Moral Reasoning
Conventional moral reasoning
Post-Conventional Morality
Pre-conventional Moral Reasoning
Stage 1Obedience or Punishment Orientation
Stage 2Self-Interest Orientation
This is the stage that all young children start at and a few adults remain in.
Rules are seen as being fixed and absolute. Obeying the rules is important because it means avoiding punishment.
"The last time I did that I got spanked so I will not do it again."
As children grow older, they begin to see that other people have their own goals and preferences and that often there is room for negotiation.
Decisions are made based on the principle of "What's in it for me?"
"If I do what mom or dad wants me to do, they will reward me. Therefore I will do it.”
"you scratch my back, and I'll scratch yours."
Pre-conventional Moral Reasoning
Conventional moral reasoning
Stage 3Social Conformity Orientation
Stage 4Law and Order Orientation
By adolescence, most individuals have developed to this stage.
There is a sense of what "good boys" and "nice girls" do and the emphasis is on living up to social expectations and norms because of how they impact day-to-day relationships.
“I want to be liked and thought well of; apparently, not being naughty makes people like me.”
By the time individuals reach adulthood, they usually consider society as a whole when making judgments.
The focus is on maintaining law and order by following the rules, doing one's duty and respecting authority.
Conventional moral reasoning
Post-Conventional Morality
Stage 5Social Contract Orientation
Stage 6Universal Ethics Orientation
At this stage, people understand that there are differing opinions out there on what is right and wrong and that laws are really just a social contract based on majority decision and inevitable compromise.
People at this stage sometimes disobey rules if they find them to be inconsistent with their personal values and will also argue for certain laws to be changed if they are no longer "working".
Our modern democracies are based on this reasoning.
Few people operate at this stage all the time.
It is based on abstract reasoning and the ability to put oneself in other people's shoes.
People have a principled conscience and will follow universal ethical principles regardless of what the official laws and rules are.
Post-Conventional Morality
Lawrence Kohlberg (October 25, 1927 – January 19, 1987) Professor at The University of Chicago &
Harvard UniversityHaving specialized in research on moral
education and reasoning, he is best known for his theory of stages of moral development.
Created a new field within psychology: "moral development".
Kohlberg was found to be the 30th most eminent psychologist of the 20th century.[1]
Erik Erikson (15 June 1902 – 12 May 1994) Known for his theory on social
development of human beings. He may be most famous for
coining the phrase identity crisis. Although Erikson lacked even a
bachelor's degree, he served as a professor of prominent institutions such as Harvard and Yale.
Age VirtuesPsycho Social Crisis
Significant Relationship
Existential Question Examples
infant -18 months Hopes Trust vs.
Mistrust Mother Can I Trust The World?
Feeding, Abandonment
18 month-3 years Will
Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt
Parents Is It Ok To Be Me?
Toilet Training, Clothing Themselves
3-5 years Purpose Initiative vs. Guilt Family
Is It Ok For Me To Do, Move and Act?
Exploring, Using Tools or Making Art
5-13 years Competence Industry vs. Inferiority
Neighbors, School
Can I Make It In The World Of People And Things?
School, Sports
13-21years Fidelity Identity vs. Role Confusion
Peers, Role Model
Who Am I? What Can I Be?
Social Relationships
21-40 years Love Intimacy vs. Isolation
Friends, Partners Can I Love? Romantic
Relationships
41-65 years Care Generativity vs. Stagnation
Household, Workmates
Can I Make My Life Count?
Work, Parenthood
65-and on Wisdom Ego Integrity vs. Despair
Mankind, My Kind
Is It Ok To Have Been Me?
Reflection on Life
Sourceshttp://www.usefulcharts.com/inde
x.htmlThinking About Psychology The
Science of Mid and Behavior (Second Edition)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Kohlberg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erikson%27s_stages_of_psychosocial_development