Key Issue 2: Why Do Religions Have Different Distributions?
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Transcript of Key Issue 2: Why Do Religions Have Different Distributions?
Key Issue 2:Key Issue 2:Why Do Religions Have Why Do Religions Have Different Distributions?Different Distributions?
Origin of Universalizing Origin of Universalizing ReligionsReligions
Each can be traced to a man who lived since the start of recorded history◦Buddhism
- Christianity
- Islam
Origin of ChristianityOrigin of Christianity
Jesus
The four Gospels of the Christian Bible◦Matthew◦Mark◦Luke ◦John
Roman CatholicsRoman Catholics
Accept the teachings of the Bible as well as the authority of the Church hierarchy (the Pope)
7 sacraments: Baptism, Confirmation, Penance, Anointing the Sick, Matrimony, Holy Orders, and the Eucharist)
transubstantiation
Eastern OrthodoxyEastern Orthodoxy
Split from the Roman Catholic ChurchPatriarch of ConstantinopleAccept the 7 Sacraments, but reject
doctrines added by the Roman Catholics after the 8th Century
St. Basil’s Cathedral, Moscow
Capernaum
ProtestantismProtestantism
The ReformationMartin Luther’s 95 ThesesIndividuals directly communicate with
God…don’t have to go through a priest/Pope
Origin of IslamOrigin of Islam
Origin: similar narrative to Judaism and Christianity; Adam – Abraham
Hagar and Ishmael◦Second wife and son◦Banished◦Makkah/Mecca
MuhammadMuhammad
Born about A.D. 570The visionsArabic and the QuranThe HijraSunni and Shiite
Muslims
Origin of BuddhismOrigin of Buddhism
Siddhartha Gautama◦Born a prince in 563 B.C. in present day Nepal◦The Buddha,
“the Enlightened One”◦Spread the message in India
Origin of HinduismOrigin of Hinduism
No specific founderExisted prior to recorded historyInvasion of the Aryan tribes from Central
Asia into India (1400 B.C.)◦Religion mixed with the Dravidians (who
already lived there)◦This became Hinduism
Diffusion of Religions
Diffusion of ChristianityDiffusion of Christianity
Christianity diffused through all forms of diffusion:
1. Relocation Diffusion2. Contagious Diffusion3. Hierarchical in the 4th Century4. Since the year 1500, missionary activity by
Europeans extended Christianity to other regions of the world
Diffusion of IslamDiffusion of Islam
Hierarchical diffusion: Muslim armiesRelocation: missionaries to sub-Saharan
Africa and Southeast Asia
Lack of Diffusion of Ethnic Lack of Diffusion of Ethnic ReligionsReligions
Most have limited diffusionThey lack missionaries to go out and try to
convertMingling of Ethnic and Universalizing
Religions:◦Africa: in some places Christianity is mixed
with the traditional religion◦Japan: Buddhism is mixed with Shintoism
Judaism: An ExceptionJudaism: An Exception
Judaism is practiced in many countriesDiasporaGhettosFollowing the Holocaust
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Holy PlacesHoly Places
Ethnic Religion’s holy places derive from the distinctive physical environment of their hearths
Universalizing Religions endow with holiness cities and places associated with their founders’ lives.
Buddhist ShrinesBuddhist Shrines
Eight locations of important events in Buddha’s life◦Example: Bodh Gaya, where he reached
enlightenment
Holy Places in IslamHoly Places in Islam
Holiest places: cities associated with Muhammad
1. Makkah: - the Ka’ba- The Hajj
2. Medina
Holy Places in SikhismHoly Places in Sikhism
The Darbar Sahib, or Golden Temple
Holy Places in HinduismHoly Places in Hinduism
Closely tied to the physical geography in India
Natural features rank as holy: river banks or coastlines
A tirthaThe Ganges
Cosmogony in Ethnic ReligionsCosmogony in Ethnic Religions
Cosmogony: a set of religious beliefs concerning the origin of the universe
Yin (earth, darkness, female, etc.)Yang (heaven, light, male, etc.)
The Calendar in Ethnic The Calendar in Ethnic ReligionsReligions
A prominent feature is the celebration of the seasons
The Jewish Calendar ◦agricultural◦Lunar calendar
The Solstice ◦Pagan religions◦Stonehenge
The Calendar in Universalizing The Calendar in Universalizing ReligionsReligions
Holidays: commemorate events in the founder’s life
Climate and agricultural cycle are not central to the liturgy and rituals
So………
Why do different religions have different distributions?