Key findings of the Water Supply, Sanitation, and Hygiene ...
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People living in extreme poverty are the most underserved group in terms of access to adequate water and sanitation Noon poor Poor Extreme poor B40 Noon poor Poor Extreme poor B40 Indigenous Non- ind. Indigenous Non- ind. Recent increase in poverty makes Guatemala the 2nd poorest country in LAC: only post-earthquake Haiti is poorer. In terms of the share of the country’s poor, poverty remains concentrated among indigenous groups. Two-thirds of all extremely poor households have an indigenous head of household. The decentralization strategy failed to assign the responsibility for the construction of WASH systems, and today the central, departmental, and municipal governments share this responsibility. Guatemala does not have a national institution responsible for ensuring quality in the design, construction, and supervision of WASH systems. The difficulties or bottlenecks for provision of WASH services fall into three categories Accountability there is no political culture of accountability of government results (for either the central or municipal governments) including their responsibilities in the WASH sector Intergovernmental agreements Politically. The inexistence of a national-level regulator leads to fragmentation of the services with 340 municipal regulators Administratively, . There is lack of connection of levels and actors. Municipal, private, and social operators do not have the minimum direction and technical assistance, which puts users in an even more vulnerable position Access to Water and Sanitation Poverty – WASH nexus Less than one in five people among the poor has access to improved sanitation Key findings of the Water Supply, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Poverty Diagnostic Guatemala Monitoring systems do exist but sometimes do not include rural areas. The country needs to control the quality of water being provided to the consumer. Due to lack of knowledge and information; water quality in rural areas has been neglected. Capacity: * insufficient capacity of the departmental governments limits coordination between the central government and the municipalities *financing bottlenecks: the criteria established for validation of WASH investment projects are difficult to comply; the criteria used to allocate investment resources do not favor the poorest localities. *constraints to obtain relevant information sector's on performance and the evaluation according to formal standards Poverty 60% of the population was living in poverty in 2014 and more than half of these in extreme poverty Poverty Headcount Rate, Guatemala and peers, 2014 National drinking water coverage National sanitation coverage HA GU HO ES CO ME BO EC PE PA PM BR AR CR CH UR 89% 60% Almost 80% of the indigenous population lived in poverty in 2014, and half of these were extremely poor Share of poor by indigenous/ non indigenous, 2014 Overall poor Extreme poor Other Ind. Mam Kaqchlquel Q’eqchl’ K’lche’ Non-indigenous Other unimproved Surface water Other improved Piped into dwelling Guatemala LAC OECD Highly satisfactory Fairly satisfactory Unsatisfactory Open defecation Unimproved sanitation Improved sanitation 2000 2014 48 16 13 9 8 7 34 19 22 9 8 9 91% of the population has access to improved drinking water 53% of the population has access to improved sanitation facility Sanitation coverage Drinking water coverage 2000 2006 2014 2006 2014 2006 2014 2000 2006 2014 Urban vs rural drinking water coverage Urban vs rural sanitation coverage Sanitation coverage (%) By poverty status By ethnicity Drinking water coverage (%) By poverty status By ethnicity U R U R U R U R Sanitation coverage is particularly low in rural areas Access to water has changed very little in Guatemala since 2000 59% 31% 31% 28% 27% 26% 21% 20% 20% 20% 12% 11% 7% 7% 68 80 17 35 4 19 10 27 21 31 45 51 94 96 82 88 76 85 80 86 83 88 91 93 Guatemala faces significant challenges with the quality of its institutions World Governance Indicators, 2014 MAPAS Scorecard Guatemala, 2016 Government effectivness Control of corruption Political stability and absence of violence/terrorism Regulatory Quality Rule of law Voice and accountability 24 28 24 48 14 35 The index for municipal public services for 2013 shows the performance of 76 percent of municipalities (223 of 340) was either medium-low or low in terms of the provision of public services Policies Plans Budget Execution Equity Results Users Expansion Operation & maintenance Rural Urban Rural Urban Water Sanitation The current model of governance, regulation and management of WASH services is dysfunctional and replete with gaps duplication in the roles and responsibilities assigned to different levels of government The provision WASH services is decentralized and their provision is the responsibility of each of the 340 municipalities. Recomendations Special attention to WASH service quality The Guatemalan Municipal Code specifies two types of consultations at the municipal level. The first establishes that consultations may be carried out through open municipal assemblies organized by the Municipal council where citizens may have a voice but not vote on the matter at hand. The second provides for conducting a municipal consultation process if two thirds of the Municipal Council considers that the matter is of concern to all neighbors. Closing social gaps and empowering local communities The government can design regional development strategies to better identify WASH infrastructure investments. : a water project with ICT solutions to reduce water leakages; infrastructure works involving drainage pipes, terracing and retrofitting of bridges, which are combined with land-use planning and disaster risk preparedness. Responding to spatial and geographic WASH challenges Due to the low political representation in the government and the absence of policies for securing safe water for all with an emphasis on rural. In Guatemala, rural water and sanitation is a relatively low priority for the government that prefers to invest in large-scale projects for urban populations that can pay for higher levels of service Advancing governance in the WASH sector Challenges in delivering services Accountability Capacity Intergovernmental arrangements
Transcript of Key findings of the Water Supply, Sanitation, and Hygiene ...
Petén
IzabalQuiché
Alta VerapazHuehuetenango
ZacapaSan MarcosBaja Verapaz
El Progreso
Quezaltenango
Totonicapán
People living in extreme poverty are the most
underserved groupin terms of accessto adequate water
and sanitation
Noonpoor
Poor Extremepoor
B40
Noonpoor
Poor Extremepoor
B40
Indigenous Non-ind.
Indigenous Non-ind.
Recent increase in poverty makes Guatemala the 2nd poorest country in LAC: only post-earthquake Haiti is poorer.
In terms of the share of the country’s poor, poverty remains concentrated among indigenous groups. Two-thirds of all extremely poor households have an indigenous head of household.
The decentralization strategy failed to assign the responsibility for the construction of WASH systems, and today the central, departmental, and municipal governments share this responsibility.
Guatemala does not have a national institution responsible for ensuring quality in the design, construction, and supervision of WASH systems.
The difficulties or bottlenecks for provision of WASH services fall into
three categories
Accountabilitythere is no political culture of accountability of
government results (for either the central or municipal governments) including their
responsibilities in the WASH sector
Intergovernmental agreementsPolitically. The inexistence of a national-level
regulator leads to fragmentation of the services with 340 municipal regulators
Administratively, . There is lack of connection of levels and actors. Municipal, private, and
social operators do not have the minimum direction and technical assistance, which puts users in an even
more vulnerable position
Access to Water and Sanitation Poverty – WASH nexus
Less than one in five people among the poor has access to improved sanitation
Key findings of the Water Supply, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Poverty Diagnostic Guatemala
Monitoring systems do exist but sometimes do not include rural areas. The country needs to control the
quality of water being provided to the consumer.Due to lack of knowledge and information; water
quality in rural areas has been neglected.
Capacity: * insufficient capacity of the departmental
governments limits coordination between the central government and the municipalities
*financing bottlenecks: the criteria established for validation of WASH investment projects are difficult to comply; the criteria used to allocate investment resources do not favor the poorest localities.
*constraints to obtain relevant information sector's on performance and the evaluation according to formal standards
Poverty
60% of the populationwas living in povertyin 2014 and more than halfof these in extreme poverty
Poverty Headcount Rate,Guatemala and peers, 2014
National drinkingwater coverage
National sanitationcoverage
HA GU HO ES CO ME
BO EC PE PA PM BR AR CR CH UR
89%
60%
Almost 80% of the indigenous populationlived in poverty in 2014, and half of thesewere extremely poor
Share of poorby indigenous/non indigenous,2014
Overall poor Extreme poor
Other Ind.MamKaqchlquelQ’eqchl’K’lche’Non-indigenous
Other unimprovedSurface waterOther improvedPiped into dwelling
Guatemala LAC OECD
Highly satisfactory Fairly satisfactory Unsatisfactory
Open defecationUnimproved sanitationImproved sanitation
2000 2014
48
1613987
34
19
22
989
91% of the population has access to improved
drinking water
53% of the population has access to improved
sanitation facility
Sanitationcoverage
Drinking watercoverage
2000 2006 2014
2006 2014 2006 2014
2000 2006 2014
Urban vs ruraldrinking water coverage
Urban vs ruralsanitation coverage
Sanitation coverage (%)By poverty status By ethnicity
Drinking water coverage (%)By poverty status By ethnicity
U R U R U R U R
Sanitation coverageis particularly low in rural areas
Access to water has changed very little in Guatemala since 2000
59%
31%
31%
28%
27%
26%
21%
20%
20%
20%
12%
11%
7% 7%
6880
1735
419
1027 21
3145 51
94 9682 88
7685 80 86 83 88 91 93
Guatemala faces significantchallenges with the qualityof its institutions
World Governance Indicators, 2014
MAPAS Scorecard Guatemala, 2016
Governmenteffectivness
Control ofcorruption
Political stabilityand absence of
violence/terrorism
RegulatoryQuality
Ruleof law
Voice andaccountability
24 2824 4814 35
The index for municipal public services for 2013 shows the
performance of 76 percent of municipalities (223 of 340)
was either medium-low or low in terms of the provision
of public services
Policies Plans Budget Execution Equity Results UsersExpansionOperation &maintenance
RuralUrbanRuralUrban
Water Sanitation
The current model of governance, regulation and management of WASH
services is dysfunctional and replete with gaps duplication in the roles and
responsibilities assigned to differentlevels of government
The provision WASH services is decentralized and their provision is the responsibility of each of the
340 municipalities.
RecomendationsSpecial attention
to WASH service quality
The Guatemalan Municipal Code specifies two types of consultations at the municipal level.
The first establishes that consultations may be carried out through open municipal assemblies organized by the
Municipal council where citizens may have a voice but not vote on the matter at hand.
The second provides for conducting a municipal consultation process if two thirds of the Municipal
Council considers that the matter is of concern to all neighbors.
Closing social gapsand empowering local communities
The government can design regional development strategies to better identify WASH infrastructure investments. : a water project with ICT solutions to reduce water leakages; infrastructure works involving drainage pipes, terracing and retrofitting of bridges, which are combined with land-use planning and disaster risk preparedness.
Responding to spatialand geographic WASH challenges
Due to the low political representation in the government and the absence of policies for securing safe water for all with an emphasis on rural.
In Guatemala, rural water and sanitation is a relatively low priority for the government that prefers to invest in large-scale projects for urban populations that can pay for higher levels of service
Advancing governancein the WASH sector
Challenges in delivering services
Accountability Capacity
Intergovernmentalarrangements
