Key aspects of non-tariff measures and economic development€¦ · 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015...
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1 Key aspects of non-tariff measures and economic development Short courses for Permanent Missions in Geneva Organised by the Division on Technology and Logistics Friday, 17 March 2017 Delivered by the Division on International Trade in Goods and Services, and Commodities Trade analysis Branch
Transcript of Key aspects of non-tariff measures and economic development€¦ · 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015...
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Key aspects of non-tariff measures and
economic development
Short courses for Permanent Missions in Geneva
Organised by the Division on Technology and Logistics
Friday, 17 March 2017
Delivered by the
Division on International Trade in Goods and Services, and Commodities Trade analysis Branch
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NTMs (supported by Regulation /Law)
•Sanitary and phyto-sanitary conditions
•Technical barriers to trade
•Quotas
•Embargo
•Import licenses
•Import deposits
•Export subsidies/restrictions
•Fixation of a minimum import price
• Rules of Origin
•Subsidies (affecting trade)
•Public Procurement
…
No NTMs (no law)
•Misaligned exchange rate
•Inadequate trade infrastructure
•Private Standards
Grey areas
•Intellectual property laws
•Lengthy entry procedures
•Procedural obstacles
•Labor standards/law
•Occupational safety and health
regulation
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Ta
riff
(%
)
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Nu
mb
er
of M
ea
sure
s in
Fo
rce
1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Non-Tariff Measures Applied Tariff MFN Tariff
Tariffs have gone down, non-tariff measures not so
Figure 5: Contrasting Trade Policies
Source: UNCTAD calculations based on UNCTAD TRAINS and WTO I-TIP data
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0 20 40 60Percent
Other
Export
Finance
Quantity Control
Price Control
TBT
SPS
NTMs in World Trade
Frequency Index Coverage Ratio
Source: UNCTAD calculations based on UNCTAD TRAINS I-TIP data
0
.2
.4
.6
.8
Fre
qu
en
cy I
nd
ex
6 7 8 9 10 11log GDP per capita
Technical NTM Fitted Line
Non-Technical NTM Fitted Line
Technical and Non-TechnicalNTM vs GDP per Capita
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0 20 40 60 80 100Percent
Office MachineriesPaper Prod, Publishing
Comunication Equip.Metal Products
Non-Metallic MineralWood Prod, Furnitures
Basic MetalsTransport Equipment
Oil, Gas, CoalMachinery Various
Tobacco, BeveragesElectrical Machinery
Precision InstrumentsRubber/Plastics
Mining and Metal OresAnimal Products
TanningTextiles
Oils and FatsChemicals
Vegetable ProductsPetroleum Products
Food ProductsMotor Vehicles
Apparel
Technical Barriers to Trade
Frequency Index Coverage Ratio
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0
500
1,000
1,500
Ca
ses
with
Me
asu
res
in E
ffe
ct
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Trade Defence Measures
Initiated by Developing Countries
Initiated by Developed Countries
Source: UNCTAD calculations based on WTO I-TIP database
0 100 200 300 400 500Cases with Measures in Effect
Office MachineryApparel
Comunication Equip.Tanning
Tobacco, BeveragesOils and Fats
Animal ProductsPetroleum Products
Transport EquipmentMotor Vehicles
Precision InstrumentsVegetable Products
Food ProductsWood Prod. Furniture
Electrical MachineryPaper Prod, Publishing
Machinery VariousTextiles
Non-Metallic MineralMetal Products
Rubber/PlasticsBasic Metals
Chemicals
Trade Defence Measuresby Sector
North-North North-South
South-North South-South
Source: UNCTAD calculations based on WTO I-TIP database
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
Total Ag. Mfg. Total Ag. Mfg. Total Ag. Mfg.
High income Middle income Low income
MA
-OT
RI
Tariff Non-Tariff
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0 2 4 6 8 10Billion US$
Wood Prod. Furniture
Energy products
Animal Products
Other, agricultural
Mining and Metal Ores
Metals
Other, nonagricultural
Vegetable Products
Textiles
Apparel
Facilitating compliance with NTMs and lower tariff would help
Chart 3: Market Access still Matters
NTMs Tariffs
Source: UNCTAD Policy Series Study #75: G20 Policies and LDCs Export Performance
0 20 40 60 80Percent
Wood Prod. Furniture
Vegetable Products
Textiles
Other, non-agricultural
Other, agricultural
Mining and Metal Ores
Energy Products
Basic Metals
Apparel
Animal Products
Market access is both about tariffs and compliance with NTMs
Chart 2: G20 Policies on LDCs Exports
Exports subject to NTMs Tariffs (trade weighed)
Source: UNCTAD calculations based on UNCTAD TRAINS I-TIP data
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Live Animal
Meats
Fish
Dairy Products
Other Animal Products
Live Plants
Vegetables
Fruits
Coffee/Tea/Spices
Cereals
Milling Products
Oil Seeds
Gums/Resins
Fats/Oils
Prepared Animal Products
Sugar
Cocoa
Prepared Cereals
Prepared Vegetables
Other Prepared Food
Beverages
Billion US$ Exports to the EU Export Loss
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Thank you
