Kevin Kraus, Saint Francis University Environmental Engineering Department, “Trompe Aeration”
-
Upload
michael-hewitt-gisp -
Category
Government & Nonprofit
-
view
525 -
download
0
Transcript of Kevin Kraus, Saint Francis University Environmental Engineering Department, “Trompe Aeration”
Trompe: Design and Analysis of a Passive Aeration Mechanism
TROMPES “R” USBy: Michael Fox, Kevin Kraus, Nicholas Pyo
Outline
Background Approach Taken Summary of Results Sustainability Assessment Cost Assessment Guidance
History
Originated in the Catalan Forge, Spain
Used in Ragged Chute mine in North Bay, Canada
New Revival: Treatment of AMD BioMost, Inc.
What is a Trompe?
Energy Balance
( 𝑣122𝑔 +𝑃1
𝛾 +h1=𝑣22
2𝑔 +𝑃 2
𝛾 +h2)Kinetic Energy
Potential Energy
Elevation Head
Outline
BackgroundApproach Taken Summary of Results Sustainability Assessment Cost Assessment Guidance
Approach TakenProblem Statement: Investigate the problems with configurations and efficiency of trompe Limited information and knowledge of trompeObjectives: Better understanding of trompe Breaking down each component Disseminate the information as guidance Lab, Field and Computer Model
Design Criteria and ConstraintsCriteria and Constraints: Design criteria – Hydraulics
Steady Flow Design constraints
Material – PVC Water Flow:
Lab: 0 – 45 GPM Field: 0 – 3000 GPM
Lab Experiment
Independent Variables: Design of the aspirator Length and diameter of air
containment chamber Height of outflow Flow rate of water
Dependent Variables: Air production
Lab Experiment Aspirator Designs
Figure 2: One-inch trompe aspirator design.
Figure 3: Two-inch trompe aspirator design.
BioMost Field Aspirator Design
Field Monitoring-Rock Tunnel
Field Monitoring
B C D
A E
Computer Model
Developed from Energy Equation
Takes inputs (Right) Outputs graph (shown later)
( 𝑣122𝑔+𝑃1
𝛾 +h1=𝑣22
2𝑔+𝑃 2
𝛾 +h2)
Outline
Background Approach TakenSummary of Results Sustainability Assessment Cost Assessment Guidance
Air Production vs Water Flow Rate
0 50
1100 1300 1500 1700 1900
00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9
1
024681012
One-inch Lab-Scale Two-inch Lab-Scale Field-Scale
Water Flow Rate (GPM)
Air F
low
Rate
in to
Tro
mpe
(c
fm)
Air Production Efficiency
0.0 1.0
5 15 25 35 45
0.0
1.0
51015
One-Inch Trompe Two-Inch Trompe Efficiency LineField-Scale Efficiency Line 2
Air Flow Rate In (cfm)
Air F
low
Rate
Out
(cfm
)
Aspirator Model Setup
Height of Water in Reservoir
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
-5-3-113579
P in Venturi (psi) P before Venturi (psi) P after Venturi (psi) Head H2O z_5 (ft)
Flow Rate of Water (gpm)
Head
(ft)
Pressure Before Aspirator
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
-5-3-113579
P in Venturi (psi) P before Venturi (psi) P after Venturi (psi) Head H2O z_5 (ft)
Flow Rate of Water (gpm)
Head
(ft)
Pressure In Aspirator
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
-5-3-113579
P in Venturi (psi) P before Venturi (psi) P after Venturi (psi) Head H2O z_5 (ft)
Flow Rate of Water (gpm)
Head
(ft)
Pressure After Aspirator
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
-5-3-113579
P in Venturi (psi) P before Venturi (psi) P after Venturi (psi) Head H2O z_5 (ft)
Flow Rate of Water (gpm)
Head
(ft)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
-5
-3
-1
1
3
5
7
9
P in Venturi P before Venturi P after Venturi Head H2O
Flow Rate of Water (gpm)
Head
(ft)
One Inch Trompe
Critical Range
20 40
-5-3-113579
111315
P in Venturi P before Venturi P after Venturi Head H2O
Flow Rate of Water (gpm)
Head
(ft)
Two Inch Trompe
Critical Range
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
-15
-5
5
15
25
35
45
P in Venturi P before Venturi P after Venturi Head H2O
Flow Rate of Water (gpm)
Head
(ft)
Rock Tunnel - Ten inch Trompe
Critical Range
Sensitivity Analysis
*With k_expansion > 1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70-20
020406080
100120
Head H2O P_head_in_asp P_head_before_asp
Flow Rate of Water (GPM)
Head
(ft)
Sensitivity Analysis-Criteria
*With k_expansion < 1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Head H2O P_head_in_asp P_head_before_aspFlow Rate of Water (GPM)
Head
(ft)
Energy Efficiency
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 4500.20.40.60.8
11.21.41.61.8
2f(x) = 0.034332534312982 x + 0.380774140202798
Energy Efficiency of 2" Trompe
Water Flowrate (GPM)
% E
fficie
ncy
010
020
030
040
050
060
070
080
00
4
8
12
16
20
Energy Efficiency of Each Field Trompe
Low
Medium
High
Water Flowrate (GPM)
% E
fficie
ncy
Outline
Background Approach Taken Summary of ResultsSustainability Assessment Cost Assessment Guidance
Air Compressor: 7.5 HP | 30 CFM Operates on 6.93 kWh Operate Compressor:
1 year 61,000 kWh
Sustainability AssessmentCarbon Emissions: Assume the burning of coal 2.10 lbs CO2 per kWh Emissions into Atmosphere:
1 year 130,000 lbs of CO2
Average Household: 15,000 lbs of CO2 per
year
That is the equivalent Emissions of 9 Houses!
That is the equivalent weight of 21.5 elephants!
Outline
Background Approach Taken Summary of Results Sustainability AssessmentCost Assessment Guidance
Cost Assessment10 Year Analysis: Average Cost of Electricity is
$0.12/kWh Air Compressor:
Cost of Structure and Install – $23,000
Cost of Operation – $73,000
Present Worth: $96,000 Trompe:
Cost of Install - $46,000 Cost of Operation - $0
Present Worth: $46,000
Trompe:$50,000 Savings!
Outline
Background Approach Taken Summary of Results Sustainability Assessment Cost AssessmentGuidance
Guidance
Key Design Elements: Critical Range
Dependent on Water Flowrate Aspirator Design
25-50% Area Reduction Air-Separation Chamber
Varying Length Following Recommendations:
Improved System Efficiency
Conclusion
Trompes needed for Passive Treatment
Lab experiments Field monitoring Calibrate computer model Design guidance and
recommendations Disseminate Information
Acknowledgements
BioMost, Inc. Kevin Tomkowski Joel Bandstra, PhD Douglas Daley, PE Kelsea Palmer Bruce Leavitt
Questions?Thank you!