Kenya Land Use Planning and the Need for GIS in County Spatial Planning - Mathenge Mwehe

Land Management Systems

and the Need for GIS in Kenya

Presented by:

Mathenge Mwehe

Lecturer and Researcher

Presented at;

International Center for Land Policy

Studies and Training (ICLPST)

574 Chungshan Road, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China

The Seminar on GIS and Land ManagementMarch 19 – April 1, 2014 | Taipei, TaiwanThe 321ST Commissioned Training by MOFA

4/30/2014Mathenge Mwehe

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Mathenge M. (Lecturer and Researcher)Department of Urban Management,

Maseno University, Kenya.

Email: [email protected]

Tel: (+254) 724 302 883

Acknowledgement

Prof Jeremy Shen, Director, Information Center, Ministry of Interior;Vice Chair, Societal Impact Committee – IGS, GSDI Association for nominating me to participate in this seminar

Republic of China, (Taiwan), Ministry of Interior, for sponsoring me to fly all the way from Kenya to attend this seminar in Taiwan

My heartfelt gratitude to;

mailto:[email protected]

Presentation Outline

1. PART 1: Understanding Spatial Planning

2. PART II: Understanding Kenya Land use spatial Scenarios

3. PART III: Existing GIS & Land Management Frameworks

4. PART IV Way forward for GIS use in Land management


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PART I

Understanding Spatial Planning

4/10/2012

I will start my presentation with this basic principle;

• That nowadays, land has become a finite resource…!

It is our common shared space anda factor of production.

• But, Land is a very scarce resource.

• There is need to decide how to use it – hence the need for developing a spatial plan.

Land as a finite resource

What is spatial planning?

Spatial planning can be defined as “coherent and integrated intervention in the allocation of limited land areas for various uses….. taking into account the needs for socio‐economic development and environmental protection.

Spatial planning goes beyond traditional land use planning to bring together and integrate policies for the development and use of land with other policies and programmes which influence the nature of places and how they function.

Existing planning

• Has been more of theoretical kind of planning- desktop reviews and experts’ consultation.

• Rarely has the development plans dictated by situation on the real geographic locations (situation on the ground).

• In these plans, Spatial thinking is more so linked to planners/experts perception and view of how things look like on the ground.

• There is therefore need for developing spatially dictated/aligned plans at the counties (county spatial plan).

Need for Spatial Thinking

•How can we think and plan spatially without knowing geo-location & geo-spatial distribution of country’s natural Resources, capital resources, Human habitation and spatial distribution of human activities?

Why spatial planning

•Population continues to grow at alarming levels in our country.

•This is causing ever increasing pressure on finite land resources.

•Therefore we need to rethink on best strategies to plan, allocate and reallocate these finite land resources.

We need to think spatially


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PART II

Understanding Kenya Spatial Scenarios

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nphe6O8TXy8

Geographical Location of Kenya


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Kenya total land mass

582,646 km2 (16 times size of Taiwan)

Total population of 43 Million

76% live in Rural areas and 24%

in urban

46% of population live below poverty line.

Life expectancy 60 years

Somalia

Ethiopia

Tanzania

Ugan

da

Indian ocean


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Overview of land categorization in Kenya

Satellite image of Kenya

80% of land mass isArid and Semi Arid

land.

Only 20% is classifiedas productive land


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The Agro-climatic zones of Kenya

Kenya’s Land scenario in Arid & Semi Lands

Temperature map


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Kenya’s Land use scenario in productive Lands

Mombasa

Nairobi

Nakuru

Thika/ NyeriKisumu

Kakamega

Kisii/Homabay

Urbanization & land Fragmentation

Temperature mapMathenge Mwehe

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Spatial distribution of Population in Kenya

Population concentrated within the arable land of the country


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3D Population Map


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Shortcomings of existing land Management System

Map of land Conflictprone areas in Kenya

Loss of ecological biodiversity


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Short coming of existing land management system

The Kenya safari

Rural Poverty & scarcity of land-High rise apartments in villagesFloating dingy town e.g. Migingo

Slum city

Short coming of existing land management system

Urbanization of poverty

Results of existing planning system

Land fragmentation dilemma for the current and future generation

Kenya has a mean household sizeof 5.1 persons

Which way forward > Land Consolidation? land Readjustment? or land banking?

What size will his future land inheritance be?

1975 1977 1992 2012 2022

2 acres 1 acre

Family -1 kid Family expands to 6 children

12 children

1/21/2

½ ÷ 6=0.006

Father –2 wives

All marry

1st wife

2ndwife

1 acre

2 yrs

22 children

15 yrs 20 yrs 10 yrs

Results of existing planning systemA case example of central Kenya

0.006 ÷ 22=

½ / 6 = 0.08


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Mathenge Mwehe [email protected]

PART II

Existing GIS Application and land management frameworks in Kenya


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• Community Land Board (CLB)

Community Land

• National Land Commission

• County Land Management board

Public land

• Managed by Individual or groupsPrivate land

Whose manages land in Kenya?

Freehold Leasehold Customary

Laws and policies used in land management


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1. Land Act2. National Land Commission 3. Constitution of Kenya 20104. National Land Policy5. County Government Act6. Physical Planning Act7. Land Control Act8. Forest Act

e.t.c

Need to harmonize various Laws and policies used in land management


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MINISTRY OF LANDS, HOUSING AND URBAN

DEVELOPMENT

Dept of surveying

and Mapping

DIRECTORATE OF LAND MANAGEMENT

DIRECTORATE OF PHYSICAL PLANNING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT

Dept of Land

Administration

Dept of Land

Registration

Land Sector reform

unit

Dept of urban

development

Dept of Physical Planning

Dept of land use

regulation

Land Management frameworks in Kenya

Kenya’s Land Registry System


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The standard News paper: Thursday, February 20, 2014

Massive Land Records, of over 100 years old.

Land registry records in the country is reliance on manual records since 1903

Heaps of tattered, dilapidated files of land registry records

No GIS Application in Land Records Management


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Shortage of Resources both Human & Equipment.

Use of Outdated Procedures and Practices

The Ministry of Land has no GIS based Land Information Systems

Pile of Manual land registry records

Current Initiative by the Ministry

• Project underway to Develop Kenya Land Information Management System (KLIMS).

• The NLIMS is being developed through computerization of land registries.

• Developing a model GIS-Based Cadastral Information System


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PART III

Devolving Spatial Planning in Kenya

The new constitutional dispensation of 2010 in Kenya has devolved Spatial Planning and recommends the use

of GIS tools in Counties Land Management


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Devolving Spatial Planning in Kenya

• Parliament at the national government sets the general policies and the overall policy framework, but land-use planning is a devolved responsibility.

• Overall responsibility of county spatial planning lies with the relevant devolved county Government Departments.

Land-use planning at National and county Government

county

countycounty

county

Devolution and Spatial Planning

County government Act stipulates that;

• There shall be a ten year county GIS based database system spatial plan for each county……providing;

– A spatial depiction of the social and economic development program of the county .

– Clear statements of how the spatial plan is linked to the regional, national and other county plans..

county

county

Central government

county

105. Planning in the county

• Ensuring the establishment of a GIS based database system.

108. County integrated development plan

Refer to maps, statistics and other appropriate documents that are not attached but held in a GIS based database system:

110. County spatial plans

(1) There shall be a ten year county GIS based database system spatial plan for each county.

In the Laws of Kenya, County Governments Act. No. 17 of 2012.

The County Government Act underscores the importance of GIS in County Governments, as stated below;

The New constitution and GIS in Land Management


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GIS Application in County spatial planning

The opportunity – Devolved Land Management functions

> 47 devolved governments> 47 spatial plans> 47 GIS Land cadastral database and Information systems

> 1 central government> 1 National spatial plan> 1 GIS land database> 1 Land Information system

Year 2010 and beyondBefore Year 2010

Nat

ion

al g

ove

rnm

en

t

Co

un

ty g

ove

rnm

en

ts

Setting up of

Setting GIS databases for the 47 County governments

• There shall be a ten year county GIS based database system spatial plan for each county…

County government Act sets forth a County Planning Unit which shall be responsible for;

• Ensuring the collection, collation, storage and updating of data and information suitable for the planning process; and

• Ensuring the establishment of a GIS based database system


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County government Act sets forth a County Planning Unit which shall be responsible for;

• Coordinating integrated development planning within the county;

• Ensuring linkages between county plans and the national planning framework;

• Ensuring meaningful engagement of citizens in the planning process;

• Ensuring the collection, collation, storage and updating of data and information suitable for the planning process; and

• Ensuring the establishment of a GIS based database system

County Planning Units

County spatial plans

The county Spatial plan will foster;

•Better spread of job opportunities.•Better places to live in.•Better quality of life for people.•Strong, competitive economic position•Environment of the highest quality.

What the county spatial plan must address

•Spatiality: -Spatial planning has to make sense.

•Governance: -Spatial planning has to work

•Implementation: -Spatial planning has to make a difference

•Conservation: -Spatial plan must conserve biological diversity




PART III

The way Forward for GIS Application

Road Towards National Spatial Data Infrastructurein Kenya


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Year 2001 First workshop on building National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) held.

Year 2002 Second Kenya NSDI Workshop held.

Year 2006 2-year-project by JICA aimed at;1) Development of NSDI standards in Kenya2) Enhancement of competence in map digitization 3) Developing resources for GIS dissemination

Year 2014 As of 2014 Nothing concrete has been achieved in establishment of NSDI

The way forward

With the NSDI in Limbo, GIS professionals and university students in Kenya has Set up Geospatial Society of Kenya

to spearhead the use, application and establishment of NSDI in Kenya


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Setting up Geospatial Society of Kenya (GSK)

GSK is a professional society that aim to bring all GIS and RS professionals and university student across Kenya.

It is currently being established to spearhead GIS development in Kenya


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Milestones in development of GSK

• Year 2012-– Idea conceived to start a GSK platform

– A GSK facebook page formed. Current membership over 300

• Year 2014– Officially start deliberation to formally register GSK

– 2 meeting have already been held toward officiating it.

– GSK Officials elected, with the founding President being Mathenge M.

– GSK constitution and by laws formulated

Present Activities – Developing strategic plan

– Developing the website

– Establishing the framework and structures

– Recruitment drive


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GSK seeking for support and partnerships

• Seeking assistance from GIS experts all over the world in developing;

– Kenya’s Geoportal

– Seminars and Training of GSK members

– Financial support to establish GSK structures

– GSK eLearning Portal

– GIS advisors for GSK


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Should you need to help, please contact the GSK President [email protected]



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What do you think are the challenges county Spatial planning in Kenya?

How can GIS be used to address these?

Discussion question

Thank you

(Asante Sana) 谢谢

Karibu Kenya-Hakuna matata!!

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Prepared by:MATHENGE MWEHEDepartment of Urban Management,School of Planning and Architecture,Maseno University, Kenya


Kenya Land Use Planning and the Need for GIS in County Spatial Planning - Mathenge Mwehe

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