KENTUCKY TRAINING 2009 IECC

RESIDENTIAL PROVISIONS

AcknowledgementsKentucky Department for Energy Development and Independence

Kentucky Department for Housing, Buildings and Construction

Acknowledgements

This project funded by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, through the combined efforts of the following organizations:  Kentucky Department for Energy Development and Independence, the U.S. Department of Energy, and the Kentucky Division of Housing and Building Codes

BCAP – Building Codes Assistance Project

Non-profit, based in D.C. since 1994

Formed as a joint project of the Alliance to Save Energy, the Natural Resources Defense Council, and the American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy

Provide resources, education & advocacy assistance for adoption, implementation, & advancement of effective energy codes on behalf of the US Department of Energy and other funders

Speaker Intro, CV

• Speaker

Course Overview

• Introduction to Energy Codes– State & National Goals

• Proposed 2009 IECC– Residential Requirements– Compliance Approaches– 2009 IECC Residential Requirements

• Building Science Behind the Code

AIA/CES Credits (Commonwealth Cert. Instead?)

The Building Codes Assistance Project is a registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for non-AIA members are available on request.

This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

Why do Energy Codes Matter?

Environmental Impact of Buildings

o 32% of total energy use in Kentuckyo 40% of total energy use in United Stateso 70% of total US electricity consumption

19% Residential

13% Commercial

Computers: 1%Cooking: 5%Electronics: 7%Wet Clean: 5%Refrigeration: 8%

Cooling: 12%Lights: 11%Water Heat: 12%Heating: 31%Other: 4%

Cooking: 2%Computers: 3%Refrigeration: 4%Office Equipment: 6%Ventilation: 6%

Water Heat: 7%Cooling: 13%Heating: 14%Lights: 26%Other: 13%

VALUE of Energy Codes

Affects ALL new buildings

By 2020: • 23.4 million new housing units• Over 1 trillion sq feet commercial floor space

By 2030: • Over 41 million new housing units• Over 2 trillion sq feet commercial floor space

Source: EIA, Annual Energy Outlook 2008

Also…

Beyond code activities such as high performance buildings, advanced standards,and green building initiativesprepare the market so that it can handle more energyefficient requirements through codes.

Buildings are critical to addressing energy and climate issues

Efficient buildings– Avoid global climate change– Reduce foreign oil

dependency– Reduce stress on power grid

and natural gas supplies– Improve air quality and public

health– Save consumers money

Why do Energy Codes Matter…For Kentucky?

Kentucky’s Energy Code

• 2007 Kentucky Residential Code– Based on 2006 IRC, with some modifications that weaken

the energy code• Ex: reduction of basement, crawl space, and duct insulation

requirements, not longer need to seal recessed light features

– Applies to single family dwellings, two-family dwellings and townhouses

• 2007 Kentucky Building Code– Covers commercial construction– Based on 2006 IBC– Energy efficiency portion of the IBC unaffected by

amendments

Where Kentucky Stands

• KY SEO received > $62M in federal stimulus package for energy programs.

• To receive state funding Gov. Beshear certified that KY would implement or surpass the national model energy codes

• 2009 IECC and ASHRAE 90.1-2007, with 90% compliance

• KY on it’s way with proposal review by Board of Housing

Code Improvements

• The 2009 IECC is at least 18% more efficient than KY’s current residential code– Based on difference between 2006 and 2009

IECC– Current residential code is less efficient than

2006 IECC• ASHRAE 90.1-2007 is approx. 5.6% more

efficient than KY’s current commercial code– Estimate also based on 2006 IECC

Potential Energy Savings

• If Kentucky updates to the 2009 IECC and begins implementation by 2011…– Homeowners will save $18 million each year by

2020, assuming constant 2006 energy prices– Average energy bill savings: $336 per household

• The impacts by 2030 will be…– $35 million each year in savings– 5.5 trillion Btu of energy saved each year– Over 387,000 metric tons of CO2 averted each year

Cost/Benefit of New Energy Code

o The cost of upgrading to the latest model energy code is not prohibitive to households and new homebuyers

Incremental Cost Energy Savings Simple payback

$773.92 $336 per year, per home 2.3 years

o BCAP estimates that payback to homeowners for their investment in energy efficiency is less than 3 years

o These estimates are conservative and represent the upper bound on incremental cost

o When these costs are rolled into a 30 year mortgage, the payback becomes a matter of months

Energy Code: Not the Perfect Solution by Itself

• Energy Codes are highly cost-effective, but to work they need:– Training:

Codes can be highly technical, and must be understood to be followed

– Enforcement:

Buildings must be checked for compliance, an adequate number of code officials is needed for this to be effective

What is the IECC?

A Required Minimum Level of Energy Efficiency in New Residential and Commercial Construction

The International Family of Codes

Coordinated family ofInternational Codes, INCLUDING IECC

Structure of the IECC• Chapter 1 Administrative• Chapter 2 Definitions• Chapter 3 Climate Zones• Chapter 4 Residential Energy Efficiency• Chapter 5 Commercial Energy Efficiency• Chapter 6 Referenced Standards

IECC/IRC Interrelationship

• IECC addresses only energy• In Kentucky– IRC Chapter 11 references

IECC for energy

Kentucky - 2009 IECC Overview

• Energy Code Update:– Residential Provisions and

Major Changes from the 2006 IECC/KY Energy Code

– Possible Implementation date: Late 2011/Early 2012

What’s Different From IECC 2006?

• Stringency – some key differences• New requirements

– Building envelope tightness inspection/testing– Duct testing– Lighting equipment– Pool controls and covers– Snow melt controls

• Moisture control requirements moved to IRC – Vapor Retarders

• No mechanical trade-offs allowed

Energy Code Requirements

Mandatory Requirements (apply to all buildings):– Duct insulation and sealing – Infiltration control – Temperature controls– Pipe insulation

Climate Specific Requirements:– Roofs– Above grade walls– Skylights, windows, and doors– Foundations - Basements, Slabs, Crawlspaces– Kentucky is ALL Climate Zone 4

Who Must Comply?

PrescriptivePackage

REScheckSoftware

Basic (mandatory?) Requirements

Insulation & WindowRequirements

PerformanceSoftware

Compliance

Scope and General Requirements - 101

Residential Buildings that must comply:

IRC only for single-family, duplex, and townhouses

IECC has all low-rise (1-3 stories) houses, condos, and apartments [R-2, R-3, R-4], but not hotels/motels [R-1]

All buildings that are not “residential” by definition are “commercial”

What Buildings Must Comply?

• Residential buildings designated as R-2, R-3, or R-4 buildings three stories or less in height above grade.

Perhaps Simpler, Easier to Understand…

• All detached, semidetached, and attached structures, including single and multifamily structures up to three stories

Applicability/Exceptions – 101.4 • Very low energy use buildings

(<3.4 Btu/h-ft2 or 1 watt/ft2) for space conditioning (Section 101.5.2)

• Buildings (or portions of) that are neither heated nor cooled

• Buildings designated as historic (Section 101.4.2)

Additions, Alterations, Renovations, Repairs – 101.4

• Conform as relates to new construction• Unaltered portion(s) do not need to comply• Additions can comply alone or in combination with

existing building• Exceptions

• Storm windows over existing fenestration• Glass only replacements• Exposed, existing ceiling, wall or floor

cavities already filled with insulation• Where existing roof, wall or floor cavity

isn’t exposed• Reroofing for roofs where neither

sheathing nor insulation exposed

Mixed Use Buildings – 101.4.6

• Mixed occupancies

– Treat the residential occupancy under the applicable residential code

– Treat the commercial occupancy under the commercial code

Definitions 202

Conditioned Space: The part of the building that is designed to be thermally

conditioned for the comfort of occupants or for other occupancies or for other reasons.

Building Envelope: The area that separates conditioned space from

unconditioned space or the outdoors.

Definitions - OthersAir Barrier

Water Resistive

Building Thermal envelope

C-Factor

Commercial Building vs. Residential

Fenestration

F-Factor

R-Value

Service Water Heating

SHGC

U-Factor

ConditionedSpace

Outdoors

Conditioned Space/Building Envelope

Building Envelope

• Building Envelope consists of:• Fenestration

• Windows, doors, skylights• Ceilings• Walls

• Above grade• Below grade• Mass walls

• Floors• Slab• Crawl space

Conditioned space

attic

The Building Envelope Can Be Deceiving

• Higher R-value = Better Insulated• A Material Specification• R-value Applies to:

– All Walls– Raised Floors– Roofs

R-Value

R-30

R-19

R-11

U-Factor

• Lower U-factor = Better Insulated• Associated with Assemblies• U-factor applies to:

– Windows– Skylights– Doors

• U=1/R• Includes

air films

Single PaneU ~ 1.05

Double PaneU ~ 0.50

Double PaneLow-E FilmU ~ 0.35

Who Must Comply?

PrescriptivePackage

REScheckSoftware

Mandatory Requirements

Insulation & WindowRequirements

PerformanceSoftware

Compliance

Materials and Equipment Information

Material and Equipment throughout the building should be easily identifiable

by the building inspector and homeowner. This includes R-Values,

U-Factors, and equipment identification on all mechanical

equipment.

Building Plans

Basic/Mandatory Requirements

Material Identification (303.1) ie..Insulation Identification

NFRC Window Information – 303.1.3

Material Identification – 303.1.1.1

• R-value identification mark must be on all batt insulation wider than 12”

• Blown in attic floor insulation must have a depth marker for every 300 sq ft

Compliance

Who Must Comply?

PrescriptivePackages

REScheckSoftware

Mandatory Requirements

Compliance Paths

PerformanceSoftware

Climate Zones—2009 IECC

Kentucky – All CZ - 4

Prescriptive Packages

• Section 402• U-factor R-value requirements based upon:

– Climate Zone– Building component (ceilings, walls, floors,

windows, doors)– Does allow some area-weighting (windows)– Footnotes Key– No Window ft2 calcs, ONE Table

• Also includes Mandatory requirements

Prescriptive Requirements – Table 402.1.1

Code ComparisonKY Energy Code vs. 2009 IECC

FENESTRATION U-Factor

SKYLIGHT U-FACTOR

GLAZED FENESTRATIO

N SHGC

CEILING R-

VALUE

WOOD FRAME

WALL R-VALUE

MASS WALL

R-VALUE

FLOOR R-

VALUE

BASEMENT WALL R-VALUE

SLAB R-

VALUE AND

DEPTH

CRAWL SPACE WALL

R-VALUE

Kentucky Residential Code

.40 .60 NR 38 13 5/10 19 4 4, 2 10/13

2009 IECC (Climate Zone 4)

.35 .60 NR 38 13 5/10 19 10/13 10, 2 10/13

Kentucky’s current code and the 2009 IECC aren’t so different:

Alternative U-Factor – Table 403.1.3

*Most Relevant for Use by REScheck Software

Prescriptive Special Cases – 402.2

• Glass- 15ft2 may be excepted – decorative, etc.

• One Single side hinged door < 24ft2

• Attic insulation when full height over exterior walls- RAISED HEEL OR OVERSIZED TRUSS

R-38 R-30 for KY

• Attic insulation with undersized rafters to allow R-38 in a CATHEDRAL CEILING allows:

R-30 for cathedral ceilings if: <500ft2 of total area, or:

<20% of total roof area

Insulation Installation

“Cut-To-Fit!”

Right Wrong

For Wiring

Right Wrong

Electrical Boxes

Insulation Installation

Insulation Installation

Insulation Installation

Insulation Installation

NO GAPS!

Insulation Installation – Nice Jobs!

Insulation Voids

% of air voids in cavity

Insulation R-Value

Insulation Installation (Video)

Knee Wall Insulation

Attic Insulation (Video)

Attic Hatches - 402.2.3

• Attic Hatches– Air Sealed– Same Insulation level as floors

around them

• Vertical “Hatches” (in Kneewalls)– Also Air Sealed and insulation

equal to WALL insulation level.

Skylights, roof windows, vertical windows, opaque doors, glazed block and combination opaque/glazed doors.

Fenestration- Definition

Windows, Glazed Doors and Skylights – 402.3

U-factor Requirements:• Rating for all

Manufactured Fenestration; or

• Tables 303.1.3 (1-3):U-factor Default Tables for

Windows, Doors and Skylights

Fenestration (Windows, Doors)

• An area weighted average of fenestration can be used to satisfy the U-factor requirements

– Area-weighted average U-factor is subject to hard limits, even in trade-offs

– NFRC rated and certified

• Replacement Windows – U-.35

Windows – U-Factors Limits - 405

• Strict limits on U-factor in central/northern U.S. (cannot be traded off)

– U-0.75 for skylights in Zones 4-8– These are based on building average; individual

windows or skylights can be worse if area-weighted average meets these requirements

– Impacts the REScheck and Performance Paths

Climate Zones U-Factor Maximum4-5 0.486-8 0.40

Roof/Ceiling – 402.2.1-2.3• R- Value Requirements

based on insulation framing between or above cavity

• Meet or exceed R-values

Easy to miss…Rim/Band Joist

Standard Roof Truss

• Ceiling insulation code requirements assume standard truss systems

Cold corners contribute to condensation and mold growth

Potential for ice dam formations

Raised Heel Truss

• Raised Heel/Energy Truss credit if insulation is full height over exterior wall

Above Grade Walls - 402

Insulate walls including those next to unconditioned spaces

Don’t forget to insulate rim/band

joists

Mass Wall Insulation – 402.2.4

• What type• Concrete block, concrete, insulated concrete

form (ICF), masonry cavity, brick (other than brick veneer), earth, and solid timber/logs

• Provisions• If 50% or more of the insulation R-value is

on the exterior or integral to the wall, the smaller R-value can be used

– R- 5 if on exterior for Climate Zone 4;

– R-10 if more than half R-value is interior

Photo Courtesy of Kanuf Insulation

Steel-frameEquivalency

Tables402.2.5

Wood Frame R-valueCold-Formed Steel Equivalent R-value

Steel Truss Ceilings

R-30 R-38 or R-30 + 3 or R-26 + 5

R-38 R-49 or R-38 + 3

R-49 R-38 + 5

Steel Joist Ceilings

R-30 R-38 in 2x4, 2x6, or 2x8R-49 any framing

R-38 R-49 2x4, 2x6, 2x8, or 2x10

Steel Framed Wall

R-13 R-13 +5 or R-15 +4, or R-21 +3

R-19 R-13 + 9 or R-19 +8 or R-25 +7

R-21 R-13 +10 or R-19 +9 or R-25 +8

Steel Joist Floor

R-13 R-19, 2x6R-19 +6 in 2x8 or 2x10

R-19 R-19 +6, 2x6R-19 +12 in 2x8 or 2x10

Photo Courtesy of Kanuf Insulation

Basement Walls – 402.2.7

• > 50% below grade• Zone 4: R10 (continuous) or

R13 (cavity)

IN KY:

Currently R-4

2’ Down f/Grade

Above Grade per Basement Wall Definition

Basement Walls

Grade Line

4’

4’

4’

4’

49%

49%

51%

51%

Above Grade Wall

Below Grade Wall

Exterior Foam

Interior Studding

Basement Walls – Good Job

Basement Walls – Weak Job

Floors – 402.2.6• Space can be an

unheated basement, a crawlspace or outdoor air

• Zone 4: R19

• Insulation must maintain permanent contact with underside of subfloor

• Example of poor insulation job

Crawlspaces

Crawlspaces – Weak Job

Crawlspaces – Nice Job

Crawlspace Wall Insulation

Crawl Wall Insulation: This practice eliminates the need for insulation in the raised floor above the crawl.

Crawl space may not have ventilation openings to the outside

Must be mechanically ventilated or supplied with conditioned air (1cfm/50 sq.ft)

Crawl floor must be covered with an approved vapor retarder material

Crawlspace Wall Insulation – 402.2.9

When crawlspace walls are insulated, foundation vents are not required. Space should be mechanically vented or conditioned.

R-10/13 like Basement

Nice Job!

Crawl Space Wall Insulation

Is Venting This a Good Idea?

Are vents helping?

Crawlspaces To Vent, or NOT to VentBest Practice

Bunch of Stuff

EEBA Builders Guide

Building Science Corp.

Slab Edge Insulation – 402.2.8 • R-10 (typically 2 inches) insulation in Zone 4; Currently R-4 in

KY

• Downward from top of slab a minimum of 24”

• Insulation can be vertical or extend horizontally under the slab or out from the building (must be under 10 inches of soil),

• Can be angled at edge of slab

Slab Edge Insulation Slab Edge Insulation

Good Job!!

Slab Edge Insulation – Weak Job Slab Edge Insulation – Weak Job

Sunrooms – 402.3.5

Less stringent insulation R-value and glazing U-factor requirements

Sunroom definition:– Glazing area >40% glazing of

gross exterior wall and roof area

– Separate heating or cooling system or zone

– Must be thermally isolated (closeable doors or windows to the rest of the house)

Sunroom Requirements – 402.3.5• Ceiling Insulation

– Zones 4 R-19

• Wall Insulation– Zone 4 R-13

• Fenestration Maximum U-Factor– Zone 4 0.50

• Skylight Maximum U-Factor– Zone 4 0.75

New walls and new windows and doors separating a sunroom from the Conditioned space must meet the thermal envelope requirements.

Where Is Energy Lost?

-100

0

100

200

300

Ceilin

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oofs

Rim

/Ban

d Jo

ists

Abov

e Gr

ade

Wal

ls

Foun

datio

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alls Do

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Win

dows

/Sky

light

s

Fram

e Fl

oors

Slab

Flo

ors

Infilt

ratio

n

Ducts

Inte

rnal

Gai

ns

Who

le H

ouse

Ven

tilatio

n

$/yr

Cooling Cost

courtland

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Cei

lings

/Roo

fs

Rim

/Ban

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ists

Abov

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rade

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Foun

datio

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alls Doo

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dow

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ylig

hts

Fram

e Fl

oors

Slab

Flo

ors

Infil

tratio

n

Duc

ts

Inte

rnal

Gai

ns

$/yr

Heating Cost

courtland

Air Leakage – 402.4

Air leakage, or infiltration, occurs when outside air enters a house

uncontrollably through cracks and openings. Properly air sealing such cracks and openings in your home

can significantly reduce heating and cooling costs, improve building durability, and create a healthier

indoor environment. Building Plans

Basic/Mandatory Requirements

Areas for Air Leakage (Infiltration)

• Windows and doors

• Between sole plates

• Floors and exterior wall panels

• Plumbing

• Electrical

• Service access doors or hatches

• Recessed lightfixtures

• Access hatches and doors

Air Leakage

Windwashing- air movement within the wall cavity that reduces the installed R-value.

Air Leakage

• Effects of Windwashing– Reduces insulation's effectiveness/installed R-value– Reduces overall comfort– Places unnecessary stress on HVAC system– Increases energy consumption– Introduces moisture to unwanted areas– Can cause building/space depressurization,

backdrafting

Effect of Air Movement on Installed R-Value

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

0 5 10 15 20 25 Wind Speed (M.P.H.)

Effective R-Value of wall without proper air sealing

Wall System Installed R-Value

(°F x sq.ft. x h/BTU)

*Test data by Holimetrix. ASTM E283,ASTM E1424,C976

Air Leakage Control

Air Leakage Control

*Must be tested to ASTM for use in fire-rated assemblies

Chimney Chases

Chimney Chase Air SealingFlashing, caulk (possibly fire rated) at each sideSee IRC 1001.11

Rock wool with heavy duty aluminum foil rolled around it -- Caulk to chimney and framing

Duct Penetrations…

Plumbing Services…

Bath Plumbing Penetrations

Overhang/cantilever Air Sealing

conditioneduncondition

ed(e.g. - garage,

balcony)

blocking

Seal Foundation Penetrations!

Foundations!

Air Barrier and Insulation Inspection Table/Checklist – 402.4.2

Comply with Air Barrier

and Insulation Inspection Checklist

OR…..

OR…A Blower Door TestBlower Door Test

Depressurizes the House to Measure the Over-all Air Leakage Rate

When tested, the tightness must be at or below 7 Air Changes per Hour at a 50 Pa pressure difference

Air Leakage can account for a major amount of home heat loss, and lead to other performance problems

Formula:ACH50=CFM50*60/Volume

Air Infiltration

We have learned much over the years from the “Blower Door Test”

Air Leakage Can Be More Than a Third of the Total Heat Loss in a Conventionally Built Home

An Important ENERGY STAR®

label Homes Requirement is an Air Tightness Test or Blower Door Test

Fireplaces – 404.4.3

• New wood-burning fireplaces shall have gasketed doors and outdoor combustion air.

Recessed Lighting Fixtures – 402.4.5

• Type IC rated, and labeled with no penetrations between the inside of the recessed fixture and ceiling cavity (sealed and caulked)

• Sealed with a gasket or caulk between housing and wall or ceiling covering

• Type IC rated, in accordance with ASTM E 283 to be an “Air-Tight”enclosure

Vapor Retarder

A vapor barrier or vapor diffusion retarder (VDR) is a material that

reduces the rate at which water vapor can move through a material.

NOW IN IRC!!

N/A for CZ4 - KY

Building Plans

Basic Requirements

No longer a requirement in the IECC

Vapor Retarders No longer a

requirement of the IECC – in IRC

NOT required in Climate Zone 4

Siding

Sheathing

Studs & Insulation

Vapor Vapor RetarderSheet Rock

Zone 1-4 ExemptZones 5-8 Have exceptions(see IRC Chapter 6,

IBC Chapter 14)

Vapor Retarders

One Example:Poly Vapor Retarder(probably a bad idea in any climate)

Another Example:Kraft-Faced Insulation

Why – Diffusion vs. Air Movement

.

EEBA BFG

Crawl Floor Vapor Barrier

Class I Vapor retarder – 0.1 Perm or less

Vapor Diffusion

Ducts – 403.2In new home construction or in

retrofits, proper duct system design is critical. In recent years, energy-

saving designs have sought to include ducts and heating systems

in the conditioned space

Building Plans

Basic/Mandatory Requirements

HVAC Duct Insulation

Ducts – 403.2.1

• Insulation– Supply and Return Ducts

outside the building envelope shall be

insulated to R-8 in attics – everywhere else R-6

• Building framing cavities shall not be used as supply ducts (return ducts still OK- but not recommended)

Duct Sealing – 403.2.2

• Seal all ducts, air handlers, filter boxes, and building cavities used as ducts.

• Seal and securely fasten all joints, transverse seams and connections with:– welds– gaskets– mastics– mastic-plus-embedded fabric systems– tapes

• Unlisted duct tape is not permitted as a sealant on any metal ducts – must be UL-181 A/B listed –per IRC

Duct Sealing Requirements – 403.2.2

• Locate All Ductwork in Conditioned Space,

OR…

• duct tightness test must be performed on the system:

or

Duct Testing – 403.2.2 (1-2)Heating and cooling systems not 100% in conditioned space must be tested at 0.1” w.c. (25 Pa) and pass either

1.Post-construction test: Max leakage to outside of 8 cfm/100 ft2 of CFA or,Max total leakage less than or equal to 12 cfm/100 ft2 CFA

2. Rough-in test: Max total leakage of 6 cfm per 100 ft2 CFA or,Max total leakage w/o air handler 4 cfm per 100 ft2 CFA

e.g. 2,000 square foot finished houseMax leakage to outside= 160 cfmMax total leakage= 240 cfm

Duct Systems Air Sealing

Duct Installation

• Avoid Tight Bends

• Minimize Sagging

• Size Properly

• Place Inside the Envelope (good practice)

What’s the Big Deal about Ducts?

Well, it depends…

More Like It….

This Can Be the Big Deal

Supply in dropped soffit

Transfer grille

Ducts Inside Conditioned Space

Big Duct Holes and the Code

Leaky Supply Ducts and Panned Stud Bays/Floor Joists.

Don’t worry, this is only a $2 Million dollar home!

Deal with Pressure Imbalances!!

Deal with Pressure Imbalances!!

Door Closure Effect

Transfer Grille for Pressure Relief and Return Air Flow

The “Jump Duct” Option

Bedroom

Bedroom

…Or simple, inexpensivestraight-thru transfer grilles like R.A.P. or

Xenon !!

Deal with Pressure Imbalances!!

Mechanical/Electrical Equipment

• Temperature Controls• HVAC • Piping Insulation• Service Hot Water Systems• Swimming Pools• Lighting• Snow Melt Controls

Building Plans

Basic Requirements

Mandatory Requirements Systems – 403.1

• Controls – 1 T-stat for each separated heating and cooling system.

• Heat pump supplementary heat• HVAC piping insulation R-3 (>105 or <55 degrees)

• Circulating hot water systems: R-2– Circ. Pump on/off switch

readily accessible

Ventilation and Equipment Sizing – 403.6 and IRC M 1401.3

• Ventilation– Outdoor air intakes and exhausts shall have automatic or gravity dampers

that close when the ventilation system is not operating

• Equipment Sizing– IECC references Section M1401.3 of the IRC

– Load calculations determine the proper capacity (size) of equipment

• Goal is big enough to ensure comfort but no bigger

– Calculations shall be performed in accordance

with ACCA Manual S and Loads from ACCA

Manual J or other approved methods

(Long-Hand ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals)

HVAC Systems

Typical Heating and Cooling Systems

Furnace

A/C Unit

Ductwork

Heating and Cooling Efficiency

Temperature &Humidity ControlsAuto Setback Thermostat

Duct Installationand Insulation

Pipe Insulation

Programmable T-stat for Furnaces

Pool Requirements (403.9)

• Pool heaters (403.9.1)– Readily accessible on-off switch– Natural gas or LPG fired pool heaters will not have

continuously burning pilot lights

• Time switches (403.9.2)– Automatic controls required to operate pool heaters

and pumps on a preset schedule– Exceptions

• Where public health standards require 24 hour operation

• Where pumps are required to operate solar and waste heat recovery pool heating systems

Pool Covers (403.9)• Heated pools required to

have a pool cover• Pool cover must be

vapor retardant• Pools heated to over 90oF

• Minimum R-12 insulation

• Exception• Pools deriving > 60%

energy for heating from site-recovered energy or solar source

High-Efficiency Lamps Required (404.1)

• Applies to permanently installed lighting fixtures

• Requires 50% to be Compact Fluorescent T-8 Linear Fluorescent Meet minimum efficacy

requirements (see definition)• Applies to interior and exterior

lighting• Can be met with CFLs• Lamps NOT fixtures

Snow Melt Controls for Residential and Commercial Projects – 403.8

• Snow detector that will activate the system from the idle mode to the snow melt mode

• Require a slab temperature sensor that turns the system off when the surface temperature is above 50oF

• Temperature control that shuts the system down when the outdoor temperature is above 40oF

Compliance/Documentation/Inspections405.4

• Code Official has final authority– Software, worksheets– Above Code Programs

• Electronic media can be used• Construction work for which a

permit is required is subject to inspection

• Certificate is required- electric panel

Compliance/Documentation/Inspections

• Code Officials Inspection– Successive and final inspections, and re-

inspections if necessary• Code Validity

– Code deemed to be illegal or void shall not affect the remainder of the code

• Fees– Must be paid before permit is issued– Required in accordance with schedule

Certificate (401.3)• Permanently posted on the electrical distribution

panel• Don’t cover or obstruct other required labels• Includes the following:

– R-values of insulation – building envelope & insulated ducts

– U-factors for fenestration– HVAC efficiencies and types– SWH equipment– SHGC for fenestration – Not Required in KY CZ 4

• If a gas-fired unvented room heater, electric furnace, or baseboard electric heater is installed

While We’re At It – Water and Moisture IssuesCovered in the IRC, BUT

An Issue costing the Construction Industry over $9B/Year!

Residential Code Section 703 – Exterior Covering - 703.1 – Intent to prevent moisture from getting into wall - 703.2 – Water–resistant sheathing paper or material tested to ASTM D

226 (Housewraps, other building papers or felts) - Most Stone veneer and stucco applications require 2 layers-R703.6.3 - 703.7.5 and .8 - Flashing required, vague around siding other than Stone

or Brick - Required around openings, doors, windows, fairly vague - Stone veneer and stucco claddings also require a weep screed

Window Leaks

JUMP!!

Where is the water going to go?

And if you don’t…

Everything Has to Work

Perhaps Too Drastic

Everything…

Water Management Fundamentals

• Builders are used to applying basic water management principles daily– Shingles– Building paper

• Where do we mess up?– Almost always at the joints

and connections where different things come together

Water Management Simplicity

Let’s look at the basic components of wall water management.

One Solution…

Deal With Window and Door Penetrations!

Preparing for the Window…

Sill Flashing

• Can use continuous or multi-piece flashing approach

• Key is integration into whole wall system

Integrate Windows

Continuous Drainage Plane

Who Must Comply?

PrescriptivePackage

REScheckSoftware

Basic Requirements

Insulation & WindowRequirements

Compliance Path

U-Factor and Total UA Compliance Path – 402.1.4

(Enables REScheck Approach)

• Total UA Alternative– Same as U-factor alternative but allows trade-offs

across all envelope components• Approach used in REScheck software

• REScheck DOES have some Performance elements – Window Orientation, Area (limited)

REScheckTM

Desktop Software Tools Web-Based Tools

Windows version orMac version

Download/access at www.energycodes.gov

REScheck Steps

• Select the Appropriate Code• Enter Project Information• Enter Building Components• Enter Mechanical Equipment

(optional)• View/Print the Compliance Report• Save the Data File and the Report

Appropriate Code

• Applicable Energy Code

(Code Menu)• Default• Preferences

Project Information

• Project location• Project type• Project details for

report (optional)– Title/Site/Permit– Owner/Agent– Designer/Contractor– Notes

Compliance

• UA– “Max UA”– “Your UA”

• 2009 IECC-based projects– New Construction

• Must enter a roof, walls, and floor assembly– Check Compliance button

• NO High-efficiency HVAC Tradeoff• Performance alternative if UA calculation

fails

Screen Operations

Status BarCompliance Bar

Compliance Reports

• Project complies• View/Print Report

Compliance Certificate

Building Components

Project Information

Compliance Statement

Project Notes

Inspection Checklist

• Mandatory requirements

• Code presumes these requirements are met

• First of three pages

Panel Certificate

Under 2009 IECC-based codes, panel certificate option

Files

• Data (File>Save)• Report (File>Save Report)• Exchange

REScheck Example

Sylvan ResidenceLexington KY

• Building Envelope

Unexcavated

16' 0

"

24' 0

"

76' 0"

Crawlspace

Conditioned Basement

Conditioned Main Floor

Building Section

WD

BEDROOM #2DEN

LIVINGROOM

NOOK

KITCHEN

3 CAR GARAGE

DECK

MASTERBEDROOM

UTILITY

MSTRBATH

DININGROOM

FAMILYROOM

ENTRY

BASEMENT2x6 furred/insulwall (typ)R-19 batt insulation

CRAWLSPACE

• Ceiling Area

Ceiling Area2415 s.f.

WD

BEDROOM #2DEN

LIVINGROOM

NOOK

KITCHEN

3 CAR GARAGE

DECK

MASTERBEDROOM

UTILITY

MSTRBATH

DININGROOM

FAMILYROOM

ENTRY

North

Raised Heel or Energy Truss

• Exterior Wall Areas

North 9’ Ceilings

9’ Ceilings 12’ Ceilings

9’ Exterior Walls - 2180 s.f.North – 690 s.f.South – 600 s.f.East – 440 s.f.West – 450 s.f.

12’ Exterior Walls - 689 s.f.

North – 221 s.f.

South – 234 s.f.

East – 52 s.f.

West – 182 s.f.

3’ knee walls (between 9’&12’ sections) – 153 s.f.

West – 69 s.f.

East – 84 s.f.

WD

BEDROOM #2DEN

LIVINGROOM

NOOK

KITCHEN

3 CAR GARAGE

DECK

MASTERBEDROOM

UTILITY

MSTRBATH

DININGROOM

FAMILYROOM

ENTRY

• Including Rim Joists in the Exterior Wall Area

9'

C o m p . R o o f i n g

7 / 1 6 " o r 1 / 2 " R o o f S h e a t h i n g1 5 # F e l t U n d e r l a y m e n t

P r e M a n u f . R o o f T r u sse s @ 2 4 " o . c .

4 " b a se m e n t s l a b

2 x 1 2 f l o o r j o i s t s @ 1 6 " o . c .

2 x 1 2 f l o o r j o i s t s @ 1 6 " o . c .

1 / 2 " g y p su m w a l l b o a r d c e i l i n g

1 / 2 " p a r t . b o a r d u n d e r l a y3 / 4 " T & G p l y w d . su b f l o o r

M A I N L E V E L

B A S E M E N T

T Y P . E X T E R I O R W A L L :st u c c o'T y v e k ' i n f i l t r a t i o n b a r r i e r7 / 1 6 " O S B su b sh e a t h i n g2 x 6 @ 1 6 " o . c . f r a m i n g

1 / 2 " g y p . w a l l b o a r d ( G W B )

T Y P . F L O O R :

C o n c r e t e P a t i o

10

'9

'

2 4 " d e e p

24

"

R - 3 8 b a t ti n su l a t i o n

R - 1 9 b a t t i n su l a t i o n

R - 1 9 b a t t i n su l a t i o n

R - 5 r i g i d i n su l a t i o n

B A S E M E N T S E C T IO N @ E X T E R IO R W O O D W A L L

• Basement Walls -– below grade

>50% below grade =below grade concrete basement wall

Above Grade Bsmt Walls (exterior wood) = 837 s.f. (93’ x 9’) (entered as wood frame wall not a basement wall)

Below Grade Bsmt Walls = 1044 s.f.

Side basement walls = 360 s.f.

• West Wall – 144 s.f

• East Wall – 216 s.f.

Back basement wall = 684 s.f. (76’x9’)

(solid concrete or masonry)

3/0

linen

2/0 2/0

3' x 4' SHWR

2/6

storagehot water

fireplaceBa t h

Crawlspace

CrawlspaceUnexcavat ed

B edroom #4

B edroom #3

Family Room

Mech/ S t orage

16' 0"

24' 0"

76 ' 0 "

Concret e Pat io

• Basement Wall Areas

Above GradeBmst Walls (exterior wood) – 837 s.f. (93 ln. ft. x 9’ height)

144 s.f.684 s.f.

216 s.f.

North

• Basement Walls -– REScheck inputs

“back” below grade basement wall

(entire back wall is adjacent to crawlspace

“side” below grade basement walls

8 :12 pit c h (t yp)

bed room #2 clo m a inba t h

m a st erbed room

clo

B A S E M E NT2 x 6 f u r r e d /in su lw a ll ( ty p )R - 1 9 b a tt in su la tio n

CRA WLS P A CE

• Floor Area Crawlspace Area - 783 s.f.

North

Unexcavated

16' 0

"

24' 0

"

76' 0"

Crawlspace

• Slab Perimeter

Slab Perimeter - 93 linear feet

Line represents the slab edge to be calculated in linear feet.

Unexcavated

16' 0

"

24' 0

"

76' 0"

Crawlspace

Perimeter Slab Insulation

8 :12 pit c h (t yp)

bed room #2 clo m a inba t h

m a st erbed room

clo

B A S E M E NT2 x 6 f u r r e d /in su lw a ll ( ty p )R - 1 9 b a tt in su la tio n

CRA WLS P A CE

9'

C o m p . R o o f i n g

7 / 1 6 " o r 1 / 2 " R o o f S h e a t h i n g1 5 # F e l t U n d e r l a y m e n t

P r e M a n u f . R o o f T r u sse s @ 2 4 " o . c .

4 " b a se m e n t s l a b

2 x 1 2 f l o o r j o i s t s @ 1 6 " o . c .

2 x 1 2 f l o o r j o i s t s @ 1 6 " o . c .

1 / 2 " g y p su m w a l l b o a r d c e i l i n g

1 / 2 " p a r t . b o a r d u n d e r l a y3 / 4 " T & G p l y w d . su b f l o o r

M A I N L E V E L

B A S E M E N T

T Y P . E X T E R I O R W A L L :st u c c o'T y v e k ' i n f i l t r a t i o n b a r r i e r7 / 1 6 " O S B su b sh e a t h i n g2 x 6 @ 1 6 " o . c . f r a m i n g

1 / 2 " g y p . w a l l b o a r d ( G W B )

T Y P . F L O O R :

C o n c r e t e P a t i o

10

'9

'

2 4 " d e e p

24

"

R - 3 8 b a t ti n su l a t i o n

R - 1 9 b a t t i n su l a t i o n

R - 1 9 b a t t i n su l a t i o n

R - 5 r i g i d i n su l a t i o n

• Insulation Levels

Roof/Ceiling - R-38 batts

Wall - R-19 batts

Floor - R-19 batts

Slab - R-5 rigid (24” vertical)

• Window/ Door Area

Window Area - 533 s.f.;

U-value = 0.40 & SHGC .40

North – 369 s.f.

South – 149 s.f.

West – 15 s.f.

North

South

East

West

Glass Doors <50% glass - 40 s.f.; U-value = 0.50

North – 40 s.f.

Opaque Doors - 40 s.f.; U-value = 0.50

South – 40 s.f.

Overhang/Projection Factor (PF)

CRAWLSPACE

9' 1-

1/8"13

' 6" 2 '

PF= A/B

PF=0.15

Performance Approach – 405.5, 405.6

ProposedDesign

(“Proposed Building Meeting the Energy Code Requirements”)

StandardDesign

Energy Useof Proposed Design less

than

Energy Useof Standard

Design

Energy Estimation

Tool

<

In KY – Most Likely Software Used will be REMRate

Simulated Performance• Requires computer software with specified capabilities (local official

may approve other tools)• Includes both envelope and orientation• Allows greatest flexibility. Credits features such as:

– Tight building envelope– Tight ducts (must be leak tested) or hydronic systems– Exterior shading, favorable orientation, thermal mass, SHGC,

etc.• Section 405 specifies “ground rules”

– These will generally be “hidden” in compliance software calculation algorithms

– Very similar ground rules are used in new home federal tax credits and ENERGY STAR Home guidelines

Simulated Performance Alternative (Section 405)

• Analysis includes– Proposed R-values/U-factors– Solar Gain– Various duct and distribution efficiencies– Service Water Heating– Infiltration – Duct tightness– Orientation

• Mandatory requirements necessary– Sections 401, 402.4, 402.5 and 403

Our Implementation Challenges

Codes are not being well Implemented:• Training of Trades, Builders and Code Officials

• Requirements unclear and how to build them into buildings

• Compliance Low

• We’re NOT getting the projected energy savings OR building better buildings

State ResourcesKentucky Home Performance with Energy StarRecovery Act-funded program to provide technical and financial assistance to homeowners to assesses and finance the energy efficiency of their existing homes and to help contractors get into the business of performing energy evaluations and retrofits www.Kyhomeperformance.org

Kentucky HousingProgram for low-income households to make their homes more energy efficient.  Funds retrofits up to $6,500. http://www.kyhousing.org/page.aspx?id=2327

Midwestern Energy ConferenceConference coming up in March (offered each year) where contractors can learn more about building science and programs to help fund energy efficiency and grow their businesseshttp://www.midwestenergyconference.com/2011/2011index.htm

Energy Star Homesorganization actively promoting ENERGY STAR new homes programhttp://www.hbak.com/      

Resources

www.energycodes.govtechsupport@becp.pnl.gov

National Level - National Model Building Energy Code & Standards

COMMERCIAL

Standard 90.1 2010; 30 % Target (Achieved about 25%)

Currently:

• Standard 189.1 (Completed 2009)

• International Green Construction Code (IgCC) 2nd draft 11/4/2010

• LEED, Global Green, Advanced Energy Design Guides, Core Performance, ENERGY STAR

National Level - National Model Building Energy Code & Standards

RESIDENTIALInternational Energy Conservation Code; 30%

improvement underway-2012 IECC

Currently, • 2009 IECC (several significant new provisions to

boost energy efficiency 15% on average nationally for 2012 IECC)

• ENERGY STAR• LEED RESIDENTIAL, BUILDING AMERICA ICC 700, Build it Green

ICC 700 National Green Building Standard

New Housing Energy Continuum

Conventional homesComplies with existing energy codes with 100% reliance on utility supplied energy.High performance homesSaves 30 to 50% of utility energy costs over conventional homes using efficiencyand renewable energy technologies.Near-zero energy homesSaves 60 to 90% utility energy costsover conventional homes.Net-zero energy homesProduces as much energy as it uses, saving 100% utility energy costs.Zero-carbon homesProduces more energy than it uses and exporting at least 20% electricity to the grid.

Percentage of Projected Energy Savings

Courtesy of Anthony Floyd City of Scottsdale AZ

Conclusions

• National, State and Local governments are paying attention to energy codes.

• Increased federal funding toward energy codes.

• Governor assurance letters included energy code provision to have 90% compliance with the 2009 IECC by 2017

• Energy codes are a critical part of building design.

Thank You!Joe Speaker

XXX XXX

XXX Ave.,

XXX, KY

Building Codes Assistance Project

1850 M Street, Suite 600

Washington, D.C. 20036

www.bcap-ocean.org