Kenny A Period V Nov 2008

8/3/2019 Kenny A Period V Nov 2008

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\I_CFJ ^

GFHCZF_CHE _I\F_ZBihhs K( ~ \irjyi

Dkhykrs ;! ?

Dkgip Z( Jcgkp khj Pkrkm K( Gfrrcpfh

Hf~igoir ;=! ?


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BIHHS K( @FHPIHZ JI@_II

\ircfj ^ Gfhczfrche _i|frz

ZKOAI FN @FHZIHZP

\K_Z C CHZ_FJY@ZCFH(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( ;Ok`berfyhj! \yr|fpi! P`f|i khj Frekhctkzcfh nfr zmcp _i|frz

K( Zmi Bihhs K( ~( \irjyi @fhpihz Ji`rii (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( ;O( Gizmfjfafes (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( ;@( _i|frz P`f|i khj Frekhctkzcfh ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 9

\K_Z CC @FH@AYPCFH KHJ _I@FGGIHJKZCFHP (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( >

K( Zrihjp khj K``fg|acpmgihzp (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( >O( @fhzchyche @fhìrhp khj @mkaaiheip khj

_i`fggihjij \rcfrczcip nfr Pzkzi Kzzihzcfh(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( ;;

\K_Z CCC PKNIZS(( ?;

@mcajrih ch Nfpzir @kri kri Pkni nrfg Gkazrikzgihz

K( Fyz`fgi \irnfrgkhì4 ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( ?;O( Fzmir \rk`zcì&\rfìpp _i{ycrigihzp _iekrjche

Gkazrikzgihz ch @kri Ch~ipzcekzcfhp((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 0;

@( Fzmir Pzkzi&@fyhzs K`zcfhp zf Ihpyri @mcaj Pknizs11111111((:0\K_Z C^ \I_GKHIH@S (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( :9

@mcajrih ch @kri Gkchzkch Nkgcas @fhhi`zcfhp khj K`mci~i \irgkhih`s

K( Fyz`fgi \irnfrgkhì ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( :9O( Fzmir \rk`zcì&\rfìpp _i{ycrigihzp nfr Mia|che @mcajrih K`mci~i

\irgkhih`s (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 53

@( \fpz Kjf|zcfh Kppcpzkhì(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( =?\K_Z ^ UIAA'OICHE (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( =0

@mcajrih ch @kri I}|ircihì Pzkoai \akìgihzp! Ufrbir @fhzchyczs!

khj _iìc~i zmi Pir~cìp Zmis Hiij

K( Fyz`fgi \irnfrgkhì ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( =0O( Zmi \akìgihz I}|ircihì (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 3:@( \rk`zcì nfr Giizche zmi Hiijp fn @mcajrih! Sfyzm! khj Nkgcacip (((((((((( 33J( @yrkzc~i K`zcfhp zf Kjjripp @fhìrhp Kofyz Pzkzi \irnfrgkhì11(;


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\ircfj ^ Gfhczfrche _i|frz

\K_Z ^C PZ_IHEZMIHCHE ZMI PI_^C@I JIAC^I_S

CHN_KPZ_Y@ZY_I ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( ;


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\ircfj ^ Gfhczfrche _i|frz\kei ;

\krz C CHZ_FJY@ZCFHOk`berfyhj! \yr|fpi! P`f|i! khj Frekhctkzcfh fn _i|frz

Zmcp cp zmi ncnzm ri|frz |ri|krij os zmi K``fyhzkocaczs Keihzp nfr zmi Bihhs K( ~ \irjyi @fhpihz

Ji`rii zf ri~ciu zmi Pzkzi Jinihjkhzp |rferipp Dkhykrs ; zmrfyem Dyhi 0

cg|rf~ij `mcaj uiankri fyz`fgip khj ch giizche czp fzmir foacekzcfhp yhjir zmi @fhpihz

Ji`rii( Zmi Bihhs K( ~ \irjyi @fhpihz Ji`rii ipzkoacpmij Dkgip Z( Jcgkp khj Pkrkm K(

Gfrrcpfh kp chji|ihjihz K``fyhzkocaczs Keihzp uczm rip|fhpcocaczs zf |rfjyì |yoac` ri|frzp

i~irs pc} gfhzmp( Zmcp chzrfjy`zcfh cp chzihjij zf |rf~cji k orcin f~ir~ciu fn zmi Bihhs K(

@fhpihz Ji`rii khj zmi K``fyhzkocaczs Keihzp gizmfjp fn kppippche zmi Pzkzip |irnfrgkhì!

kp uiaa kp zmi p`f|i khj frekhctkzcfh fn zmcp ri|frz(

K( Zmi Bihhs K( ~ \irjyi @fhpihz Ji`rii

Yhjir zmi zirgp khj `fhjczcfhp fn zmi Bihhs K( @fhpihz Ji`rii! zmi Pzkzi cp zf k`mci~i khj

pypzkch 0; fyz`fgip kp uiaa kp gkchzkch ìrzkch |rk`zcì pzkhjkrjp uczm rip|i`z zf zmi `mcajrih

ch zmi `ypzfjs fn zmi JiBkao khj Nyazfh @fyhzs Ji|krzgihzp fn Nkgcas khj @mcajrih Pir~cìp

-JN@P#( Zmipi |rk`zcì pzkhjkrjp riakzi zf hiijp kppippgihz! pir~cì |akhhche! |akìgihz

i}|ircihì! mikazm `kri! ch~ipzcekzcfh fn gkazrikzgihz kaaiekzcfhp `fhìrhche `mcajrih ch nfpzir

`kri! khj `fyrz ri~ciup khj ri|frzche( Pfgi kri hiu ri{ycrigihzp nfr kjgchcpzrkzfrp khj `kpi

gkhkeirp khj fzmirp kri i}cpzche keih`s |fac`s khj |rk`zcì ri{ycrigihzp riìc~che micemzihij

kzzihzcfh( Ch kjjczcfh! zmi @fhpihz Ji`rii pzc|yakzip ~krcfyp chnrkpzry`zyri ri{ycrigihzp nfr zmi

Pzkzi khj @fyhzcip( Zmipi pzc|yakzcfhp riakzi zf kyzfgkzcfh! `kpiafkj pctip! zrkchche!

py|ir~cpcfh fn |rc~kzi |rf~cjirp! nfpzir |krihz acìhpche khj py||frz! khj nchkh`che(

Nfr |yr|fpip fn khkaspcp khj ri|frzche! zmi fyz`fgip mk~i oiih frekhctij chzf pi~ih zmigkzc`

erfy|chep( I}mcocz C'; jcp|aksp zmipi erfy|chep(

O( Gizmfjfafes

Zmi gizmfjfafes khj {ykaczs kppyrkhì |rfzf`fap k||acij zf jkzk `faai`zcfh khj khkaspcp ch zmi

ncnzm ri|frzche |ircfj kri pcgcakr zf zmfpi ig|afsij ch kaa |ri~cfyp ri|frzche |ircfjp oyz zmiri

ukp fhi pcehcnc`khz `mkhei ch rip|fhpi zf zmi zcgche fn zmi cg|aigihzkzcfh fn Eifreck PMCHIP!

zmi hiu Pzkziucji Kyzfgkzij @mcaj Uiankri Chnfrgkzcfh Pspzig -PK@UCP(# Kp ch |ri~cfyp

|ircfjp! pi~irka pfyrìp fn chnfrgkzcfh khj jkzk `faai`zcfh gizmfjp mk~i oiih ypij zf |rfjyìzmi khkaspcp |ripihzij ch zmcp ri|frz( K||ihjc} O mkp k nyaa jip`rc|zcfh fn zmi gizmfjfafes nfr

zmi ncnzm ri|frzche |ircfj( Zmi K``fyhzkocaczs Keihzp ~ircncij Pzkzi khj `fyhzs ri|frzij jkzk

i}ì|z umiri fzmirucpi hfzij ch zmi ri|frz(

Zmi `mkaaihei nfr jkzk `faai`zcfh khj khkaspip ch zmi ncnzm |ircfj ukp zmi nchka |mkpi'ch fn

Eifreck PMCHIP( Nyazfh khj JiBkao @fyhzcip cg|aigihzij PMCHIP ch Dyhi khj ihjij kaa

hiu jkzk ihzrs chzf zmi |ri~cfyp pspzig! CJP! fh Gks ?=! ?


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\ircfj ^ Gfhczfrche _i|frz\kei ?

chczckzij knzir Gks ?=! ?


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\ircfj ^ Gfhczfrche _i|frz\kei 0

zmkz zcgi |ircfj(#; Zmcp k||rfk`m ukp ypij nfr gikpyrche |rferipp zfukrj piai`zij

Fyz`fgip |irzkchche zf ~cpczkzcfh khj uiaa oiche kp uiaa kp zf ekyei |irnfrgkhì nfr k

hygoir fn `kpi khj kjgchcpzrkzc~i |rk`zcìp(

Zmi gizmfjfafes k||acij zf zmi gikpyrigihz fn ik`m fyz`fgi cp hfzij kz zmi oiechhche fn

ik`m gikpyrigihz jcp`yppcfh zmrfyemfyz zmi rigkchjir fn zmcp ri|frz(

K bis `fg|fhihz fn zmi gizmfjfafes `fhzchyip zf oi zmi gfhzmas giizchep uczm Pzkzi khj

@fyhzs aikjirpmc| khj nciaj pzknn zmkz kri rinirrij zf kp E?( Zmipi giizchep ig|afs k

ri`yrpc~i aikrhche |rfìpp zmkz ypip f|irkzcfhka jkzk zf py||frz zmi ji~iaf|gihz khj zipzche fn

ms|fzmipip kofyz zmi |fzihzcka `kypip fn fopir~ij |irnfrgkhì |rfoaigp khj zmi nrkgche fn

pzrkziecip nfr cg|rf~igihz( Zmcp czirkzc~i |rfìpp mia|p |krzc`c|khzp cjihzcns umkz ufrbp zf

|rfjyì zmi jipcrij fyz`fgip! khj zf mfaj zmigpia~ip khj ik`m fzmir k``fyhzkoai nfr jfche

zmkz umc`m ufrbp( Zmipi giizchep nfpzir pian'i~kaykzcfh khj mk~i aikj zmi @fyhzcip zf `rikzi

pspzigp zf zrk`b! gfhczfr! khj pmkri uczm fhi khfzmir ypinya chnfrgkzcfh zmkz |ri~cfypas ukp

yhk~kcakoai fr jcnnc`yaz zf k`ìpp(

Ch kaa jkzk `faai`zcfh innfrzp zmi Pzkzi khj zmi @fyhzs mk~i oiih ~irs `ff|irkzc~i( @kpi ri`frj

ri~ciup ch |krzc`yakr `kh oi jcpry|zc~i fn jks'zf'jks f|irkzcfhp(

;Zmipi ri~ciup uiri okpij fh rkhjfg pkg|aip fn zmi `mcajrih ch nfpzir `kri khj fn nfpzir mfgip zmkz mkj k àkpp

gigoir -c(i(! k `mcaj ch zmi `ypzfjs fn JiBkao fr Nyazfh @fyhzcip ch `kri jyrche zmi ri|frzche |ircfj( Ik`m pkg|ai

ukp jipcehij zf k`mci~i k 39 |irìhz `fhncjihì ai~ia uczm k gkrech fn irrfr fn hf gfri zmkh |ayp&gchyp 5 |irìhz(

Zmcp gikhp zmkz! pzkzcpzc`kaas p|ikbche! zmiri cp k 39 |irìhz `mkhì zmkz zmi nri{yih`cip khj rkzip ri|frzij nfr zmi

ihzcri rkhjfg pkg|ai ucaa nkaa uczmch 5 |irìhzkei |fchzp fn zmi k`zyka nri{yih`s fr rkzi kgfhe zmi ihzcri |f|yakzcfh

nrfg umc`m zmi pkg|ai ukp jrkuh( Mfui~ir! nri{yih`cip ri|frzij nfr pyopizp fn zmi |f|yakzcfhp kri pyodi`z zf k

akreir gkrech fn irrfr! gkbche zmig aipp ri|ripihzkzc~i fn zmi |f|yakzcfh kp k umfai(


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\ircfj ^ Gfhczfrche _i|frz\kei :

I]MCOCZ C';4

Zmigkzc` Erfy|che fn Bihhs K Fyz`fgip

Pknizs

;( @mcajrih ch Nfpzir @kri kri Pkni nrfg Gkazrikzgihz@fhpihz Ji`rii Fyz`fgip ;! ?! khj 0 riakzij zf ch~ipzcekzcfhp fn gkazrikzgihz ch `kri(

@fhpihz Ji`rii Fyz`fgip 9 khj > riakzij zf zmi ch`cjihzp fn pyopzkhzckzij

gkazrikzgihz ch `kri khj `fr|frka |yhcpmgihz(

\irgkhih`s

?( @mcajrih ch \akìgihzp Gkchzkch Nkgcas @fhhi`zcfhp@fhpihz Ji`rii Fyz`fgip 5! ;>! khj ;3 riakzij zf bii|che `mcajrih `fhhi`zij zf

nkgcas khj `fggyhczs kz zmi zcgi fn |akìgihz(

@fhpihz Ji`rii Fyz`fgip ?; khj ?0 riakzij zf ~cpczkzcfh kgfhe nkgcas gigoirp(

0( @mcajrih K`mci~i \irgkhih`s@fhpihz Ji`rii Fyz`fgip : khj ;: riakzij zf ri'ihzrs chzf `kri(

@fhpihz Ji`rii Fyz`fgip =k . o! 3! ;

@fhpihz Ji`rii Fyz`fgip ?5 khj ?= riakzij zf zcgias khj `fg|aizi `fyrz ri~ciu fn

|irgkhih`s innfrzp(

Uiaa Oiche

:( @mcajrih I}|ircihì Pzkoai \akìgihzp khj Ufrbir @fhzchyczs@fhpihz Ji`rii Fyz`fgi ;5 riakzij zf |akìgihz pzkocaczs(

@fhpihz Ji`rii Fyz`fgip ;=! ?

`mcajrih khj `kriec~irp(

9( @mcajrih khj Sfyzm _iìc~i zmi Pir~cìp zmis Hiij@fhpihz Ji`rii Fyz`fgi ?: riakzij zf zmi ijy`kzcfhka k`mci~igihz fn sfyzm umf kei

fyz fn nfpzir `kri(

@fhpihz Ji`rii Fyz`fgi 0< riakzij zf giizche mcajrihp pir~cì hiijp(

Pzrihezmihij Chnrkpzry`zyri

>( Inni`zc~i F~irpcemz fn \akìgihz Pizzchep@fhpihz Ji`rii Fyz`fgip ?9 khj 0; riakzij zf |akìgihz pizzche `fhjczcfhp(

5( Zcgias khj @fg|aizi @fyrz Frjirp@fhpihz Ji`rii Fyz`fgip ?> khj ?3 riakzij zf JN@P kyzmfrczs zf kppygi khj gkchzkch

`ypzfjs(


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@( _i|frz P`f|i khj Frekhctkzcfh

Zmcp ri|frz jip`rcoip zmi Pzkzip |irnfrgkhì riakzc~i zf zmi fyz`fgi gikpyrip zmkz uiri zf oi

k`mci~ij os zmi ihj fn zmi ncnzm ri|frzche |ircfj! khj |rferipp cg|aigihzche ri{ycrij |fac`cip!

|rk`zcìp! khj chnrkpzry`zyri( Umiri zmi chnfrgkzcfh ukp k~kcakoai! `fg|krcpfhp zf |ri~cfyp

ri|frzche |ircfj |irnfrgkhì kri `czij(

Zmi rigkchjir fn zmi ri|frz cp frekhctij chzf zmi nfaafuche |krzp4

\krz CC! @fhàypcfhp khj _i`fggihjkzcfhp pyggkrctip zmi k``fg|acpmgihzp khj pzkzyp fn

Pzkzi khj @fyhzs k`zcfhp zkbih jyrche zmi ncnzm ri|frzche |ircfj( Cz fnnirp pi~irka

ri`fggihjkzcfhp oiaci~ij cg|frzkhz zf zmi Pzkzi khj @fyhzcip `fhzchyij |rferipp(

\krz CCC! Pknizs fn @mcajrih ch @kri chàyjip kh kppippgihz fn zmi Pzkzip ncnzm |ircfj

|irnfrgkhì riakzij zf Fyz`fgip ;! ?! 0! 9! khj >! nf`ypij fh bii|che `mcajrih ch czp `kri pkni

nrfg gkazrikzgihz khj rip|fhjche zf ri|frzp fn kaaieij gkazrikzgihz(

\krz C^! @mcajrih K`mci~che \irgkhih`s chàyjip kh kppippgihz fn zmi Pzkzip ncnzm |ircfj

|irnfrgkhì riakzij zf Fyz`fgip :! 5! =! 3! ;! ;3! ?;! ?0! ?5 khj ?=! nf`ypij fh

gkchzkchche khj k`mci~che |irgkhihz nkgcas `fhhi`zcfhp nfr `mcajrih ch Pzkzi `ypzfjs(

\krz ^! @mcajrihp Uiaa Oiche ch @kri chàyjip kh kppippgihz fn zmi Pzkzip ncnzm |ircfj

|irnfrgkhì riakzij zf Fyz`fgip ;5! ;=! ?

`mcajrih ch JiBkao khj Nyazfh @fyhzcip khj zmi hygoir khj |irìhzkei fn jc~irpcfh `kpip ch

zmfpi `fyhzcip zmkz i}|ircihìj pyopzkhzckzij gkazrikzgihz uczmch zmi pyopi{yihz ;? gfhzmp(

K||ihjc} K |rf~cjip zmi nyaa ufrjche nfr kaa 0; fyz`fgip khj K||ihjc} O mkp k jizkcaij

jip`rc|zcfh fn zmi jkzk `faai`zcfh khj khkaspcp gizmfjp ig|afsij zf |rfjyì zmcp ri|frz(


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\ircfj ^ Gfhczfrche _i|frz\kei >

\krz CC @FH@AYPCFHP KHJ _I@FGGIHJKZCFHP

Jyrche zmi Dkhykrs ; zf Dyhi 0

|rferipp fh k ucji krrks fn zmi @fhpihz Ji`riip |irnfrgkhì ri{ycrigihzp( Kp ch \ircfj C^!

zmi cg|rf~igihz jigfhpzrkzij ukp ucjip|rikj khj! ch k hygoir fn krikp! pyopzkhzcka( Jip|czi

zmcp |rferipp zmiri rigkch krikp umiri pcehcnc`khz cg|rf~igihz cp hiijij( K``fg|acpmgihzp

khj k`zcfhp zkbih os zmi @fyhzcip khj zmi Pzkzi mfaj |rfgcpi nfr `fhzchyij pypzkchij |rferipp

oyz zmi inni`zp fn zmi i`fhfgc` jfuhzyrh ch Eifreck ucaa acbias knni`z zmi |kì fn |rferipp(

Zmi Pzkzi! umcai nkaache pmfrz fn zmi gkazrikzgihz ch `kri pzkhjkrj! gks mk~i zyrhij zmi `yr~i

uczm cg|rf~ij |irnfrgkhì ch zmi \ircfj ^( @fhpi`yzc~i gfhzmas `kpi gkhkeir ~cpczkzcfh khj

pcoache ~cpczkzcfh erikzas cg|rf~ij( \irgkhih`s fyz`fgip rigkch `mkaaiheche oyz zmi @fyhzcip

mia|ij 959 `mcajrih k`mci~i |irgkhihz mfgip( Fn gfpz `fhìrh cp zmi k||krihz afu

|irnfrgkhì ch giizche `mcajrihp hiijp( Zmi Pzkzi mkp cjihzcncij rikpfhp nfr zmi pmfrz`fgchep

khj chczckzij pzrkziecip zf kjjripp zmig(

\krz CC mcemacemzp zmi Pzkzip |irnfrgkhì zrihjp! gkdfr k``fg|acpmgihzp! f||frzyhczcip nfr

cg|rf~igihz khj ri`fggihjkzcfhp nfr gkbche cg|rf~igihzp( Zkoai CC'; kz zmi ihj fn zmcp

`mk|zir pyggkrctip zmi Pzkzip |irnfrgkhì os fyz`fgi khj fnnirp k `fg|krcpfh zf \ircfj C^

|irnfrgkhì(

K( Zrihjp khj K``fg|acpmgihzpKazmfyem zmi Pzkzi niaa pmfrz fn gfpz fn zmi \ircfj ^ fyz`fgi zmripmfajp! pcehcnc`khz

cg|rf~igihzp ch |irnfrgkhì uiri i~cjihz nfr f~ir fhi'zmcrj -;;# fn zmi @fhpihz Ji`riip 0;fyz`fgip( Hf fyz`fgi pmfuij k pcehcnc`khz jiàchi ch |irnfrgkhì( Pi~irka zrihjp khj

|fpczc~i k``fg|acpmgihzp jipir~i ri`fehczcfh oi`kypi zmis pir~i kp zmi oycajche oaf`bp nfr

nyzyri py`ìpp( Orcinas! zmipi zrihjp khj k``fg|acpmgihzp kri kp nfaafup4

Cg|rf~che @mcaj Pknizs

Zmi Pzkzip \ircfj ^ gkazrikzgihz ch `kri rkzi fn


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ri|frzche |ircfjp! ;


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Nyrzmirgfri! kp cp hfzij oiafu! zmi @fyhzcip `fhzchyi zf gkbi zmi chjc~cjyka ufrbir `kpiafkj

pctip gfri gkhkeikoai kp zmis orche zmig àfpir ch achi uczm zmi @fhpihz Ji`rii ri{ycrigihzp(

Ch kjjczcfh zf zmi Bihhs K( pzc|yakzij pzrkziecip! zmi Pzkzi mkp riìhzas oieyh cg|aigihzche czp

\rferkg Cg|rf~igihz \akh -\C\# ch rip|fhpi zf zmi Nijirka @mcaj khj Nkgcas Pir~cìp _i~ciu

-@NP_(# Fhi pzrkzies fyzachij ch zmi \C\ cp zmi ipzkoacpmgihz fn k |irgkhih`s yhcz zmrfyemumc`m zmi Pzkzi mf|ip zf pmcnz zmi |yr|fpi khj nf`yp fn nfpzir `kri nrfg nchjche k||rf|rckzi fyz'

fn'mfgi |akìgihzp nfr `mcajrih! zf mia|che zmig pi`yri pkni khj |irgkhihz mfgip( Khfzmir

|rcgkrs \C\ pzrkzies nfr cg|rf~che pzkziucji |irgkhih`s |irnfrgkhì khj pir~cìp zf

`mcajrih khj nkgcacip cp k Nkgcas'@ihzirij @kpi \rk`zcì Gfjia( Zmcp k||rfk`m zf oizzir

chzierkzche khj nf`ypche |fac`s khj |rk`zcì khj pmcnzche ig|mkpcp nrfg k `mcaj fhas k||rfk`m

zf k nkgcas'ìhzrc` k||rfk`m ucaa oi |cafzij ch pi~irka `fyhzcip! chàyjche Nyazfh( Nchkaas! zmi

Pzkzi |rfgfzip k `fhzchyfyp aikrhche |rfìpp zmkz ih`fyrkeip `fyhzcip zf i}|afri umc`m

|rk`zcì iaigihzp rikaas gkbi k jcnnirihì ch |rfjy`che |irgkhih`s nfr `mcajrih( Fhi py`m

|rfìpp cp zmi JiBkao'Nyazfh E'? giizchep! zmrfyem umc`m `fyhzs gkhkeigihz khj pzknn mk~i

oiih zrk`bche zmi `mcajrih umf i}cz uczmch ;? gfhzmp khj zmfpi umf rigkch ch `kri zmcrziih frgfri gfhzmp! khj zmi hygoir khj zs|ip fn i}czp i}|ircihìj os `mcajrih ch zmipi erfy|p zf

jcpìrh |kzzirhp zmkz `fyaj chnfrg |rk`zcì(

Afuir @kpiafkjp nfr Kaa @kpi Gkhkeirp

Ch eihirka! `kpiafkj pctip mk~i jcgchcpmij! kazmfyem zmis kri hfz yhc~irpkaas uczmch zmi

jipcehkzij `k|p( Kp fn Dyhi 0

@fyhzcip mkj `kpiafkjp zmkz uiri kz fr yhjir zmi jipcehkzij @fhpihz Ji`rii `k|p( Kgfhe kaa

`kpi gkhkeirp ch JiBkao khj Nyazfh `fyhzcip! k zfzka fn hchi -:)# mkj `kpiafkjp fn ?< fr gfri(

Zmcp cp k pcehcnc`khz k``fg|acpmgihz nrfg k sikr kef( Ch Dyhi ?


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\ircfj ^ Gfhczfrche _i|frz\kei ; |irìhz( @kpi gkhkeirp ~cpczij uczm f~ir fhi'zmcrj fn zmi `mcajrih

-0>)# zucì k gfhzm! ik`m khj i~irs gfhzm nfr ;; `fhpi`yzc~i gfhzmp khj gkji pyri zmkz kz

aikpz fhi fn zmfpi gfhzmas ~cpczp ukp ch zmi `mcajp |akìgihz khj kaafuij nfr zmi `mcaj zf p|ikb

|rc~kzias uczm zmi `kpi gkhkeir( Zmcp ~cpczkzcfh rkzi ukp gfri zmkh zucì zmi ;: |irìhz

`ka`yakzij ch \ircfj C^ -Fyz`fgi ?< |irìhz fn zmi pyopzczyzi `kri ec~irp! kh

ch`rikpi nrfg 9? |irìhz ch zmi nfyrzm |ircfj -Fyz`fgi ??#! zmfyem zmi `mkhei cp uczmch zmi

pkg|aip gkrech fn pzkzcpzc`ka irrfr(

Jf`ygihzkzcfh fn Ak|pip ch Aieka @ypzfjs _igkchij Kofyz zmi Pkgi kp \ircfj C^

Zmi @fhpihz Ji`rii pzc|yakzip zmkz hf gfri zmkh 9 |irìhz fn zmi `mcajrih pmfyaj mk~i k ak|pi

ch JN@P aieka `ypzfjcka kyzmfrczs( Zmi Pzkzi pyr|kppij zmcp pzkhjkrj ch \ircfj C^ uczm 0

|irìhz i}|ircih`che k `ypzfjcka ak|pi khj giz zmcp pzkhjkrj ch \ircfj ^ uczm 9 |irìhz

i}|ircih`che k ak|pi! k``frjche zf zmi `kpi ri`frj jf`ygihzkzcfh( Pchì zmcp |irnfrgkhì cp

uczmch zmi gkrech fn pzkzcpzc`ka irrfr nfr zmi pkg|ai! cz cp inni`zc~ias zmi pkgi kp \ircfj C^(

Nfpzir Mfgip kri Hfz F~ir`rfujij

Fyz`fgi 0; p|i`cncip nfpzir mfgi `k|k`czs pzkhjkrjp zmkz k||as zf kaa JN@P'py|ir~cpij khj

|rf~cjir'py|ir~cpij nfpzir mfgip( Zmi Fyz`fgi 0; pzkhjkrj pzc|yakzip zmkz aipp zmkh ; |irìhz fn zmi `mcajrih ch fyz'fn'mfgi `kri uiri ch |akìgihzp zmkz uiri ch nyaa

k||rf~ka khj&fr acìhpyri pzkzyp -Fyz`fgi ?9#! k akreir |rf|frzcfh zmkh mkp i~ir |ri~cfypas oiih jf`ygihzij( @fg|ackhì uczm zmi riai~khz k||rf~ka |rfìppip `fhzchyij zf oi pzrfhe

kgfhe erfy| mfgip -;


14/179


\ircfj ^ Gfhczfrche _i|frz\kei ;;

JN@P'py|ir~cpij nfpzir mfgip riofyhjij zf 3> |irìhz nrfg zmi \ircfj C^ rkzi fn 3< |irìhz(

Ch zmi K``fyhzkocaczs Keihzp \ircfj C^ ri|frz! JN@P ukp yreij zf gkbi zmi k||rf~ka rkzip

kgfhe hfh'nfpzir riakzc~i |akìgihzp khj |rf~cjir'py|ir~cpij nfpzir mfgip k |rcfrczs nfr

cg|rf~igihz( Pyopzkhzcka cg|rf~igihz ukp i~cjihz kgfhe ofzm zs|ip fn |akìgihzp! uczm

|rf~cjir'py|ir~cpij nfpzir mfgip ch`rikpche zf ;

|irìhz! khj hfh'nfpzir riakzc~i |akìgihzp ch`rikpche nrfg 59 |irìhz zf => |irìhz(

Cg|rf~ij @fg|ackhì uczm K||rf~ka Pzkhjkrjp

Zf ihpyri zmkz nfpzir mfgip kri i{yc||ij zf |rf~cji pkni khj k||rf|rckzi `kri! JN@P mkp

|rfgyaekzij k yhcnfrg piz fn k||rf~ka pzkhjkrjp zmkz k||as zf JN@P'py|ir~cpij khj |rf~cjir'

py|ir~cpij nfpzir mfgip kacbi( Zmi ri~ciu fn k rkhjfg pkg|ai fn ;>< nfpzir mfgi ncaip nfyhj

i~cjihì zmkz nfr gfpz k||rf~ka pzkhjkrjp! 30 |irìhz fr gfri fn zmi mfgip ri~ciuij uiri ch

`fg|ackhì( Zmcp cp kh cg|rf~igihz nrfg zmi nfyrzm ri|frzche |ircfj! nfr umc`m gfpz fn zmi

k||rf~ka pzkhjkrjp uiri giz os == |irìhz fr gfri fn zmi mfgip ri~ciuij( @fg|ackhì

k||ikrp zf mk~i cg|rf~ij fh ;0 fn zmi ;> ri{ycrigihzp khj nfr hikras mkan fn zmipi zmigkehczyji fn zmi cg|rf~igihz ukp erikzir zmkh zmi pkg|aip gkrech fn pzkzcpzc`ka irrfr(

Pzrfheir Py|ir~cpcfh fn @fhzrk`z Keih`cip

Zmi cg|rf~ij `fg|ackhì uczm nfpzir mfgi k||rf~ka pzkhjkrjp hfzij kof~i k||ikrp zf mk~i

oiih jrc~ih! ch |krz! os pzi||ij'y| gfhczfrche khj py|ir~cpcfh fn |rc~kzi @mcaj \ak`che

Keih`cip os zmi JN@P \rf~cjir _iakzcfhp Yhcz -\_Y#( Uczm ihkoache akheykei mk~che oiih

ch`fr|frkzij chzf nfpzir `kri |rf~cjir `fhzrk`zp! \_Y k||ikrp zf oi gf~che keerippc~ias zf

pzrihezmih |rf~cjir k``fyhzkocaczs nfr giizche zmi zirgp fn zmi @fhpihz Ji`rii( \_Y cp

`fhjy`zche yhkhhfyhìj {ykrziras pczi ~cpczp zmkz chàyji ncai ri~ciup uczm i~irs `mcaj |ak`che

keih`s -@\K# khj |rf~cjir'py|ir~cpij nfpzir `kri pizzche pir~che JiBkao khj Nyazfh @fyhzcip2

`faai`zche y|jkzij gfhzmas jkzk fh |rf~cjir'py|ir~cpij nfpzir mfgi `fg|ackhì uczm gfpz

acìhpche khj k||rf~ka pzkhjkrjp2 khj gfri nri{yihzas `fhjy`zche dfchz ch~ipzcekzcfhp fn

kaaieij gkazrikzgihz ch `kri uczm zmi Fnncì fn _ieyakzfrs Pir~cìp -F_P#(

O( @fhzchyche @mkaaiheip khj _i`fggihjij \rcfrczcip nfr Pzkzi Kzzihzcfh

Zmi ucjip|rikj cg|rf~igihz i~cjihz ch \ircfj ^ ch py`m zmchep kp gkazrikzgihz ch `kri! zmi

{ykaczs fn @\P ch~ipzcekzcfhp ch pyopzczyzi `kri pizzchep! ufrbir `fhzchyczs! afuir `kpiafkjp!

gfri nri{yihz ~cpczkzcfh! khj cg|rf~ij `fg|ackhì uczm nfpzir mfgi acìhpyri khj k||rf~ka

pzkhjkrjp |rf~cji k nfyhjkzcfh nfr giizche zmi @fhpihz Ji`riip |irnfrgkhì fyz`fgip(

Mfui~ir! pypzkchche zmcp |rferipp khj kj~kh`che cz gks oi gfri `mkaaiheche ec~ih zmi

gfhzmas nyrafyem jksp nfr `kpi gkhkeirp khj zucì'gfhzmas nyrafyem jksp nfr kjgchcpzrkzc~i

pzknn zmkz kri hfu ri{ycrij fn JM_ pzknn kp k ripyaz fn jiàchche Pzkzi ri~ihyip |ri`c|czkzij os

zmi i`fhfgc` jfuhzyrh! khj zmi pmfrz'zirg jcpry|zcfh khj `fhnypcfh zmkz cp acbias zf kzzihj zmi


15/179


\ircfj ^ Gfhczfrche _i|frz\kei ;?

Pzkzip `fh~irpcfh zf zmi hiu Eifreck PMCHIP pspzig( Zmi K``fyhzkocaczs Keihzp fnnir zmi

nfaafuche fopir~kzcfhp kofyz `mkaaiheip zmi Pzkzi khj @fyhzcip ucaa hiij zf oi |ri|krij zf nkì

ch zmi gfhzmp kmikj(

\ri~ihzcfh fn Gkazrikzgihz ch @kri

Ch zmi \ircfj CCC Gfhczfrche _i|frz ! zmi K``fyhzkocaczs Keihzp riecpzirij `fhìrh zmkz uczm zmi

gkazrikzgihz ch `kri pzkhjkrj -Fyz`fgi 9# oiche rijyìj nrfg zmi


16/179


\ircfj ^ Gfhczfrche _i|frz\kei ;0

\irgkhih`s Nfr @mcajrih Ch @ypzfjs Gfri Zmkh ;? Gfhzmp

Zmi Pzkzi khj @fyhzcip kri zf oi `fggihjij nfr zmicr k``fg|acpmgihzp! ch`ayjche gf~che

gkhs `mcajrih zf |irgkhih`s f~ir zmi akpz niu sikrp! oyz zmiri cp pzcaa gy`m ufrb zf jf( Fh

Dyhi 0

riyhcns zmig uczm zmicr nkgcacip fr nchj hiu! kjf|zc~i nkgcacip nfr zmig( Zcgche! zmirinfri! cp

`rczc`ka( I~ih k niu jksp ch nfpzir `kri ch zmi isip fn k `mcaj `kh piig acbi k ~irs afhe zcgi( Fh

Dyhi 0

Ji`rii ch F`zfoir ?


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\ircfj ^ Gfhczfrche _i|frz\kei ;:

frekhctkzcfhp pihpi fn |yr|fpi pzrihezmihp zmi rinfrg innfrzp `fg|fhihz |krzp! khj mfu zmfpi

`fg|fhihz |krzp riakzi zf ik`m fzmir( Nchkaas! zmis gypz oi chzihzcfhka kofyz ac~che khj

jcp|aksche zmi frekhctkzcfhp pihpi fn |yr|fpi i~irs jks2 ch zmi ji`cpcfhp zmis gkbi! ch zmi

eycjkhì zmis |rf~cji zf pzknn! ch zmi zmchep nfr umc`m zmis mfaj |if|ai k``fyhzkoai(

Oiche chzihzcfhka kofyz `rikzche khj cg|aigihzche k `fmipc~i |irgkhih`s chczckzc~i nfr afhe'pzks `kpip `kh |rfjyì kh ih~crfhgihz umiri kaa pzknn4

^ciu nfpzir `kri kp zmi zig|frkrs krrkheigihz cz ukp chzihjij zf oi2

Piib khj cjihzcns f||frzyhczcip ch i~irszmche zmis jf zf kj~khì zmi |irgkhih`s keihjk

nfr zmi `mcajrih nfr umfg zmis kri rip|fhpcoai! nfr i}kg|ai! efche chzf ik`m `mcaj fr ocrzm

|krihz ~cpcz uczm kh fodi`zc~i nfr gf~che zmi `mcaj àfpir zf |irgkhih`s2

@fhzk`z khj pzks ch zfy`m uczm kaa cjihzcncij nkgcas khj nrcihjp fn k `mcaj oi`kypi zmis

yhjirpzkhj zmkz zmipi |if|ai kri bis zf k`mci~che |irgkhih`s nfr zmkz `mcaj2

Piib zf ihekei ocrzm |krihzp ch ji~iaf|che zmicr `kpi |akh! i~ih cn zmkz zkbip afheir! oi`kypi

zmis yhjirpzkhj zmkz cn zmi ocrzm |krihz jfiphz fuh zmi |akh zmis `khhfz oi i}|i`zij zfufrb cz khj |irgkhih`s ucaa oi jiaksij(

Kri |rf~cjij kyzmihzc`! |rk`zcì'cggirpij aikrhche f||frzyhczcip ch kjjczcfh zf jcjk`zc`

àkpprffg zrkchche(

Pzkzi khj @fyhzs aikjirpmc| kri yreij zf rinai`z fh mfu zmis `fyaj oi chzihzcfhka kofyz

ihpyrche zmkz zmi zffap khj |rk`zcìp zmis mk~i ji~iaf|ij! khj zmfpi zmis kri |yzzche chzf |akì!

ucaa |rfjyì k `fmipc~i rinfrg pzrkzies( Zmi K``fyhzkocaczs Keihzp ucaa py||frz zmipi innfrzp

zmrfyem zmi E? |rfìpp! jkzk `faai`zcfh innfrzp! khj `fhhi`zche zmi Pzkzi uczm mia|nya ripfyrìp

zf mkpzih khj richnfrì zmi jipcrij ih~crfhgihzka `mkheip(

Giizche @mcajrihp Chjc~cjykactij Pir~cì Hiijp

Nfr zmi pi`fhj `fhpi`yzc~i ri|frzche |ircfj! zmi ncai jf`ygihzkzcfh rinai`zp k hiij nfr

pyopzkhzcka cg|rf~igihz ch zmi i}zihz zf umc`m `mcajrihp pir~cì hiijp kri giz( F~irkaa! cz

k||ikrp zmkz 9: |irìhz fn zmi `mcajrih kri mk~che kaa zmicr `kpi |akh'cjihzcncij hiijp giz

-Fyz`fgi 0: |irìhz fn zmi gijc`ka p`riihchep khj :3 |irìhzfn zmi jihzka `mi`by|p riìc~ij ch \ircfj ^ k||ikr zf oi fh p`mijyai( Acbiucpi! 3; |irìhz fn

zmi `mcajrih uczm cjihzcncij hiijp mkj ijy`kzcfhka fr ji~iaf|gihzka hiijp khj =5 |irìhz fn

zmfpi `mcajrih uiri eizzche zmicr hiijp giz! oyz zmipi `mcajrih gks mk~i mkj fzmir cjihzcncij

hiijp zmkz uiri hfz giz( Zmipi nchjchep pyeeipz zmkz k `fg|rimihpc~i! mfacpzc` ~ciu cp hiijij

zf ihpyri kaa cjihzcncij hiijp kri giz khj giz zcgias( Zmi Pzkzi mkp aikrhij nrfg czp fuh

ri~ciu fn zmi K``fyhzkocaczs Keihzp \ircfj C^ nchjchep zmkz zmcp cp hfz pcg|as k gkzzir fn


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gcppche fr ch`fg|aizi jf`ygihzkzcfh( Kazmfyem nakuij `kpi jf`ygihzkzcfh ìrzkchas mkp

`fhzrcoyzij zf k afuir kppippgihz fn |irnfrgkhì! cz k||ikrp zmkz k |frzcfh fn `mcajrih kri

gcppche zmipi rfyzchi |mspc`kap(

Kp k ripyaz! ofzm @fyhzcip kri cg|aigihzche pzrkziecip zf cg|rf~i jf`ygihzkzcfh khj k`zyka

pir~cì jiac~irs( Zmipi innfrzp kri py||frzij os Eifreckp \rferkg Cg|rf~igihz \akh -\C\#!ji~iaf|ij ch rip|fhpi zf zmi nijirka @mcaj khj Nkgcas Pir~cìp _i~ciu zmkz gkbip

Chjc~cjykactij Pir~cìp k |rcfrczs2 khj os k hiefzckzij keriigihz rik`mij uczm zmi Bihhs K(

\akchzcnnp @fyhpia fh k `frri`zc~i k`zcfh |akh zf cjihzcns kaa `mcajrih umf uiri gcppche chczcka fr

|ircfjc` p`riihchep khj zf ihpyri zmkz kaa gcppche p`riihchep kri |rfg|zas `fhjy`zij khj

|rf|ir nfaafu'y| zrikzgihz jiac~irij( Cg|aigihzkzcfh fn zmi @kpi \rk`zcì Gfjia! kapf

jip`rcoij ch zmi \C\ gks mia| zf cg|rf~i zmcp |irnfrgkhì kp uiaa( Zmi K``fyhzkocaczs Keihzp

oiaci~i zmkz uczm `fhzchyij ~cecakhì! zmi @fyhzcip mk~i zmi gikhp zf py`ìppnyaas gkbi zmi

hiijij cg|rf~igihzp(


19/179


\ircfj ^ Gfhczfrche _i|frz\kei ;>

Zkoai CC';

Bihhs K( Fyz`fgip4 \rferipp kp fn Dyhi 0

Pknizs Fyz`fgip

@mcajrih ch Nfpzir @kri kri Pkni Nrfg Gkazrikzgihz ch @kri

\ircfj ^

\irnfrgkhì

@fg|krcpfh zf

\ircfj C^9Fyz`fgi ;4 Kz aikpz 39) fn kaa ch~ipzcekzcfhp fn ri|frzp fn koypi fr

hieai`z fn nfpzir `mcajrih pmkaa oi `fggihìj! ch k``frjkhì uczm

Pi`zcfh ?; fn zmi Pf`cka Pir~cìp Gkhyka! uczmch ?: mfyrp fn riìc|z

fn ri|frz(

3) Cg|rf~ij

Fyz`fgi 04 Kz aikpz 33) fn kaa ch~ipzcekzcfhp fn ri|frzij koypi fr

hieai`z fn nfpzir `mcajrih jyrche zmi ri|frzche |ircfj pmkaa chàyji

zcgias! nkì'zf'nkì! |rc~kzi `fhzk`z uczm kaaieij ~c`zcg! chàyjchenkì'zf'nkì `fhzk`z uczm k `mcaj umf cp hfh'~iroka jyi zf kei fr nfr

khs fzmir rikpfh(

==) Cg|rf~ij

Fyz`fgi 94 Hf gfri zmkh ??! ?0! ?9! 0

Fyz`fgip gikpyrij ypche zmi ihzcri |f|yakzcfh4 pcgcakr7`mkhei y| zf "&' ?)2 cg|rf~i&jiàchi7 `mkhei "&' 0) fr

gfri2 Fyz`fgip gikpyrij ypche k pkg|ai ig|afsij k pzkzcpzc`ka zipz zmkz gikpyrij zmi jcnnirihìp zmkz k``fyhzij

nfr zmi gkrech fn irrfr fn ik`m pkg|ai( Nfr zmipi fyz`fgip pcgcakr7`mkhei y| zf "&' ?)2 cg|rf~ij&jiàchij7

`mkhei erikzir zmkh zmi gkrech fn irrfr2 cg|rf~ij&jiàchij uczmch gkrech fn irrfr7 `mkhei "&' 0) fr gfri oyz pzcaa

uczmch zmi gkrech fn irrfr


20/179



Zkoai CC';! `fhzchyij


\irgkhih`s Fyz`fgip

@mcajrih ch \akìgihzp Gkchzkch Nkgcas @fhhi`zcfhp

\ircfj ^

\irnfrgkhì@fg|krcpfh zf

\ircfj C^

Fyz`fgi ?;4 Kz aikpz =9) fn kaa `mcajrih uczm zmi efka fn

riyhcnc`kzcfh pmkaa mk~i k||rf|rckzi ~cpczkzcfh uczm zmicr |krihzp zf

|rferipp zfukrj riyhcnc`kzcfh(

5>) Cg|rf~ij

Fyz`fgi ?04 Kz aikpz =) fn kaa nfpzir `mcajrih ihzirche

`ypzfjs pmkaa mk~i ri'ihzirij `kri uczmch ;? gfhzmp fn zmi |rcfr

|akìgihz i|cpfji(

3(;) Pcgcakr

Fyz`fgi =k4 Fn kaa zmi `mcajrih ihzirche `ypzfjs nfaafuche zmi

ihzrs fn zmi @fhpihz Ji`rii! kz aikpz :


21/179


\ircfj ^ Gfhczfrche _i|frz\kei ;=



\irgkhih`s Fyz`fgip

@mcajrih K`mci~i \irgkhih`s

\ircfj ^

\irnfrgkh`i@fg|krcpfh zf

\ircfj C^

Fyz`fgi ;


22/179





\irgkhih`s Fyz`fgip

@mcajrih K`mci~i \irgkhih`s

\ircfj ^

\irnfrgkhì

@fg|krcpfh zf

\ircfj C^

Fyz`fgi ?54 Kz aikpz 39) fn nfpzir `mcajrih ch `ypzfjs nfr pc}

gfhzmp fr gfri pmkaa mk~i iczmir mkj zmicr pc}'gfhzm `kpi |akh

ri~ciu `fg|aizij os zmi Dy~ihcai @fyrz uczmch pc} gfhzmp fn zmicr

|rcfr `kpi |akh ri~ciu! fr JN@P pmkaa mk~i pyogczzij zmi `mcajp pc}'

gfhzm `kpi |akh zf zmi Dy~ihcai @fyrz khj ncaij k gfzcfh ri{yipzche

k pc}'gfhzm `kpi |akh ri~ciu uczmch :9 jksp fn zmi i}|crkzcfh fn zmi

pc}'gfhzm |ircfj nfaafuche zmi akpz ri~ciu(

>0) Cg|rf~ij

Fyz`fgi ?=4 Kz aikpz 39) fn nfpzir `mcajrih ch `ypzfjs nfr ;? fr

gfri gfhzmp pmkaa mk~i iczmir mkj k |irgkhih`s mikrche miaj os

zmi Dy~ihcai @fyrz uczmch ;? gfhzmp fn zmi zcgi zmi `mcaj ihzirij

nfpzir `kri fr mkj mcp fr mir akpz |irgkhih`s mikrche! fr JN@P pmkaamk~i pyogczzij zmi jf`ygihzp ri{ycrij os zmi Dy~ihcai @fyrz nfr

khj ri{yipzij k |irgkhih`s mikrche uczmch :9 jksp fn zmi

i}|crkzcfh fn zmi ;?'gfhzm |ircfj nfaafuche zmi zcgi zmi `mcaj

ihzirij nfpzir `kri fr mkj mcp fr mir akpz |irgkhih`s mikrche(

=0) Pcgcakr

Uiaa'Oiche Fyz`fgip

@mcajrih I}|ircihì Pzkoai \akìgihzp khj Ufrbir

@fhzchyczs

Fyz`fgi ;54 Kz aikpz 39) fn kaa `mcajrih ch `kri pmkaa mk~i mkj ? fr

niuir gf~ip jyrche zmi |rcfr ;? gfhzmp ch `ypzfjs(3?) Pcgcakr

Fyz`fgi ;=4 Kz aikpz 3


23/179


\ircfj ^ Gfhczfrche _i|frz\kei ?

@mcajrih khj Sfyzm _iìc~i Pir~cìp Zmis Hiij

\ircfj ^

\irnfrgkhì

@fg|krcpfh zf

\ircfj C^

Fyz`fgi ?:4 Zmi |irìhzkei fn sfyzm jcp`mkreij nrfg nfpzir `kri kz

kei ;= fr fajir uczm k mcem p`mffa jc|afgk fr EIJ ucaa ch`rikpi

f~ir okpiachi os ?< |irìhzkei |fchzp(

Hi}z

Gikpyrigihz

ch >zm |ircfj

Fyz`fgi 0) Cg|rf~ijuczmch Gkrech

fn Irrfr

Fyz`fgi ?>4 Kz aikpz 39) fn nfpzir `mcajrih ch `ypzfjs kz k |fchz ch

zcgi jyrche zmi ri|frzche |ircfj pmkaa mk~i kaa k||ac`koai akheykei

ch `fyrz frjirp hiìppkrs zf kppipp {ykacnc`kzcfh nfr nijirka nyhjche

yhjir Zczai C^'I fn zmi Pf`cka Pi`yrczs K`z(

>:)

Jiàchij

uczmch zmi

Gkrech fn Irrfr

Fyz`fgi ?34 Hf gfri zmkh 9) fn kaa `mcajrih ch `ypzfjs fn

JM_&JN@P nfr ;? gfhzmp fr gfri pmkaa mk~i ak|pi fn aieka `ypzfjs

uczmch zmi |rcfr ;0 gfhzmp(

9) Pcgcakr

Fyz`fgi 0;4 Hf gfri zmkh;# `mcajrih ch zmi mfgi! chàyjche zmi

nfpzir nkgcasp ocfafec`ka khj&fr kjf|zij mcajrih(

>) Pcgcakr


24/179


\ircfj ^ Gfhczfrche _i|frz\kei ?;

\krz CCC PKNIZS@mcajrih ch Nfpzir @kri kri Pkni nrfg Gkazrikzgihz

\rch`c|ai nfyr fn zmi @fhpihz Ji`rii kppirzp! zmi pzkzi mkp |rcgkrs rip|fhpcocaczs nfr zmi `kri khj

|rfzi`zcfh fn zmi `mcajrih umf ihzir zmi nfpzir `kri pspzig(> Kp k `fhpi{yihì fn zmcp rip|fhpcocaczs!

pi~irka @fhpihz Ji`rii fyz`fgip khj ri{ycrigihzp nf`yp kzzihzcfh fh zmi pknizs fn `mcajrih ch

zmi `ypzfjs fn JM_&JN@P( Zmcp `mk|zir ri|frzp fh zmi Pzkzip |rferipp ch zmi krikp riakzij zf

zmi gkazrikzgihz fn `mcajrih ch nfpzir `kri khj zmi |rfìpp os umc`m py`m kaaiekzcfhp kri

ch~ipzcekzij! khj `fhàyjip uczm k gfri jizkcaij jcp`yppcfh fn zmi |rk`zcìp khj |rfìppip

ig|afsij zf kjjripp ri|frzp khj `fhìrhp fn gkazrikzgihz ch `kri(

K( Fyz`fgi \irnfrgkhì4 Fyz`fgip ;! ?! 0! 9! khj >

Nc~i fn zmi @fhpihz Ji`rii fyz`fgip kri àypzirij krfyhj bii|che `mcajrih pkni umcai zmis kri

ch `ypzfjs khj {yc`bas kjjrippche pknizs cppyip kp zmis f``yr( Kaa nc~i fn zmipi fyz`fgip mkj

zmripmfajp zmkz uiri zf oi k`mci~ij oinfri zmi nfyrzm ri|frzche |ircfj( Zkoai CCC'; oiafu

|rf~cjip zmi gikpyrij |irnfrgkhì pyggkrs nfr ik`m Fyz`fgi( Zmi jcp`yppcfh nfaafuche zmi

zkoai |rf~cjip k gfri jizkcaij jip`rc|zcfh fn Pzkzi |irnfrgkhì kp uiaa kp zmi chzir|rizkzcfh

khj gikpyrigihz cppyip kppf`ckzij uczm zmi fyz`fgip! khj chnfrgkzcfh kofyz cppyip

pyrrfyhjche zmi ufrb zmkz |rf~cji k `fhzi}z nfr yhjirpzkhjche zmi Pzkzip |irnfrgkhì(

Zkoai CCC';

@mcajrih ch Nfpzir @kri kri Pkni nrfg Gkazrikzgihz4 \rferipp kp fn Dyhi 0

@fhpihz Ji`rii Fyz`fgi

\ircfj ^

\irnfrgkhìFyz`fgi 94 Hf gfri zmkh (95) fn kaa `mcajrih ch nfpzir `kri pmkaa oi zmi ~c`zcg fn

pyopzkhzckzij gkazrikzgihz umcai ch nfpzir `kri(


25/179


\ircfj ^ Gfhczfrche _i|frz\kei ??

;( Gkazrikzgihz ch @kri4 F``yrrihì khj Ch~ipzcekzcfh fn _i|frzp

Fyz`fgi 9 Gkazrikzgihz ch Nfpzir @kri

Fyz`fgi 9 acip kz zmi ~irs mikrz fn zmi @fhpihz Ji`rii( Cz cp kofyz bii|che `mcajrih ch nfpzir

`kri pkni nrfg gkazrikzgihz( @mcaj uiankri pspzigp mk~i hf mcemir foacekzcfh( Os jinchczcfh!`mcajrih ch nfpzir `kri mk~i karikjs i}|ircihìj pfgi nfrg fn gkazrikzgihz ch zmi mfgi nrfg

umc`m zmis uiri rigf~ij( Zmi |rfp|i`z fn zmig i}|ircih`che gkazrikzgihz kekch ch zmi nfpzir

`kri pizzche cp jii|as jcpzyroche(

k( Chzir|rizkzcfh khj Gikpyrigihz Cppyip

Zmiri uiri hf hiu chzir|rizkzcfh fr gikpyrigihz cppyip ih`fyhzirij jyrche zmi ncnzm ri|frzche

|ircfj( K||ihjc} O |rf~cjip k pyggkrs fn |ri~cfypas ripfa~ij chzir|rizkzcfh khj

gikpyrigihz cppyip( Zmi @fhpihz Ji`rii pzkhjkrj nfr gkazrikzgihz ch `kri -Fyz`fgi 9#

zcemzihij nrfg

ch `kri rkzi cp k~kcakoai cz ucaa oi àikrir umizmir fr hfz zmcp ji`rikpi ri|ripihzp k |fpczc~i zrihj(

5 Y(P( Ji|krzgihz fn Mikazm khj Mygkh Pir~cìp! Kjgchcpzrkzcfh nfr @mcajrih khj Nkgcacip! Kjgchcpzrkzcfh fh@mcajrih! Sfyzm khj Nkgcacip( Y|jkzij Hkzcfhka Pzkhjkrjp nfr zmi @mcaj khj Nkgcas Pir~cì _i~ciup khj Eycjkhì

fh \rferkg Cg|rf~igihz \akhp( Chnfrgkzcfh Gigfrkhjyg! K@SN'@O'CG'


26/179


\ircfj ^ Gfhczfrche _i|frz\kei ?0

Zmi `kpi ri`frj ri~ciu nfyhj ?: chpzkhìp fn pyopzkhzckzij gkazrikzgihz nczzche zmi nijirka

jinchczcfh kgfhe zmi ?!>5: `mcajrih ch `kri kz khs |fchz jyrche zmi ri|frzche |ircfj( Zmcp

ri|ripihzij kh cg|rf~igihz nrfg zmi ?5 pyopzkhzckzij gkazrikzgihz `kpip ch zmi nfyrzm

ri|frzche |ircfj( Zmi zs|i fn gkazrikzgihz pyopzkhzckzij nfr zmipi ?: `mcajrih `fhpcpzij fn4

chkji{ykzi py|ir~cpcfh kafhi -;: `mcajrih#2 |mspc`ka koypi -0 `mcajrih#2 igfzcfhka&|ps`mfafec`ka

hieai`z -0 `mcajrih#2 chkji{ykzi py|ir~cpcfh kafhe uczm fzmir koypi&hieai`z -? `mcajrih#2igfzcfhka koypi -; `mcaj#2 khj chkji{ykzi nffj! àfzmche! pmiazir -; `mcaj#(( Jyrche zmi ri|frzche

|ircfj! pc} fzmir àkpp'gigoir `mcajrih uiri zmi ~c`zcgp fn pyopzkhzckzij gkazrikzgihz zmkz jcj

hfz ncz zmi nijirka jinchczcfh fn gkazrikzgihz ch `kri( Zmrii fn zmipi `mcajrih uiri gkazrikzij os

zmicr ocfafec`ka gfzmir fh k mfacjks ~cpcz! zuf os k jks`kri |rf~cjir&okospczzir! khj fhi os k

riakzc~i -|kzirhka yhài#(

Zmi ji`rikpi ch zmi ncnzm |ircfj gkazrikzgihz ch `kri rkzi k||ikrp zf oi k nyh`zcfh fn pi~irka

chzir'riakzij nk`zfrp( Fhi fn zmipi nk`zfrp cp cg|rf~ij ri|frzche fn pyp|i`zij gkazrikzgihz ch

`kri kp k `fhpi{yihì fn ch`rikpij ~cpczkzcfh oizuiih `kpiufrbirp khj `mcajrih ch `kri!

jcp`yppij ch \krz ^! Uiaa'oiche( K pi`fhj nk`zfr cp k rijy`zcfh ch zmi hygoir fn `mcajrihch~fa~ij ch pyopzkhzckzij ri|frzp kekchpz `fheriekzi `kri pizzchep -erfy| mfgip khj ripcjihzcka

`kri nk`caczcip#( K zmcrj nk`zfr gks oi zmi cg|k`z fn pspzigc` `mkheip oiche cg|aigihzij kz zmi

Pzkzi khj `fyhzs ai~iap zf |ri~ihz gkazrikzgihz ch `kri(

Ch zmi K``fyhzkocaczs Keihzp \ircfj C^ Gfhczfrche _i|frz ! zmi ~ciu ukp i}|rippij zmkz zmi

cg|rf~igihz fn `kpiufrbir'`mcaj ~cpczkzcfh rkzip ukp jrc~che cg|rf~ij pyr~icaakhì fn `mcaj

pknizs khj k `fh`fgczkhz ch`rikpi ch gkazrikzgihz ch `kri ri|frzp chczckzij os JM_ pzknn(= Zmi

jkzk ch Nceyri CCC'; `fhzchyi zf py||frz zmkz ~ciu( Nceyri CCC'; pmfup zmkz zmi zfzka hygoir khj

zmi |rf|frzcfh fn kaa gkazrikzgihz ch `kri ri|frzp zmkz mk~i JM_ pzknn kp zmi ri|frzir pzikjcas

ch`rikpij ch ik`m fn zmi ncrpz zmrii ri|frzche |ircfj! kp zmi |rf|frzcfh fn `mcajrih riìc~che zuf

fr gfri `kpiufrbir ~cpczp |ir gfhzm kapf ch`rikpij( Kp ~cpczkzcfh rkzip `fhzchyij zf cg|rf~i

ch zmi nfyrzm khj ncnzm |ircfjp! zmi hygoir fn gkazrikzgihz ch `kri ri|frzp ai~iaij fnn oinfri

jiàchche! umcai zmi |rf|frzcfh fn py`m ri|frzp chczckzij os JM_ pzknn rigkchij kof~i zmi

okpiachi ai~iap fn zmi ncrpz khj pi`fhj ri|frzche |ircfjp( Zmi ji`rikpi ch gkazrikzgihz ch `kri

ri|frzp ch zmi ncnzm |ircfj gks pcehka zmkz zmcp cg|rf~ij `kpi'nchjche! zfeizmir uczm pfgi fn zmi

fzmir kjgchcpzrkzc~i `mkheip jcp`yppij oiafu! cp oiechhche zf bii| `mcajrih ch `kri pknir khj

zmirinfri! ripyazche ch niuir ri|frzp(

= Pii Jcgkp! D( Z( khj P( Gfrrcpfh! \ircfj C^ Gfhczfrche _i|frz! Bihhs K( ~ \irjyi! Gks ?


27/179


\ircfj ^ Gfhczfrche _i|frz\kei ?:

3;0

??

5

?9

0?

; |irìhz( Fyz`fgi ; ri{ycrip zmkz 39 |irìhz fn py`m ch~ipzcekzcfhp oi `fggihìj

uczmch ?: mfyrp( Kp jcp|aksij ch Zkoai CCC'?! JiBkao khj Nyazfh `fyhzcip `fggihìj 3>

|irìhz fn zmi ch~ipzcekzcfhp zmis `fg|aizij uczmch ?: mfyrp! umcai zmi ?:'mfyr `fggihìgihz

rkzi nfr zmi |ircgizir `fyhzcip ukp fhas 53 |irìhz( Zmcp ri|ripihzp k pyopzkhzcka cg|rf~igihz

ch zmi |irnfrgkhì fn JiBkao&Nyazfh khj zmi |ircgizir `fyhzcip `fg|krij zf zmicr nfyrzm

ri|frzche |ircfj ?:'mfyr ch~ipzcekzcfh `fggihìgihz rkzip fn 30 |irìhz khj 5? |irìhz!

rip|i`zc~ias(

Zmcp gikpyri `fyhzp fhas ch~ipzcekzcfhp ch umc`m kh kaaieij ~c`zcg cp piih nkì'zf'nkì os k

zrkchij @\P ch~ipzcekzfr fr os |facì uczmch ?: mfyrp( Zuf fn zmi icemz `kpip ch umc`m zmcp jcj

hfz mk||ih uiri ch~ipzcekzij os JiBkao fr Nyazfh @fyhzs! pc} os fzmir `fyhzcip( Ch nfyr fn

zmipi icemz `kpip! zmi kaaieij ~c`zcgp uiri piih khj rigf~ij os |rc~kzi keih`s pzknn nrfg zmi

|akìgihz pizzche oinfri fr kz zmi zcgi zmi kaaiekzcfh ukp gkji( Kazmfyem zmipi `kpip `fyhz kp

gcppip zfukrj Fyz`fgi ;! ch zirgp fn ihpyrche `mcaj pknizs cz cp cg|frzkhz zf ri`fehcti zmkz ch

5= fn zmi =? ch~ipzcekzcfhp -39)# zmi kaaieij ~c`zcg-p# uiri piih os fr rigf~ij nrfg |fzihzcka

rcpb os `mcaj uiankri |rfnippcfhkap uczmch ?: mfyrp( Zmcp ri|ripihzp kh cg|rf~igihz `fg|krij

zf zmi nfyrzm ri|frzche |ircfj umih 30 |irìhz fn kaaieij ~c`zcg-p# uiri piih os fr rigf~ij

nrfg |fzihzcka rcpb os `mcaj uiankri |rfnippcfhkap uczmch ?: mfyrp(

Zkoai CCC'?

Fyz`fgi ; @fggihìgihz fn Gkazrikzgihz ch @kri Ch~ipzcekzcfhp

H7=?

Ch~ipzcekzche

@fyhzs

Hfz @fggihìj Uczmch

?: Mfyrp

@fggihìj Uczmch ?:

Mfyrp

Zfzka

Hygoir fn

Ch~ipzcekzcfhp

\irìhz

fn Zfzka

Hygoir fn

Ch~ipzcekzcfhp

\irìhz

fn Zfzka

Hygoir fn

Ch~ipzcekzcfhp

\irìhz

fn Zfzka

JiBkao&Nyazfh ? :) 9? 3>) 9: ;


31/179


\ircfj ^ Gfhczfrche _i|frz\kei ?=

Zmi Pzkzi Niaa Pmfrz fn zmi Fyz`fgi ? Zmripmfaj

Nfr Fyz`fgi ?! 5> |irìhz fn gkazrikzgihz ch `kri ch~ipzcekzcfhp ->? fn =?# uiri `fg|aizij

uczmch 0< jksp k``frjche zf ncai ri~ciu jkzk nrfg kaa ch~ipzcekzcfhp `fg|aizij jyrche zmi

ri|frzche |ircfj( Zmcp ri|ripihzp kh cg|rf~igihz nrfg zmi nfyrzm ri|frzche |ircfj umih 5?|irìhz fn py`m ch~ipzcekzcfhp uiri `fg|aizij uczmch 0< jksp( -Khfzmir ;; `kpip! fr ;0 |irìhz!

uiri ch~ipzcekzij uczmch :9 jksp(# Fyz`fgi ? ri{ycrip zmkz 39 |irìhz fn py`m ch~ipzcekzcfhp oi

`fg|aizij! ch k``frjkhì uczm JN@P |fac`s! uczmch 0< jksp(

Nfr zmi ncnzm ri|frzche |ircfj zmi |irnfrgkhì fn JiBkao khj Nyazfh `fyhzcip ch zcgias

`fg|aizche ch~ipzcekzcfhp cg|rf~ij `fg|krij zf zmi nfyrzm ri|frzche |ircfj -nrfg 3?) zf

3:)#( Zmi |irnfrgkhì fn zmi |ircgizir `fyhzcip fh zmcp fyz`fgi kapf cg|rf~ij -nrfg 0:) zf

03)#! oyz rigkchij pyopzkhzckaas oiafu zmkz fn JiBkao khj Nyazfh( Zmi ncnzm |ircfj

|irnfrgkhì fn JiBkao! Nyazfh! khj zmi |ircgizir `fyhzcip cp jcp|aksij ch Zkoai CCC'0(

Zkoai CCC'0

Fyz`fgi ? Zcgias Ch~ipzcekzcfhp

H7=?

Ch~ipzcekzche

@fyhzs

@fg|aizij ch 8 0< Jksp @fg|aizij ch 0< Jksp Zfzka

Hygoir ) fn Zfzka Hygoir ) fn Zfzka Hygoir ) fn ZfzkaJiBkao&Nyazfh 0 >) 9; 3:) 9: ;


33/179




34/179


\ircfj ^ Gfhczfrche _i|frz\kei 0;

k( Chzir|rizkzcfh khj Gikpyrigihz

Zmi @fhpihz Ji`riip ypi fn zmi |mrkpi 1kaa nfpzir mfgip1( ;? cp f|irkzcfhkactij kp kaa nfpzir

mfgip uczm k àkpp gigoir ch `ypzfjs jyrche zmi ri|frzche |ircfj nfr gikpyrigihz |yr|fpip(

o( Pzkzi \irnfrgkhìZmi Pzkzi Pyr|kppij zmi Fyz`fgi > Zmripmfaj

Zmi pzkhjkrj nfr Fyz`fgi > ri{ycrip zmkz 3= |irìhz fn nfpzir mfgip oi uczmfyz kh ch`cjihz fn

`fr|frka |yhcpmgihz uczmch zmi |ri~cfyp ;?gfhzmp( Kp hfzij ch Zkoai CCC';! ;< nfpzir mfgi ri`frjp cjihzcncij zuf chpzkhìp nrfg

JiBkao @fyhzs ch umc`m kh kaaiekzcfh fn gkazrikzgihz k||ikrp zf mk~i oiih chk||rf|rckzias

p`riihij fyz os k nfpzir `kri ufrbir( Zmipi ch`cjihzp kri jip`rcoij oiafu4

K `mcaj |akìj uczm mir kyhz chnfrgij mir nfpzir `kri `kpi gkhkeir -N@@G# zmkz mir

kyhz mkj p|khbij mir( Zmi N@@G {yipzcfhij zmi kyhz kofyz zmi kaaiekzcfh khj zmi kyhzkjgczzij zmkz pmi pak||ij zmi `mcaj fh mir aie nfr ukabche kuks nrfg mir erfy| kz mir

jks`kri ìhzir khj mcjche nrfg i~irsfhi( Zmi N@@G i}kgchij zmi `mcaj khj nfyhj hf

orycpip fr gkrbp! khj `fhzk`zij mir py|ir~cpfr zf ri{yipz eycjkhì( Zmi py|ir~cpfr

-umf mkp pchì zrkhpnirrij zf k jcnnirihz `fyhzs# zfaj zmi N@@G zf rigchj zmi kyhz fn

zmi jcp`c|achi keriigihz pmi mkj pcehij khj zf chnfrg mir zmkz cn zmcp mk||ihij kekch

zmi `mcaj ufyaj oi rigf~ij nrfg mir mfgi( Zmi N@@G kapf rinirrij zmi kyhz zf k urk|

krfyhj pir~cìp |rf~cjir nfr `fyhpiache fh `f|che gizmfjp khj zi`mhc{yip pmi `fyaj

ypi zf mia| gkhkei zmi `mcajp oimk~cfr(

K `mcaj |akìj uczm gkzirhka erkhj|krihzp ch Zi}kp kaaieij zf mcp Zi}kp `kpi gkhkeirzmkz umcai |ri~cfypas ch zmi `kri fn k Eifreck |rf~cjir'py|ir~cpij nfpzir mfgi mi khj

mcp pcoachep uiri gkazrikzij( P|i`cnc`kaas! zmi `mcaj kaaieij zmkz zmis uiri gkji zf p`ryo

zmi pzkcr pzi|p uczm pfk| khj k p|fhei! zmkz zmis uiri pfgizcgip pihz zf oij uczmfyz

ikzche jchhir fr phk`bp! khj zmkz zmis uiri hfz ec~ih pmkg|ff zf ukpm zmicr mkcr( K

pcoache |akìj uczm zmi `mcaj ch Zi}kp k||krihzas `fh`yrrij ch zmi kaaiekzcfh2 kh fajir

pcoache umf rigkchij ch Eifreck ch zmi `kri fn k jcnnirihz |rf~cjir jihcij zf zmi N@@G

zmkz zmis uiri gkazrikzij khj k``ypij mir pcoache-p# fn asche! pksche zmi nfpzir |krihz

1ukp ~irs hcì zf yp! pmi zffb yp fyz zf ikz fh Pyhjksp! ums ufyaj zmis pks zmkz6

Zmi k``ypij nfpzir |krihz! umf ukp k ~cpczche ripfyrì nfr zmi `mcaj umf rigkchij ch

Eifreck khj mkj i}|rippij zmi jipcri zf kjf|z zmi `mcajrih cn |fppcoai |rfnippij zf af~i

zmig khj i}|rippij jcpoiacin zmkz zmis ufyaj gkbi py`m kh k``ypkzcfh( Zmi N@@G

chnfrgij zmi |rf~cjir keih`s `kpi gkhkeir khj jcri`zfr fn zmi kaaiekzcfh gkji os zmi

`mcajrih ch Zi}kp! oyz jcj hfz rinir zmi `kpi nfr k @\P ch~ipzcekzcfh okpij fh zmi iajipz

`mcajp jihcka fn oiche gkazrikzij(

K``frjche zf Pi`zcfh ;? K fn zmi @fhpihz Ji`rii khj zf JN@P |fac`s! cz k||ikrp zmkz ofzm fn

zmipi kaaiekzcfhp pmfyaj mk~i oiih rinirrij zf zmi @\P yhcz nfr kppippgihz khj p`riih'fyz fr

ch~ipzcekzcfh( Ik`m fn zmipi `kpip ukp rinirrij zf zmi JiBkao @fyhzs aikjirpmc| nfr nyrzmir

k`zcfh( Kp k `fhpi{yihì! zmi ufrbirp ch~fa~ij mk~i oiih `fyhpiaij fh k||rf|rckzi |rfìjyri

ch py`m `kpip2 py||aigihzkrs zrkchche nfr nfpzir `kri pzknn fh zmi ri{ycrigihzp fn JN@P \fac`s!

zmi @fhpihz Ji`rii! khj oipz |rk`zcì ch ch`cjihzp py`m kp zmipi mkp oiih `fg|aizij2 khj kP|i`cka Ch~ipzcekzcfhp rinirrka ukp gkji ch zmi pi`fhj `kpi khj k giizche uczm zmi |rf~cjir

zmkz py|ir~cpij zmcp nfpzir mfgi ukp miaj zf jcp`ypp zmi kaaiekzcfhp( Okpij fh k `krinya ~izzche

fn ik`m fn zmipi `kpip khj zmicr p|i`cnc`p! zmi K``fyhzkocaczs Keihzp kri pkzcpncij zmkz zmis

ri|ripihz cpfakzij ch`cjihzp khj kri hfz chjc`kzc~i fn k pspzigc` |rfoaig( Nyzyri ncai ri~ciup

ucaa `fhzchyi zf p`ryzchcti |akìgihz ncaip nfr `fg|ackhì uczm zmi ri{ycrigihzp fn Pi`zcfh ;? K

zf ihpyri zmkz kaaiekzcfhp fn gkazrikzgihz ch nfpzir `kri kri jikaz uczm k||rf|rckzias(


36/179



o( Ch~ipzcekzcfhp @fhjy`zij ch K``frjkhì uczm Pzkzi Pzkhjkrjp

Pi`zcfh ;?(K( fn zmi @fhpihz Ji`rii pzkzip zmkz Kaa 1 ri|frzp fn pyp|i`zij koypi fr hieai`z fn`mcajrih ch nfpzir `kri pmkaa oi ch~ipzcekzij os JN@P `mcaj |rfzi`zc~i pir~cìp pzknn ch zmi

gkhhir khj uczmch zmi zcgi nrkgi |rf~cjij os aku khj JN@P |fac`s(;: JN@P |fac`s fh

gkazrikzgihz ch `kri ch~ipzcekzcfhp -umc`m kri `fhpcjirij P|i`cka Ch~ipzcekzcfhp# cp `fhzkchij

ch Pi`zcfh ?; fn zmi Pf`cka Pir~cìp Gkhyka(;9 Pi`zcfh ?; `fhzkchp eycjkhì fh zmi gkhs

kp|i`zp fn |rf|iras `fhjy`zche P|i`cka Ch~ipzcekzcfhp! py`m kp pi|krkzias chzir~ciuche zmi

|krzcip ch~fa~ij! gkbche zuf `faakzirka `fhzk`zp! i~kaykzche zmi acbiacmffj fn `fhzchyij pknizs!

iz`( Ch kaa! Pi`zcfh ?; `fhzkchp gfri zmkh ;9< jcp`rizi ri{ycrigihzp |irzkchche zf P|i`cka

Ch~ipzcekzcfhp( Zmi |krzc`yakr ri{ycrigihzp ~krs ji|ihjche fh zmi zs|i fn |akìgihz pizzche

oiche ch~ipzcekzij(

Zmi ncai ri~ciu fn gkazrikzgihz ch `kri ch~ipzcekzcfhp i}|afrij zmi i}zihz zf umc`m zmi

ch~ipzcekzcfhp `fg|aizij jyrche zmi ncnzm ri|frzche |ircfj uiri `fhjy`zij ch k``frjkhì uczm

zmi ch~ipzcekzc~i pzkhjkrjp `fhzkchij ch Pi`zcfh ?;( -Zmi i}zihz zf umc`m py`m ch~ipzcekzcfhp

`fg|frz uczm zmi ri{ycrij zcginrkgip cp kjjrippij ch zmi jcp`yppcfh fn Fyz`fgip ; khj ?!

kof~i(# Zmi ripyazp kri |ripihzij ch Zkoai CCC'9 nfr zmi ;; ch~ipzcekzc~i pzkhjkrjp `fggfh zf

gfpz |akìgihz zs|ip( Zmi |irìhzkeip ri|frzij ch Zkoai CCC'9 ri|ripihz zmi hygoir fn

chpzkhìp nfr umc`m zmi ch~ipzcekzc~i ncai jf`ygihzkzcfh ukp kji{ykzi zf |rf~cji k `fhàypc~i!

knncrgkzc~i rip|fhpi(

;: Pii |( ?= fn zmi @fhpihz Ji`rii;9 Pf`cka Pir~cìp Gkhyka! @mk|zir ?;


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\ircfj ^ Gfhczfrche _i|frz\kei 0:

Zkoai CCC'9

\rf|frzcfh fn Ch~ipzcekzcfhp Giizche \fac`s _i{ycrigihzp

-H pmfuh cp nfr Ncnzm \ircfj `kpip khj ~krcip okpij fh

|akìgihz pizzche khj fzmir `kpi `mkrk`zircpzc`p#

Ch~ipzcekzcfh \fac`s _i{ycrigihz\irìhz fn K||ac`koai Ncaip uczm

Jf`ygihzkzcfh fn @fg|ackhì

Nfyrzm \ircfj Ncnzm \ircfj

Ch~ipzcekzfr pku&chzir~ciuij i~irs kaaieij gkazrikzij

`mcaj pi|krkzias -H7=?#35) 33)

@fhzchyij pknizs fn zmi `mcaj-rih# |akìj ch zmi mfgi ukp

kji{ykzias i~kaykzij khj kppippij -H7=?#39) 39)

Ch~ipzcekzfr ri~ciuij zmi JN@P mcpzfrs fn zmi nfpzir

|krihz&`kriec~ir -H795#33) =9)

Ncai `fhzkchp |mspc`ka i~cjihì zf py||frz `kpi

jf`ygihzkzcfh -H7>9#9>) =?)

Ch~ipzcekzfr pku&chzir~ciuij ik`m fn zmi fzmir `mcajrih

-hfh'kaaieij ~c`zcgp# pi|krkzias -H7>>#=3)

Pfyrì4 @kpi ncai ri~ciu fn kaa ch~ipzcekzcfhp `fg|aizij Dkhykrs ; Dyhi 0

Kp rinai`zij ch Zkoai CCC'9! `fg|krij zf zmi nfyrzm ri|frzche |ircfj! zmi ncnzm ri|frzche |ircfj

pmfuij i~cjihì fn ucjip|rikj! khj ch gkhs `kpip! pyopzkhzcka cg|rf~igihz ch `fg|ackhì

uczm zmi chjc~cjyka ch~ipzcekzc~i |fac`s ri{ycrigihzp( Zmcp cp ch `fhzrkpz zf |ri~cfyp ri|frzche

|ircfjp! umc`m pmfuij aczzai `mkhei nrfg |ircfj'zf'|ircfj ch zmipi `fg|ackhì rkzip(

Zmi `kpi ri`frj ri~ciu nfyhj i~cjihì fn pyopzkhzcka cg|rf~igihz -icemz |irìhzkei |fchzp fr

gfri# nfr nc~i fn zmipi ;; |fac`s ri{ycrigihzp4 ncai `fhzkchp |mspc`ka i~cjihì zf py||frz `kpi

jf`ygihzkzcfh2 kz aikpz zuf riai~khz `faakzirka pfyrìp `fhzk`zij jyrche zmi ch~ipzcekzcfh 2 kaa k||rf~ij

nfpzir |krihzp&`kriec~irp chzir~ciuij pi|krkzias2 kaa fzmir kjyazp nri{yihzas ch zmi mfgi chzir~ciuij

pi|krkzias2 khj kaaieij gkazrikzir ukp chzir~ciuij pi|krkzias( Nfr zmrii fn zmi ch~ipzcekzc~i |fac`s

ri{ycrigihzp i~cjihì fn gfjipz cg|rf~igihz -zuf zf zmrii |irìhzkei |fchzp# ukp k||krihz4


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ch~ipzcekzfr ri~ciuij zmi JN@P mcpzfrs fn zmi nfpzir |krihz&`kriec~ir 2 ch~ipzcekzfr ri~ciuij |ri~cfyp

@\P ri|frzp nfr nfpzir |krihzp&`kriec~irp2 khj ch~ipzcekzfr pku&chzir~ciuij i~irs kaaieij gkazrikzij

`mcaj pi|krkzias(

Cz cp hfz |fppcoai zf bhfu uczm khs jierii fn ìrzkchzs umizmir zmi ucjip|rikj cg|rf~igihz ch

i~cjihì fn `fg|ackhì uczm zmipi |fac`s ri{ycrigihzp rinai`zp cg|rf~ij |rk`zcì ch zmi nciaj!cg|rf~ij jf`ygihzkzcfh fn zmkz |rk`zcì! cg|rf~igihzp ch zmi àkrczs fn zmi ncai ri~ciu

chpzrygihz khj zmi zrkchche kppf`ckzij uczm cz! fr k `fgochkzcfh fn zmipi nk`zfrp( Kaa zmrii

nk`zfrp mk~i oiih zmi nf`yp fn kzzihzcfh os zmi JM_ ìhzrka fnncì Bihhs K( Zikg2 JiBkao!

Nyazfh! khj zmi |ircgizir `fyhzcip2 khj zmi K``fyhzkocaczs Keihzp khj ncai ri~ciu zikg jyrche

zmi |kpz ;? gfhzmp khj cz cp acbias zmkz kaa zmrii nk`zfrp `fhzrcoyzij zf zmcp ~irs |fpczc~i

ji~iaf|gihz(

Nfr zmi rigkchche zmrii ch~ipzcekzc~i |fac`s ri{ycrigihzp R`fhzchyij pknizs fn zmi `mcaj-rih# |akìj

ch zmi mfgi ukp kji{ykzias i~kaykzij khj kppippij! JN@P `kpi gkhkeirp ri{ycrij zf ~cpcz ch zmcp nfpzir

`kri pizzche uiri `fhzk`zij ! khj ch~ipzcekzfr pku&chzir~ciuij ik`m fn zmi fzmir `mcajrih -hfh'kaaieij

~c`zcgp# pi|krkziasW i~cjihì fn `fg|ackhì rigkchij ippihzckaas yh`mkheij nrfg zmi nfyrzm|ircfj( Nfr zuf fn zmipi ;; pzkhjkrjp! Pzkzi `fg|ackhì ukp nfyhj zf oi oiafu =< |irìhz( Ofzm

fn zmipi czigp kppippij umizmir |krzc`yakr chjc~cjykap -fzmir `mcajrih Rhfh'kaaieij ~c`zcgpW! fr

fzmir kjyazp nri{yihzas ch zmi mfgi# uiri chzir~ciuij pi|krkzias( Kp ch |ri~cfyp ri|frzche

|ircfjp! cz ukp fnzih zmi `kpi zmkz zmi ncai gkji cz àikr zmkz zmipi chjc~cjykap uiri chzir~ciuij!

oyz zmi jf`ygihzkzcfh ukp ch`fhàypc~i kofyz umizmir zmfpi chzir~ciup uiri `fhjy`zij

|rc~kzias( Ch kjjczcfh! zmi JN@P \fac`s Gkhyka p|i`cncip k pacemzas jcnnirihz ch~ipzcekzc~i

pzkhjkrj uczm rip|i`z zf fzmir kjyazp ch zmi mfgi nfr JN@P 'py|ir~cpij nfpzir mfgip khj nfr

|rf~cjir'py|ir~cpij nfpzir mfgip(;> Zmcp jcpzch`zcfh ukp hfz ri`fehctij ch zmcp! fr |ri~cfyp ncai

ri~ciu chpzrygihzp khj cz cp yhàikr zf umkz i}zihz zmkz gks mk~i `fhzrcoyzij zf zmi afuir

`fg|ackhì rkzip fopir~ij( Zmi K``fyhzkocaczs Keihzp ucaa kjjripp zmipi jcp`ri|khz jinchczcfhpch zmi pc}zm |ircfj ncai ri~ciu chpzrygihzp(

`( _inirrkap fn _i|frzp fn Gkazrikzgihz ch @kri zf zmi Fnncì fn _ieyakzfrs

Pir~cìp! zmi \rf~cjir _iakzcfhp Yhcz! khj zmi JN@P \fac`s Fnncì

JN@P |fac`s ri{ycrip `fyhzcip! kz zmi `fhàypcfh fn gkazrikzgihz ch `kri ch~ipzcekzcfhp! zf pihj

kh Kjgchcpzrkzc~i \k`biz jizkcache zmi ch`cjihz khj nchjchep zf zmi Pf`cka Pir~cìp Jcri`zfr

uczmch zih jksp( Cn zmi ch`cjihz f``yrrij ch k |rf~cjir'py|ir~cpij nfpzir `kri pizzche! kh

ch~ipzcekzc~i pyggkrs cp kapf zf oi pihz zf F_P khj \_Y(

Pi`zcfh ;? O fn zmi @fhpihz Ji`rii ri{ycrip kaa ri|frzp fn pyp|i`zij koypi fr hieai`z fn nfpzir

`mcajrih ch chpzczyzcfhka! erfy|! ripcjihzcka! fr |rc~kzi |rf~cjir'py|ir~cpij nfpzir nkgcas mfgi

pizzchep zf oi rinirrij zf khj ri~ciuij os zmi Fnncì fn _ieyakzfrs Pir~cìp -F_P# khj zmi

;> Ch JN@P'py|ir~cpij nfpzir mfgip zmi pzkhjkrj cp fzmir kjyazp nri{yihzas ch zmi mfgi2 ch |rf~cjir py|ir~cpij

nfpzir mfgip zmi pzkhjkrj cp pcg|as fzmir kjyazp ch zmi mfgi( Pii Pf`cka Pir~cìp Gkhyka! Pi`zcfhp ?;(= khj

?;(;5! Eifreck Ji|z( fn Mygkh _ipfyrìp! Dyas ?


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\ircfj ^ Gfhczfrche _i|frz\kei 0>

\rf~cjir _iakzcfhp Yhcz -\_Y#(;5 Zmi |yr|fpi fn zmi ri~ciu p|i`cncij ch zmi @fhpihz Ji`rii cp

1zf jizirgchi umizmir k |kzzirh fn koypi fr hieai`z i}cpzp uczmch1 $zmi |rf~cjir keih`s"1(

zmkz `fhzrcoyzij zf zmi koypi fr hieai`z2 umizmir zmi `fhzrk`z pmfyaj oi zirgchkzij2 umizmir

|krzc`yakr mfgip fr nk`caczcip pmfyaj oi àfpij1(;=

@fg|ackhì uczm zmcp ri{ycrigihz mkp oiih k `fhìrh zf zmi K``fyhzkocaczs Keihzp pchì zmincrpz ri|frzche |ircfj( Kazmfyem pfgi cg|rf~igihzp uiri cjihzcncij ch zmi zmcrj khj nfyrzm

|ircfjp ch zirgp fn ri|frzche zf F_P! khj ch zmi nfyrzm |ircfj uczm rip|i`z zf ri|frzche zf \_Y!

f~irkaa zmi K``fyhzkocaczs Keihzp `fhàyjij zmkz pyopzkhzcka cg|rf~igihz ch ofzm ri|frzche

khj jf`ygihzkzcfh ukp hiijij ch riekrj zf \_Y khj zmi JN@P \fac`s Fnncì! ip|i`ckaas ch acemz

fn zmi @fhpihz Ji`riip ch`rikpcheas pzrcheihz pzkhjkrjp nfr gkazrikzgihz ch `kri( Cg|rf~che

zmi `fg|aizihipp fn gkazrikzgihz ch `kri ri|frzche zf zmi zmrii pzkziucji fnncìp rip|fhpcoai nfr

cjihzcnsche gkazrikzgihz ch `kri |kzzirhp cp riekrjij kp `rczc`ka zf zmi Pzkzip kocaczs zf

py`ìppnyaas |ri~ihz gkazrikzgihz ch `kri( Nfr \ircfj ^! jkzk uiri kekch `faai`zij jcri`zas

nrfg F_P! \_Y! khj zmi JN@P \fac`s Fnncì zf kpìrzkch umc`m gkazrikzgihz ri|frzp ch~fa~che

nfpzir `mcajrih mkj oiih ri|frzij zf ik`m fnncì(

Nfr zmi ncnzm |ircfj! jkzk `faai`zij jcri`zas nrfg zmi JN@P \fac`s Fnncì chjc`kzi zmkz zmi Fnncì

riìc~ij kh kjgchcpzrkzc~i |k`biz nfr =< -3=)# fn zmi =? ncnzm |ircfj gkazrikzgihz ch `kri

ch~ipzcekzcfhp `fg|aizij jyrche zmi ri|frzche |ircfj( Zmcp ri|ripihzij k pyopzkhzcka

cg|rf~igihz nrfg zmi nfyrzm |ircfj umih zmi \fac`s Fnncì ukp hfzcncij fn fhas 0; fn 30

ch~ipzcekzcfhp -00)#( Zmcp cg|rf~igihz k||ikrp zf mk~i oiih jrc~ih os zmi `fhìrzij innfrz fn

zmi @ihzrka Fnncì Bihhs K( pzknn zf ihpyri zmkz `fyhzcip zmkz mkj hfz gkji zmi ri{ycrij ri|frzp

jcj pf! khj zmkz i~irs ri|frz pyogczzij ukp k``yrkzias rinai`zij ch zmi \fac`s Fnncìp chzirhka

zrk`bche pspzig( Mfui~ir! fhas nfyr fn zmi ri|frzp riìc~ij nfr zmi ncnzm ri|frzche |ircfj uiri

pihz uczmch zmi ;< jks uchjfu p|i`cncij os JN@P |fac`s(;3 Zkoai CCC'> jcp|aksp jkzk fh `fyhzs

ri|frzche fn gkazrikzgihz ch `kri ch~ipzcekzcfhp zf zmi JN@P \fac`s Fnncì(

;5 F_P acìhpip `mcaj |ak`che keih`cip -@\K! `mcaj `krche chpzczyzcfhp -@@C! khj fyzjffr zmirk|iyzc` |rferkgp

-FZ\( ZPY k||rf~ip @\Kp! @@Cp! khj FZ\p ucpmche zf pir~i JN@P `mcajrih fhì zmis mk~i oiih acìhpij os

F_P(;= Pii Pi`zcfh ;? O! |( ?= fn zmi @fhpihz Ji`rii;3 Pf`cka Pir~cìp Gkhyka! Pi`zcfh ?;(;;! Eifreck Ji|z( fn Mygkh _ipfyrìp! Dyas ?


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Zkoai CCC'>

\fac`s Yhcz Hfzcnc`kzcfh fn Ncnzm \ircfj Gkazrikzgihz ch @kri Ch~ipzcekzcfhp

H7=?

Ch~ipzcekzche

@fyhzs

Zfzka Ch~ipzcekzcfhp Hfzcncij Hfz Hfzcncij

Hygoir Hygoir ) fn Zfzka Hygoir ) fn ZfzkaJiBkao 0: 0: ;


41/179


\ircfj ^ Gfhczfrche _i|frz\kei 0=

Zkoai CCC'5

Fnncì fn _ieyakzfrs Pir~cìp Hfzcnc`kzcfh fn Gkazrikzgihz ch @kri Ch~ipzcekzcfhp

H790

Pfyrì4 Py||aigihzka Hfzcnc`kzcfh Pyr~is fn @\P Ch~ipzcekzcfhp ch Nfpzir @kri Pizzchep @fg|aizij

Dkhykrs ; Dyhi 0

JiBkao @fyhzs `fhjy`zij zmi akreipz hygoir fn gkazrikzgihz ch `kri ch~ipzcekzcfhp ch|rf~cjir'py|ir~cpij pizzchep kz ;3( Pi~ihziih fn zmipi -=3)# uiri ri|frzij zf F_P2 zuf uiri

hfz( Zmcp ri|ripihzp kh cg|rf~igihz nrfg zmi nfyrzm |ircfj umih JiBkao @fyhzs hfzcncij

F_P fn =0 |irìhz fn 0< ch~ipzcekzcfhp( Nyazfh @fyhzs! umc`m mkp gkhs niuir |rf~cjir'

py|ir~cpij nfpzir `kri pizzchep zmkh JiBkao! `fhjy`zij icemz gkazrikzgihz ch `kri

ch~ipzcekzcfhp ch zmipi pizzchep khj hfzcncij F_P fn kaa icemz -;?)# fn zmi 90 gkazrikzgihz ch `kri ch~ipzcekzcfhp ch

Ch~ipzcekzche@fyhzs

Zfzka Ch~ipzcekzcfhp Hfzcncij Hfz HfzcncijHygoir Hygoir ) fn Zfzka Hygoir ) fn Zfzka

JiBkao ;3 ;5 =3) ? ;;)

Nyazfh = = ;


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|rf~cjir'py|ir~cpij pizzchep( Zmcp ri|ripihzp kh cg|rf~igihz nrfg zmi nfyrzm ri|frzche |ircfj

umih \_Y ukp hfzcncij fn 9; |ir`ihz fn py`m ch~ipzcekzcfhp! siz rigkchp nkr zff afu( Zkoai CCC'

= jcp|aksp jkzk fh `fyhzs ri|frzche fn gkazrikzgihz ch `kri ch~ipzcekzcfhp zf \_Y(

Zkoai CCC'=

\rf~cjir _iakzcfhp Yhcz Hfzcnc`kzcfh fn Gkazrikzgihz ch @kri Ch~ipzcekzcfhpH790

Pfyr`i4 Py||aigihzka Hfzcnc`kzcfh Pyr~is fn @\P Ch~ipzcekzcfhp ch Nfpzir @kri Pizzchep @fg|aizij

Dkhykrs ; Dyhi 0

Okajuch! Ocoo! @akszfh! @foo! Jfyeakp! Mfypzfh! khj Zrfy| `fyhzcip kaa mkj \_Y hfzcnc`kzcfh

rkzip fn ;


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\ircfj ^ Gfhczfrche _i|frz\kei :< fn zmi ;>< nfpzir

mfgi ri`frjp pkg|aij -;


44/179


\ircfj ^ Gfhczfrche _i|frz\kei :;

nfpzir |krihzp yhjirpzffj khj keriij zf `fg|as uczm JN@P |rfmcoczcfh fh zmi ypi fn `fr|frka

|yhcpmgihz( Zmcp cp kofyz zmi pkgi kp zmi nfyrzm |ircfj |irnfrgkhì fn 33 |irìhz(

o( Ihnfrìgihz fn @fr|frka \yhcpmgihz \rfmcoczcfh

Ihnfrìgihz fn zmcp |rf~cpcfh ch JN@P py|ir~cpij mfgip cp `krrcij fyz os zmi @fyhzs JN@Pfnncìp( Ihnfrìgihz ch |rc~kzi |rf~cjir |akìgihzp cp `krrcij fyz os zmi `mcaj |ak`che keih`s

-@\K#! Fnncì fn _ieyakzfrs Pir~cìp -F_P#! khj zmi \rf~cjir _iakzcfhp Yhcz -\_Y#( F_P

ri{ycrip @\Kp! @mcaj @krche Chpzczyzcfhp! khj Fyzjffr @mcaj @krche \rferkgp zf mk~i urczzih

|fac`cip |rfmcoczche `fr|frka |yhcpmgihz kp k `fhjczcfh fn acìhpyri( F_P gfhczfrp `fg|ackhì

uczm zmcp ri{ycrigihz os gikhp fn k |ri'acìhpyri ri~ciu fn kaa |rf~cjir |fac`cip( Zmis kapf

ri~ciu zmi @\K ncaip zf `fhncrg zmkz zmis mk~i ri~ciuij zmi JN@P jcp`c|achkrs |fac`s uczm zmi

|rc~kzi nfpzir mfgip zmis py|ir~cpi(

\_Y ri{ycrip |rf~cjirp zf rinrkch nrfg ypche `fr|frka |yhcpmgihz kp |krz fn zmi _ffg Ofkrj

Ukz`mnya F~irpcemz -_OUF# \rf~cjir @fhzrk`z! zmi Nfpzir Mfgi Gchcgyg Pzkhjkrjp! khj zmi\rfp|i`zc~i \rf~cjir K||ac`kzcfh( \_Y ihnfrìp zmcp |rfmcoczcfh zmrfyem {ykrziras pczi ~cpczp zf

@\Kp khj zf k pkg|ai fn zmi nfpzir mfgip zmis py|ir~cpi! khj zmrfyem ri~ciuche k pkg|ai fn

zmi nfpzir mfgi ncaip zmi @\Kp gkchzkch( \_Yp `yrrihz ~cpczkzcfh pzrkzies cp zf ~cpcz ;


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\ircfj ^ Gfhczfrche _i|frz\kei :?

oiekh kp `fr|frka |yhcpmgihz kaaiekzcfhp( Fhi fn zmi pc} ch~ipzcekzcfhp `fg|aizij jyrche zmi

ncnzm |ircfj zmkz oiekh uczm kh kaaiekzcfh fn `fr|frka |yhcpmgihz ukp pyopzkhzckzij( Zmcp `kpi

f``yrrij ch k hfh'nfpzir riakzc~i |akìgihz nrfg umc`m zmi `mcaj ukp rigf~ij kz zmi zcgi fn zmi

ri|frz( Kgfhe zmi rigkchche nc~i `kpip4 zuf uiri |akìj fh `frri`zc~i k`zcfh |akhp2 ch fhi!

kazmfyem hf jcp`c|achkrs fr |fac`s ~cfakzcfhp uiri cjihzcncij zmi ji`cpcfh ukp gkji kz zmi `kpi

pzknnche zf rigf~i zmi kaaieij ~c`zcg pf zmiri ufyaj oi niuir sfyhe `mcajrih ch zmi mfgi2 khjhf nyrzmir k`zcfh ukp zkbih ch zuf `kpip(

j( P`riihche khj Ch~ipzcekzcfh fn @fr|frka \yhcpmgihz Kaaiekzcfhp

Kaaiekzcfhp fn `fr|frka |yhcpmgihz gypz oi p`riihij os {ykacncij @\P -rkzmir zmkh nfpzir `kri#

pzknn( Ji|ihjche fh zmi p`riihche `fhàypcfhp! zmi kaaiekzcfhp gks oi rip|fhjij zf jcnnirihzas(

Umiri rikpfhkoai `kypi i}cpzp zf oiaci~i koypi fr hieai`z f``yrrij! fr cn zmi kaaiekzcfhp krfpi ch

k erfy| `kri pizzche! zmi kaaiekzcfhp gypz oi zrikzij kp kh koypi rinirrka khj ch~ipzcekzij

k``frjcheas( Cn zmi p`riihir `fhàyjip zmkz rikpfhkoai `kypi jfip hfz i}cpz! zmi @fhpihz Ji`rii

ri{ycrip k zcgias kppippgihz fn zmi kaaiekzcfhp khj |ak`che mfajp fh khs nyrzmir |akìgihzpyhzca zmi kppippgihz cp `fg|aizi( Cz kapf pzc|yakzip `fhjczcfhp yhjir umc`m mfgip gypz oi

àfpij! khj `fhjczcfhp yhjir umc`m mfgip gks rigkch f|ih yhjir k `frri`zc~i k`zcfh |akh(

Chzir~ciup uczm zmi P|i`cka Ch~ipzcekzcfhp yhczp ch JiBkao khj Nyazfh @fyhzcip chjc`kzi zmkz

ofzm `fyhzcip kri mkhjache kaaiekzcfhp fn `fr|frka |yhcpmgihz `fhpcpzihz uczm zmipi @fhpihz

Ji`rii |rf~cpcfhp( Ofzm `fyhzcip ypi i}|ircihìj @\P py|ir~cpfrp zf kppipp ch`fgche `fr|frka

|yhcpmgihz kaaiekzcfhp( Ch JiBkao! kaa `fg|akchzp fn khs bchj fn |mspc`ka jcp`c|achi fn nfpzir

`mcajrih kri kyzfgkzc`kaas rinirrij zf zmi @\P P|i`cka Ch~ipzcekzcfhp yhcz uczm k ?: mfyr

rip|fhpi zcgi( Ch Nyazfh @fyhzs! ch`fgche `fg|akchzp kri p`riihij os zmi @\P Chzkbi Yhcz2

zmfpi pmfuche rikpfhkoai `kypi kri ch~ipzcekzij os zmi P|i`cka Ch~ipzcekzcfhp Yhcz uczm k ?:

mfyr rip|fhpi zcgi( Zmfpi ak`bche rikpfhkoai `kypi kri iczmir p`riihij fyz fr rinirrij zf zmi

_ipfyrì Ji~iaf|gihz Yhcz cn cz cp k JN@P'py|ir~cpij nfpzir mfgi( Ch`cjihzp zmkz f``yr ch

|rf~cjir'py|ir~cpij nfpzir mfgip kri ch~ipzcekzij os zmi P|i`cka Ch~ipzcekzcfhp Yhcz khj kri

rinirrij zf zmi Fnncì fn _ieyakzfrs Pir~cìp -F_P#( Ch ofzm `fyhzcip! khs `fg|akchz fn `fr|frka

|yhcpmgihz fn `mcajrih ch erfy| mfgip kyzfgkzc`kaas riìc~ip k @\P ch~ipzcekzcfh(

Kp hfzij kof~i! zmi ri~ciu fn kaa gkazrikzgihz ch `kri ch~ipzcekzcfhp nfyhj pc} @\P

ch~ipzcekzcfhp |rfg|zij os kh kaaiekzcfh fn `fr|frka |yhcpmgihz2 zuf ch JN@P'py|ir~cpij

nfpzir mfgip! zuf ch |rf~cjir'py|ir~cpij nfpzir mfgip! khj zuf ch riakzc~i |akìgihzp( Fn

zmipi pc}4

> -;


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\ircfj ^ Gfhczfrche _i|frz\kei :0

Zmi zuf ch~ipzcekzcfhp ch |rc~kzias'py|ir~cpij nfpzir mfgip uiri `fg|krkoai zf zmi nfyrzm

|ircfj jyrche umc`m zmrii ch~ipzcekzcfhp ch |rc~kzi `kri pizzchep uiri |ri`c|czkzij os `fr|frka

|yhcpmgihz kaaiekzcfhp( Jf`ygihzkzcfh chjc`kzip zmkz ofzm F_P khj \_Y uiri hfzcncij fn ofzm

fn zmipi ch~ipzcekzcfhp! oyz hfzcncij fn zmi ch~ipzcekzc~i `fhàypcfh nfr fhas fhi fn zmig(

Ch ofzm @fyhzcip! `fr|frka |yhcpmgihz kaaiekzcfhp kekchpz JN@P'py|ir~cpij nfpzir mfgip zmkz

jf hfz giiz zmi `rczirck nfr k @\P ch~ipzcekzcfh riìc~i kh kppippgihz( Zmi _ipfyrì

Ji~iaf|gihz pzknn ch ik`m `fyhzs `fhjy`z zmi kppippgihz ch zmi mfgi khj ji`cji cn zmi mfgi

pmfyaj oi àfpij! |akìj yhjir k `frri`zc~i k`zcfh |akh! fr cn `fyhpiache fr fzmir py||frz

pir~cìp kri hiijij( Umcai zmi kppippgihz cp oiche `fhjy`zij! zmi mfgi cp zf oi |akìj fh

mfaj -okrrij nrfg riìc~che kjjczcfhka |akìgihzp#( Ofzm `fyhzcip chjc`kzij zmkz cn zmi

kaaiekzcfh ri~ikaij k |fac`s ~cfakzcfh zmkz mkj k jcri`z cg|k`z fh pknizs fr ri|ripihzij k pircfyp

rcpb! zmis ufyaj pihj zmi `kpi zf @\P khj k p|i`cka ch~ipzcekzcfh ufyaj oi f|ihij( Ofzm

`fyhzcip kapf chjc`kzij zmkz cn k |fac`s ~cfakzcfh ukp k mfgip pi`fhj ~cfakzcfh! fr zmi nkgcas

ukp hfz kgihkoai zf `mkhei! zmi mfgi ufyaj oi àfpij(

Ch ofzm @fyhzcip! kaa kaaiekzcfhp fn `fr|frka |yhcpmgihz ch |rf~cjir'py|ir~cpij nfpzir mfgip

kri mkhjaij os zmi P|i cka Ch~ipzcekzcfhp yhcz( @kpip zmkz nkca zf giiz zmi `rczirck nfr k @\P

ch~ipzcekzcfh riìc~i kh kppippgihz nrfg zmi P|i`cka Ch~ipzcekzcfhp yhcz( Zmi ripyazp fn zmfpi

kppippgihzp kri ri|frzijas pmkrij uczm F_P(

@( Fzmir Pzkzi&@fyhzs K`zcfhp zf Ihpyri @mcaj Pknizs

Pyopi{yihz zf zmi àfpi fn zmi nfyrzm ri|frzche |ircfj! zmi Pzkzi |ri|krij k pyggkrs fn zmi`frri`zc~i k`zcfhp zkbih uczm rip|i`z zf zmi nfpzir mfgip khj nk`caczcip zmkz uiri rip|fhpcoai nfr

zmi ;= pyopzkhzckzij ri|frzp fn gkazrikzgihz ch~ipzcekzij jyrche zmi nfyrzm ri|frzche |ircfj!

ch~fa~che k zfzka fn ?5 `mcaj ~c`zcgp( Ch nc~i fn zmipi `kpip -ch~fa~che nc~i kaaieij ~c`zcgp#! kh

kjgchcpzrkzc~i ri~ciu os zmi JN@P \fac`s Fnncì nfyhj zmkz zmi i~cjihì ch zmi `kpi jcj hfz

dypzcns k pyopzkhzckzcfh fn gkazrikzgihz ch `kri -ch nfyr fn zmipi nc~i `kpip cz ukp jizirgchij!

mfui~ir! zmkz k |fac`s fr ryai ~cfakzcfh mkj f``yrrij khj ihnfrìgihz k`zcfhp uiri zkbih fh

zmkz okpcp#( Cn zmi nc~i kaaieij ~c`zcgp ch zmipi `kpip kri i}àyjij nrfg zmi zfzka fn ?5

pyopzkhzckzij ~c`zcgp fn gkazrikzgihz ri|frzij nfr zmi nfyrzm ri|frzche |ircfj! zmi ripyazche

gkazrikzgihz ch `kri rkzi -Fyz`fgi 9# nfr zmkz |ircfj ufyaj oi


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\ircfj ^ Gfhczfrche _i|frz\kei ::

Icemz nfpzir mfgip uiri àfpij2

Zmrii nk`caczcip jcpgcppij fhi fr gfri pzknn gigoirp! keriij zf cg|aigihz @frri`zc~i

K`zcfh \akhp yhjir F_P py|ir~cpcfh! khj pyopi{yihzas uiri nfyhj zf oi ch pyopzkhzcka

`fg|ackhì uczm zmi zirgp fn zmfpi |akhp2

Fhi nk`caczs ukp pyp|ihjij khj JM_&JN@P ihjij czp `fhzrk`z uczm zmi nk`caczs2Fhi nk`caczs |rf~cjij pi|krkzi |rfzi`zcfh nfr zmi ~c`zcg `mcaj khj zmi |ir|izrkzfr ukp

i~ihzykaas gf~ij zf zmi _iecfhka Sfyzm Jizihzcfh @ihzir(

Ch kjjczcfh! JM_ mkp riìhzas yhjirzkbih kh chzihpc~i innfrz zf ri'i}kgchi zmi pyopzkhzckzij

gkazrikzgihz ch `kri ch~ipzcekzcfhp nrfg zmi zmcrj khj nfyrzm ri|frzche |ircfjp uczm zmi chzihz

fn `faai`zche kjjczcfhka jkzk! cjihzcnsche |kzzirhp! khj kppippche mfu pcgcakr `kpip gcemz oi

|ri~ihzij ch zmi nyzyri(


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\krz C^ \I_GKHIH@S@mcajrih ch @kri Gkchzkch Nkgcas @fhhi`zcfhp khj K`mci~i \irgkhih`s

Pi~irka fn zmi @fhpihz Ji`rii fyz`fgip khj |rk`zcì ri{ycrigihzp nf`yp fh ~krcfyp kp|i`zp fn

|irgkhih`s nfr `mcajrih( Zmcp `mk|zir ri|frzp fh zmi Pzkzip |rferipp ch zmi krikp riakzij zf

`mcajrih ch JN@P `ypzfjs gkchzkchche zmicr nkgcas `fhhi`zcfhp khj rizyrhche mfgi fr

k`mci~che |irgkhih`s uczm hiu nkgcacip(

K( Fyz`fgi \irnfrgkhì

Kp jip`rcoij ch zmi Chzrfjy`zcfh -Pi`zcfh C#! ;5 pi|krkzi fyz`fgip kri àypzirij ch zmi `kziefrs

fn \irgkhih`s( Fyz`fgip ;? khj ;0! riakzij zf `mcajrih k`mci~che zmi efka fn kjf|zcfh! uiri

fhi'zcgi! ncrpz |ircfj ri{ycrigihzp zmkz mk~i oiih jcp`yppij ch |ri~cfyp ri|frzp( ?? Zmi

rigkchche fyz`fgip k||acij zf pyopi{yihz ri|frzche |ircfjp uczm zmi nchka |mkpi'ch fn

|irnfrgkhì zmripmfajp f``yrrche ch \ircfj C^( Zkoai C^'; fh zmi hi}z zuf |keip |rf~cjip zmi

gikpyrij |irnfrgkhì pyggkrs nfr ik`m fn zmi rigkchche Fyz`fgip( Zmi jcp`yppcfh

nfaafuche zmi zkoai |rf~cjip k gfri jizkcaij jip`rc|zcfh fn Pzkzi |irnfrgkhì kp uiaa kp zmi

chzir|rizkzcfh khj gikpyrigihz cppyip kppf`ckzij uczm zmi fyz`fgip! khj chnfrgkzcfh kofyz

cppyip pyrrfyhjche zmi ufrb zmkz |rf~cji k `fhzi}z nfr yhjirpzkhjche zmi Pzkzip |irnfrgkhì(

Nfr |yr|fpip fn khkaspcp khj `fggyhc`kzcfh! zmi ;5 fyz`fgip mk~i oiih nyrzmir pyojc~cjij

chzf zuf orfkj `kziefrcip! @mcajrih ch \akìgihz Gkchzkch Nkgcas @fhhi`zcfhp khj @mcajrih K`mci~i

\irgkhih`s(

?? Pii Jcgkp! D( Z( khj Gfrrcpfh! P( \ircfj C Gfhczfrche _i|frz! Bihhs K( ~ \irjyi! Hf~igoir ?


49/179


\ircfj ^ Gfhczfrche _i|frz\kei :>

Zkoai C^';

\irgkhih`s Fyz`fgip

@mcajrih ch \akìgihzp Gkchzkch Nkgcas @fhhi`zcfhp\ircfj ^

\irnfrgkhì

Fyz`fgi 54 Kz aikpz 39) fn kaa nfpzir `mcajrih ihzirche `kri pmkaa mk~i mkj k jcaceihzpikr`m nfr |krihzp khj riakzc~ip yhjirzkbih khj jf`ygihzij uczmch >< jksp fn ihzirche

nfpzir `kri(

30)

Fyz`fgi ;>4 Kz aikpz =3)

Fyz`fgi ;34 Kz aikpz 3)

Fyz`fgi ?04 Kz aikpz =) fn kaa nfpzir `mcajrih ihzirche `ypzfjs pmkaa mk~i ri'

ihzirij `kri uczmch ;? gfhzmp fn zmi |rcfr |akìgihz i|cpfji(3(;)

Fyz`fgi =k4 Fn kaa zmi `mcajrih ihzirche `ypzfjs nfaafuche zmi ihzrs fn zmi @fhpihz

Ji`rii! kz aikpz :


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@mcajrih K`mci~i \irgkhih`s\ircfj ^

\irnfrgkh`i

Fyz`fgi ;;4 Nfr kaa `mcajrih umfpi |krihzka rcemzp mk~i oiih zirgchkzij fr riaikpij

jyrche zmi ri|frzche |ircfj! =0)

Fyz`fgi ?=4 Kz aikpz 39) fn nfpzir `mcajrih ch `ypzfjs nfr ;? fr gfri gfhzmp pmkaa mk~i

iczmir mkj k |irgkhih`s mikrche miaj os zmi Dy~ihcai @fyrz uczmch ;? gfhzmp fn zmi

zcgi zmi `mcaj ihzirij nfpzir `kri fr mkj mcp fr mir akpz |irgkhih`s mikrche! fr JN@P

pmkaa mk~i pyogczzij zmi jf`ygihzp ri{ycrij os zmi Dy~ihcai @fyrz nfr khj ri{yipzij k

|irgkhih`s mikrche uczmch :9 jksp fn zmi i}|crkzcfh fn zmi ;?'gfhzm |ircfj nfaafuche

zmi zcgi zmi `mcaj ihzirij nfpzir `kri fr mkj mcp fr mir akpz |irgkhih`s mikrche(

=0)


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\ircfj ^ Gfhczfrche _i|frz\kei :=

;( @mcajrih ch \akìgihz Gkchzkch Nkgcas @fhhi`zcfhp4 Fyz`fgip 5! ;>! ;3! ?;! khj ?0Fhi fn zmi @fhpihz Ji`rii |rch`c|aip cp kaa hfh'jipzry`zc~i nkgcas zcip pmfyaj oi gkchzkchij khj

hyrzyrij(?0 \ripir~che `fhhi`zcfhp oizuiih `mcajrih khj zmicr nkgcacip! nrcihjp! khj

`fggyhczs cp kh ippihzcka pzrkzies nfr k`mci~che |irgkhih`s umih zmfpi riakzcfhpmc|p kri hfz

jipzry`zc~i( \ripir~kzcfh fn zmipi `fhhi`zcfhp pzkrzp uczm |ak`che zmi `mcajrih uczm nkgcasripfyrìp umihi~ir |fppcoai khj |ak`che `mcajrih uczm zmicr pcoachep( _ieyakr ~cpczkzcfh

oizuiih `mcajrih khj |krihzp khj kgfhe pi|krkzij pcoachep kri fzmir cg|frzkhz cherijcihzp zf

gkchzkchche nkgcas zcip(

Fyz`fgi 5Jcaceihz Pikr`m

K rikpfhkoas jcaceihz pikr`m cp ri{ycrij os aku -F(@(E(K( Pi`zcfh ;9';;'99# zf cjihzcns zmfpi

chjc~cjykap umf gks oi `fhpcjirij k ripfyrì nfr |akìgihz fr `ypzfjs fn zmi `mcaj( ?: Zmi

pikr`m cp zf oi `fg|aizij khj ncaij uczm zmi `fyrz hf akzir zmkh >< jksp knzir zmi `mcajp

rigf~ka(?9

Kp fn zmi ihj fn zmi nfyrzm |ircfj -Jiìgoir ?


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Fyz`fgi 5 zmirinfri! chàyjij ??< `mcajrih umf ihzirij `ypzfjs oizuiih Dyas ; khj Jiìgoir

0;! ?< jks zcgi ri{ycrigihz( Zmipi k`zc~czcip chàyjij

chzir~ciuche `mcajrih khj k`zykaas `fhzk`zche chjc~cjykap cjihzcncij( Mfui~ir! zmipi k`zc~czcip

uiri `fg|aizij gfri fnzih ch \ircfj C^ zmkh ch \ircfj CC( \rf|frzcfhkzias! gfri `mcajrih uirichzir~ciuij kofyz umf ukp pcehcnc`khz zf zmig( Zmi hygoir fn |fppcoai ripfyrìp cjihzcncij

|ir `mcaj ukp kapf gy`m erikzir zmkh ch zmi pi`fhj ri|frzche |ircfj( Ch kjjczcfh! zmi

|rf|frzcfh fn `mcajrih umf mkj cjihzcncij ripfyrìp `fhzk`zij ukp pacemzas akreir ch \ircfj C^

zmkh ch \ircfj CC! kazmfyem zmi ch`rikpi ukp uczmch zmi pkg|aip gkrech fn pzkzcpzc`ka irrfr(

Zkoai C^'? |rf~cjip zmi hygoir khj nri{yih`s fn jcnnirihz zs|ip fn jcaceihz pikr`m k`zcfhp

yhjirzkbih fh oimkan fn ??< `mcajrih( Zmiri jcj hfz k||ikr zf oi khs jcaceihz pikr`m k`zc~czs nfr

fhi `mcaj umf mkj oiih ch `ypzfjs gfri zmkh >< jksp(


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\ircfj ^ Gfhczfrche _i|frz\kei 9>3 chjc~cjykap kp |fppcoai ripfyrìp nfr ?;3 `mcajrih( Zmi

chjc~cjykap cjihzcncij chàyjij |krihzp! pcoachep! fzmir riakzc~ip! khj nc`zc~i bch -chjc~cjykap

uczm umfg zmi `mcaj mkp k riakzcfhpmc| khj igfzcfhka ofhj oyz umf kri hfz oaffj riakzc~ip#(

Zmcp ri|ripihzp kh k~irkei fn kagfpz = chjc~cjyka ripfyrìp fr nkgcas `fhhi`zcfhp |ir `mcaj(

Zmcp chnfrgkzcfh jigfhpzrkzip zuf bis nchjchep( Fhi nchjche cp zmkz zmi @fyhzcip k||ikr zf oi

jfche k ~cefrfyp dfo fn cjihzcnsche ripfyrìp khj zmkz! zuf! gkhs `mcajrih mk~i ripfyrìp zmkz

`kh oi k |krz fn zmi nkgcas zikg zmkz `kh mia| k `mcaj pzks `fhhi`zij uczm mcp fr mir nkgcas khj

`fggyhczs khj py||frz k `mcajp rizyrh zf |irgkhih`s(

Gfzmirp uiri cjihzcncij nfr ?0 `mcajrih

-5:)#( Ofzm |rf|frzcfhp kri akreir zmkh zmfpi cjihzcncij ch \ircfj CC! ch |krz oi`kypi zmi

K``fyhzkocaczs Keihzp ig|mkpctij uczm zmi ri`frj ri~ciuirp zmkz gfzmirp khj nkzmirp kp

pmfyaj oi chàyjij kp cjihzcncij chjc~cjykap i~ih cn zmis uiri zmi chjc~cjykap nrfg umfg zmi


54/179


\ircfj ^ Gfhczfrche _i|frz\kei 9;

`mcaj ukp rigf~ij( Zkoai C^'0 jcp|aksp zmi zs|i khj hygoir fn ripfyrìp cjihzcncij fzmir zmkh

|krihzp(

Zkoai C^'0

Zs|ip khj Nri{yih`s fn Chjc~cjykap Cjihzcncij kp k |krz fn Jcaceihz Pikr`m Innfrzp

h7?;3

Zs|ip fn Chjc~cjyka _ipfyrìp Hygoir fn ripfyrìp \irìhz

Gkzirhka _iakzc~ip i}àyjche gfzmir =?)

Kjyaz Pcoachep 3; 5)

\kzirhka riakzc~ip i}àyjche nkzmir 0 ?:)

Nc`zc~i Bch =< >)

@krizkbirp fn gchfr pcoachep 5 1;)

Pzi||krihzp ;? 1;)

Kjyaz pzi|'pcoachep : 1;)

Zfzka riakzc~ip fr cjihzcncij ripfyrìp fzmir zmkh |krihzp ;0


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\ircfj ^ Gfhczfrche _i|frz\kei 9?

Zkoai C^':

Zs|ip khj Nri{yih`s fn Chjc~cjykap @fhzk`zij kp k |krz fn Jcaceihz Pikr`m Innfrzp

h7?;;

Chjc~cjyka ZfzkaCjihzcncij

Zfzka@fhzk`zij

\irìhz fn zmfpicjihzcncij fhzk`zij

Gkzirhka _iakzc~ip i}àyjche gfzmir 53> ?30 05)

Kjyaz Pcoachep =5 00 0=)

\kzirhka riakzc~ip i}àyjche nkzmir 0:)

Pzi||krihzp ;? = >5)

Pzi| pcoachep : <


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`kri zmi pkgi jks jyrche zmi ri|frzche |ircfj uczm fhi fr gfri fn zmicr pcoachep( Pc} `mcajrih!

mfui~ir! uiri i}àyjij nrfg zmi khkaspcp oi`kypi4 zmi ri`frjp fn zmrii `mcajrih chjc kzij zmkz

zmicr |akìgihz uczm pcoachep `fyaj oi mkrgnya zf zmi pcoachep2 ch fhi `kpi! zmi `mcajp oimk~cfr

jcpry|zij mcp |akìgihz khj mi ukp rigf~ij nrfg zmi |akìgihz knzir chczcka |akìgihz uczm

kaa pcoachep2 ch k ncnzm `kpi! zmi `mcaj rkh kuks uczmch ? uiibp fn ihzrs2 khj ch zmi pc}zm `kpi zmi

`mcajp fhas pcoache rkh kuks ri|ikzijas jyrche zmi |ircfj knzir chczckaas oiche |akìj uczm zmi`mcaj( I}àyjche zmipi `mcajrih nrfg zmi khkaspcp ainz ;


57/179


\ircfj ^ Gfhczfrche _i|frz\kei 9:

Zkoai C^'9

_iakzcfhpmc| fn Pcoache Ihzrs zf Pcoache \ak`igihz fh Ji`igoir 0;! ?


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\ircfj ^ Gfhczfrche _i|frz\kei 9>

0( @kpi gkhkeir innfrzp zf eiz pi|krkzij pcoache erfy|p |akìj zfeizmir(Pcoache |akìgihzp `kh pmcnz f~ir zcgi( Ch ;? `kpip! `kpi gkhkeirp uiri koai zf |akì zmi

`mcajrih uczm zmicr pcoachep kz ihzrs! oyz os zmi ihj fn zmi |ircfj zmi |akìgihz jcpry|zij fr

fhi fn zmi pcoachep hiijij zf oi gf~ij zf mk~i hiijp giz oizzir ch khfzmir |akìgihz pizzcheripyazche ch pfgi fr kaa fn zmi pcoachep oiche pi|krkzij(

Kgfhe zmi ?9 `mcajrih umf uiri pzcaa pi|krkzij nrfg pfgi fr kaa fn zmicr pcoachep uczm umfg

zmis ihzirij khj jcj hfz mk~i pcoachep p|acz kgfhe riakzc~ip! zmiri ukp i~cjihì zmkz zmi `kpi

gkhkeir mkj gkji innfrzp zf riyhczi pcoachep ch nc~i chpzkhìp! oyz py`m innfrzp uiri hfz i~cjihz

nfr zmi rigkchche ?< `mcajrih( Mfui~ir! zmi pcti fn zmi pcoache erfy|p gks mk~i oiih k nk`zfr(

Kgfhe zmi ?< `mcajrih! ;3 uiri ch pcoache erfy|p fn : fr gfri(

Fyz`fgi ;3 \akìgihz \rf}cgczs

Umih cz cp ch zmi oipz chziripz fn zmi `mcaj nfr zmi pzkzi zf rigf~i `mcajrih nrfg zmicr mfgip khj

|akì zmig ch pzkzi `ypzfjs! Fyz`fgi ;3 jinchip zmi k`ì|zkoai |akìgihz |rf}cgczs kp oiche ch

k pizzche uczmch zmi `fyhzs fr uczmch k 9< gcai rkjcyp fn zmi mfgi nrfg umc`m zmis uiri

rigf~ij(?=

k( Chzir|rizkzcfh khj Gikpyrigihz CppyipHf hiu chzir|rizkzcfh fr gikpyrigihz cppyip uiri ih`fyhzirij ch zmi ncnzm |ircfj( K||ihjc}

O |rf~cjip k pyggkrs fn |ri~cfypas ripfa~ij chzir|rizkzcfh khj gikpyrigihz cppyip(

o( Pzkzi \irnfrgkhìZmi Pzkzi Pyr|kppij zmi Fyz`fgi ;3 Zmripmfaj(

Zmi Pzkzi |akìj 3= |irìhz fn zmi ;=< `mcajrih uczmch zmi jipcehkzij |rf}cgczs zf zmi mfgi

nrfg umc`m zmis uiri rigf~ij( Zmi Fyz`fgi zmripmfaj cp 3< |irìhz( Fn zmi ;=< `mcajrih! ;5>

`mcajrih uiri |akìj uczmch zmi pkgi `fyhzs kp zmi mfgi nrfg umc`m zmis uiri rigf~ij fr

uczmch k 9< gcai rkjcyp fn zmi mfgi fr zmis giz fhi fr gfri fn zmi `rczirck zmkz i}ig|zij zmig

nrfg zmi |akìgihz |rf}cgczs pzkhjkrj( P|i`cnc`kaas! zih fn zmi ;5> `mcajrih uiri |akìj

fyzpcji zmi jipcehkzij |rf}cgczs oi`kypi fn zmicr i}ì|zcfhka hiijp fr zmis uiri |akìj uczm

riakzc~ip( Zmcp |irnfrgkhì cp kofyz zmi pkgi kp zmi nfyrzm |ircfj |irnfrgkhì fn 35 |irìhz(Zmi jcpzrcoyzcfh fn |akìgihzp kgfhe kaa ;=< `mcajrih ch zmi pkg|ai cp jcp|akìj ch Nceyri C^';

oiafu(

?= Pii |( 09! Fyz`fgi ;3! fn zmi @fhpihz Ji`rii(


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Nceyri C^'?

@mcaj \akìgihz \rf}cgczs zf Mfgi fn _igf~ka

fr _ikpfh nfr Oiche Yhkoai zf \akì Uczmch zmi \rf}cgczs Pzkhjkrjp

h7;= `mcajrih uiri

i}àyjij nrfg zmi khkaspcp nfr zmi nfaafuche rikpfhp4

nc~i fn zmi `mcajrih uiri ch `ypzfjs aipp zmkh ?9 jksp jyrche zmi |ircfj oinfri oiche

riyhcncij uczm zmicr nkgcas!

zmi riyhcnc`kzcfh |krihz fn zmrii `mcajrih uiri ch`krìrkzij!zmi riyhcnc`kzcfh |krihz nfr zmrii `mcajrih uiri fyzpcji zmi `fyhzrs fr zmi Pzkzi nfr zmi ihzcri

|ircfj!

zuf `mcajrih uiri fh ryhkuks pzkzyp zmi ihzcri |ircfj fr yhzca jcp`mkreij!

zmi `fyrz mkj jihcij |krihzka ~cpczkzcfh nfr fhi `mcaj jyrche zmi ri~ciu |ircfj!

fhi `mcajp kjf|zc~i |krihz rinypij zf ~cpcz! khj

fhi `mcaj mkj k `fgochkzcfh fn `cr`ygpzkhìp(

Kp ripyaz! 3??3 `mcajrih uiri chàyjij ch zmi |krihz'`mcaj ~cpczkzcfh khkaspcp(

o( Pzkzi \irnfrgkhìZmi Pzkzi Niaa Pmfrz fn zmi Fyz`fgi ?; Zmripmfaj(

Kgfhe zmi 3? `mcajrih ypij ch zmcp khkaspcp! 5> |irìhz mkj i~cjihì ch zmicr ri`frjp fn rieyakr

~cpczkzcfh uczm zmi |krihzp fr fzmir chjc~cjykap uczm umfg zmis kri zf oi riyhcncij( Zmcp cp k

pyopzkhzcka cg|rf~igihz f~ir \ircfj C^ |irnfrgkhì fn :5 |irìhz( Mfui~ir! zmi zmripmfaj nfr

zmcp fyz`fgi cp =9 |irìhz( Umih khfzmir ;; `mcajrih kri chàyjij umf mkj pfgi! oyz p|frkjc`!

jf`ygihzij ~cpczp uczm |krihzp jyrche zmi 9 gfhzmp! =; `mcajrih -==)# mkj pfgi jf`ygihzij

~cpczp uczm zmicr riyhcnc`kzcfh ripfyrì jyrche zmi zcgi zmis uiri ch `ypzfjs Dkhykrs ; zmrfyem

Gks ?=! ?


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\rk`zcì Cg|ac`kzcfhp

Zmcp |irnfrgkhì rinai`zp zmi @fyhzcip `fhzchyij innfrzp ch zmcp krik zf ihpyri zmi ~cpczp kri

f``yrrche khj kri oiche jf`ygihzij( Mfui~ir! nchjchep pyeeipz zmiri kri pfgi |rk`zcì

cg|ac`kzcfhp nfr @fyhzs aikjirpmc| khj `kpi gkhkeigihz pzknn( Zmi hygoir fn |krihzp umf kri

yhkoai zf fr `mffpi hfz zf ~cpcz uczm zmicr `mcajrih pyeeipz zmi hiij nfr `kpi gkhkeirp khjpy|ir~cpfrp zf `fhpzkhzas i~kaykzi zuf bis iaigihzp ch ik`m `mcajp `kpi( Zmipi iaigihzp kri zmi

k||rf|rckzihipp fn zmi efka fn riyhcnc`kzcfh ch acemz fn |krihzka `ff|irkzcfh khj pzrkziecip nfr

gfri inni`zc~ias ihekeche |krihzp fh oimkan fn zmicr `mcajrih( Ch fzmir ufrjp! mkrj {yipzcfhp

gypz oi kpbij kofyz umkz gfri `kh oi jfhi zf `rikzi k oizzir! gfri zcgias riyhcnc`kzcfh

f||frzyhczs nfr zmi `mcaj! fr! cn zmkz cp yhacbias! zmih zmi {yipzcfhp nf`yp fh mfu oipz zf |ri|kri

zmi `mcaj khj |krihz nfr gf~che nfrukrj uczm k hfh riyhcnc kzcfh |akh( Khfzmir |rk`zcì

cg|ac`kzcfh ch~fa~ip `fhzchyka |krzhirpmc| khj `fggyhc`kzcfh uczm zmi Pzkzi Kppcpzkhz

Kzzfrhis Eihirkap -PKKEP# khj zmi dyjc`ckrs riekrjche i}|i`zij Ji|krzgihz khj |krihzka

k`zcfhp oinfri riyhcnc`kzcfh cp erkhzij fr ri`fggihjkzcfhp zf `mkhei zmi |irgkhih`s efka kri

k`ì|zij(

Fyz`fgi ?0 Pcoache ^cpczkzcfh

Cz cp cg|frzkhz nfr pi|krkzij pcoachep zf rigkch `fhhi`zij uczm fhi khfzmir zmrfyem rieyakr

~cpczp( Zmi fhas zcgip zmcp cp hfz jipcrkoai kri umih cz cp hfz ch zmi oipz chziripz fn zmi `mcaj zf

~cpcz k pcoache jyi zf pknizs rikpfhp fr zmi igfzcfhka zrkygk cz gcemz `kypi( Zf ihpyri zmkz

pcoache ~cpczkzcfh cp k rieyakr |krz fn |rk`zcì! zmcp @fhpihz Ji`rii fyz`fgi ipzkoacpmip zmi

i}|i`zkzcfh zmkz kz aikpz =< |irìhz fn `mcajrih pi|krkzij nrfg pcoachep ch `ypzfjs pii zmicr

pi|krkzij pcoachep ik`m khj i~irs gfhzm nfr zmi |ri~cfyp ;? gfhzmp! fr i~irs gfhzm zmis mk~i

oiih ch `ypzfjs cn aipp zmkh ;? gfhzmp(0


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\ircfj ^ Gfhczfrche _i|frz\kei >3 `mcajrih( 0;

o( Pzkzi \irnfrgkhìZmi Pzkzi Niaa Pmfrz fn zmi Fyz`fgi ?0 Zmripmfaj(

Nfr Fyz`fgi ?0! zmi @fhpihz Ji`riip pcoache ~cpczkzcfh ri{ycrigihz ukp giz nfr ?5 -03)# fn zmi

>3 `mcajrih ch zmi pkg|ai umf mkj fhi fr gfri pcoachep ch `ypzfjs oyz ch pi|krkzi |akìgihzp(

Zmi fyz`fgi zmripmfaj cp =< |irìhz( Zmipi ?5 `mcajrih ~cpczij uczm kz aikpz fhi pi|krkzij

pcoache ik`m khj i~irs gfhzm nfr zmi akpz ;; gfhzmp fr pchì zmis ihzirij `kri( Kazmfyem pzcaa

uiaa oiafu zmi zmripmfaj nfr zmcp fyz`fgi! zmi Pzkzip |irnfrgkhì k||ikrp zf oi k `fhpcjirkoai

cg|rf~igihz f~ir zmi nfyrzm |ircfj |rf|frzcfh fn ?> |irìhz( Nyrzmirgfri! zmi |rf|frzcfh

gcppche fhas fhi gfhzm fn pcoache ~cpczp cp jfyoai umkz cz ukp ch zmi nfyrzm |ircfj -??) ch

\ircfj ^ `fg|krij zf ;;) ch \ircfj C^#( Acbiucpi! zmi `ygyakzc~i |rf|frzcfh fn `mcajrih umf

mkj gfhzmas pcoache ~cpczkzcfh nfr ;; `fhpi`yzc~i gfhzmp fr gcppij fhas fhi gfhzm rik`mij >;|irìhz ch \ircfj ^ `fg|krij zf 0= |irìhz ch \ircfj C^( Zkoai C^'5 jip`rcoip zmi ~cpczkzcfh

|c`zyri `k|zyrij os zmi `kpi ri`frj ri~ciu(

Zkoai C^'5

Pi|krkzij Pcoache ^cpczkzcfh \kzzirh nfr zmi ;; gfhzmp |riìjche Gks ?=! ?;)

Jcj hfz giiz fyz`fgi ri{ycrigihz oyz ~cpczij uczm pcoachep kz

aikpz mkan fn zmi gfhzmp pi|krkzij -c(i( zmi i{yc~kaihz fn 9'3

~cpczp ch k ;; gfhzm |ircfj#

?< ?3) 3 jksp2 fhi `mcaj ukp |akìj f~ir 9< gcaip nrfg

pcoachep oyz ukp hfz |akìj uczm k riakzc~i#

: >) ;


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\ircfj ^ Gfhczfrche _i|frz\kei >;

?( @mcajrih K`mci~i \irgkhih`s4 Fyz`fgip :! =k! 3! ;

\irgkhih`s nfr k `mcaj `kh oi k`mci~ij ch gkhs uksp( Pyodi`z zf zmi kopfayzi `fhpzrkchz

ri|ripihzij os `mcaj pknizs! zmi chczcka nf`yp fn `mcaj uiankri ufrb cp kauksp fh riyhcnc`kzcfh

uczm zmi ocrzm |krihzp( Pmfyaj zmkz ripyaz oi yhkzzkchkoai! zmi pzkzi gks |yrpyi zrkhpnir fn`ypzfjs zf k riakzc~i fr kjf|zcfh os k riakzc~i fr khfzmir nkgcas( Aieka eykrjckhpmc| cp kapf k

gikhp fn pi`yrche |irgkhih`s nfr k mcaj( Zmi @fhpihz Ji`rii pzc|yakzip khfzmir |irgkhih`s

f|zcfh( Zmcp f|zcfh cp jipcehij nfr k riakzc~i umf cp ucaache zf kppygi afhe'zirg rip|fhpcocaczs

nfr zmi `mcaj oyz mkp rikpfhp nfr hfz kjf|zche zmi `mcaj fr fozkchche eykrjckhpmc| fr |irgkhihz

aieka `ypzfjs! khj cz cp ch zmi `mcajp oipz chziripz zf rigkch ch zmi mfgi fn zmi riakzc~i rkzmir

zmkh oi `fhpcjirij nfr kjf|zcfh! |irgkhihz aieka `ypzfjs! fr eykrjckhpmc| os khfzmir

|irpfh(0? Ch zmipi `cr`ygpzkhìp! zmi `mcaj ucaa rigkch ch zmi `ypzfjs fn zmi pzkzi uczm zmi

riakzc~i `fggczzche zf zmi |irgkhih`s khj pzkocaczs fn zmi |akìgihz( Zkoai C^'= jcp|aksp zmi

jcpzrcoyzcfh fn `mcajrih ch zmi pkg|ai kgfhe zmi jcnnirihz |irgkhih`s efkap(

Zkoai C^'=

\irgkhih`s Efkap fn @mcajrih

h7;=

@fh`yrrihz Efka -_iyhcnc`kzcfh khj khfzmir Efka# 0> ?)

Eykrjckhpmc| ? ;)

\akìgihz uczm k Ncz khj Ucaache _iakzc~i ?5 ;9)

Afhe Zirg Nfpzir @kri 5 :)

Igkh`c|kzcfh ;9 =)

Hf efka jf`ygihzij <


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\ircfj ^ Gfhczfrche _i|frz\kei >?

Fyz`fgi : _i'Ihzrs chzf @ypzfjs

Ch Fyz`fgi :! zmi @fhpihz Ji`rii ipzkoacpmip k gikpyri fn zmi pzkocaczs fn nfpzir `kri i}czp4 zmi

|ir`ihzkei fn `mcajrih umf ri'ihzir pzkzi `ypzfjs uczmch ;? gfhzmp fn mk~che |ri~cfypas ainz

`ypzfjs(00 Fyz`fgi : pizp zmi pkgi pzkhjkrj kp zmi hkzcfhka fyz`fgip ipzkoacpmij os zmi Y(P(Ji|krzgihz fn Mikazm khj Mygkh Pir~c`ip( Mfui~ir! zmi hkzcfhka fyz

Kenny A Period V Nov 2008

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