Kennedy Kennedy andand The Cold The Cold WarWar

1960-19631960-1963

Ch 20 Section1 Ch 20 Section1 JFK and the Cold JFK and the Cold

WarWarWhat was the new What was the new military policy of JFK’s military policy of JFK’s Administration?Administration?

What was the crisis over What was the crisis over Cuba?Cuba?

Why was Berlin a Cold Why was Berlin a Cold War symbol of the 1960’s?War symbol of the 1960’s?

JFK’s Military PolicyJFK’s Military Policy Kennedy built up the conventional Kennedy built up the conventional

and nuclear weapons systems to and nuclear weapons systems to deter the USSR and to close the deter the USSR and to close the missile gap with the Sovietsmissile gap with the Soviets

Between 1960-1962 military Between 1960-1962 military spending increased 30%, $43 billion spending increased 30%, $43 billion to $56 billionto $56 billion

The Special Forces or Green Berets The Special Forces or Green Berets were createdwere created

Kennedy expanded the CIA and Kennedy expanded the CIA and

and Black Operationsand Black Operations

The Bay Of Pigs InvasionThe Bay Of Pigs Invasion Fidel Castro had led a revolution in Cuba Fidel Castro had led a revolution in Cuba

and seized power from Batista in 1959and seized power from Batista in 1959 JFK learned of a CIA planned approved by JFK learned of a CIA planned approved by

IKE to train Cuban exiles and allow them IKE to train Cuban exiles and allow them to attack Cuba, and overthrow Castroto attack Cuba, and overthrow Castro

In April 1961, 1,500 Cuban exiles never In April 1961, 1,500 Cuban exiles never reached the beachreached the beach

The air strike failed and Castro waited The air strike failed and Castro waited with 25,000 troops and Soviet Weaponswith 25,000 troops and Soviet Weapons

Kennedy, CIA, and the US were Kennedy, CIA, and the US were embarrassed on the world stage, total embarrassed on the world stage, total fiascofiasco

Southeast AsiaSoutheast Asia Kennedy sent in hundreds of Green Kennedy sent in hundreds of Green

Berets when the Vietcong Communist Berets when the Vietcong Communist Guerrillas attacked South Vietnam Guerrillas attacked South Vietnam and the US supported Ngo Dinh Diemand the US supported Ngo Dinh Diem

By 1963 16,000 US troops had been By 1963 16,000 US troops had been sent to South Vietnamsent to South Vietnam

Diem lost the support of the people Diem lost the support of the people and protest erupted (Ex. Buddhist and protest erupted (Ex. Buddhist Monks)Monks)

Upon approval from the CIA Diem was Upon approval from the CIA Diem was assassinated by his Generalsassassinated by his Generals

Americans witnessed the protests Americans witnessed the protests through TV, US causalities increasedthrough TV, US causalities increased

The Berlin CrisisThe Berlin Crisis In 1961 Khrushchev and JKF met in In 1961 Khrushchev and JKF met in

Vienna, AustriaVienna, Austria JKF felt he looked weak and second JKF felt he looked weak and second

bestbest Khrushchev threatened to force the Khrushchev threatened to force the

Western powers out of West Berlin Western powers out of West Berlin 3 million East Germans had fled to 3 million East Germans had fled to

West Berlin since the end of WWIIWest Berlin since the end of WWII JFK told Americans we stay in BerlinJFK told Americans we stay in Berlin August 13August 13thth, 1961 Khrushchev , 1961 Khrushchev

responded by allowing East Germany responded by allowing East Germany to construct to construct The Berlin Wall The Berlin Wall

The Cuban Missile CrisisThe Cuban Missile Crisis In the summer of 1962 the In the summer of 1962 the

Khrushchev began shipping Soviet Khrushchev began shipping Soviet Offensive Nuclear Missiles to Castro Offensive Nuclear Missiles to Castro In CubaIn Cuba

The US had Offensive Missiles in The US had Offensive Missiles in TurkeyTurkey

In October 1962 U-2 Spy planes took In October 1962 U-2 Spy planes took pictures of the weapons that could pictures of the weapons that could reach the US in minutes and destroy reach the US in minutes and destroy American citiesAmerican cities

Kennedy’s OptionsKennedy’s Options Invade Cuba? Soviet Troops were Invade Cuba? Soviet Troops were

presentpresent Bomb the Sites? Sneak Attack?Bomb the Sites? Sneak Attack? Naval Blockade around Cuba, or a Naval Blockade around Cuba, or a

“Quarantine”“Quarantine”

Brink of Nuclear WarBrink of Nuclear War The US was on DEFCON 3, 100,000 US The US was on DEFCON 3, 100,000 US

troops readied in Florida to invade troops readied in Florida to invade CubaCuba

The Naval Blockade was in place The Naval Blockade was in place around Cubaaround Cuba

The Soviet Cargo Ships stormed to the The Soviet Cargo Ships stormed to the blockade, but then turned aroundblockade, but then turned around

Days later Khrushchev pledged to Days later Khrushchev pledged to remove the missiles if we pledged not remove the missiles if we pledged not to invade Cuba, and secretly months to invade Cuba, and secretly months later we removed our missiles from later we removed our missiles from TurkeyTurkey

RFK was instrumental in dealing with RFK was instrumental in dealing with the Soviet ambassadorthe Soviet ambassador

Outcomes of the CrisisOutcomes of the Crisis Khrushchev prestige was Khrushchev prestige was

damaged, JFK looked stronger, damaged, JFK looked stronger, but he was criticized for but he was criticized for brinksmanshipbrinksmanship

The Hot-line was established The Hot-line was established between Washington/Moscowbetween Washington/Moscow

JFK wanted to relax Cold War JFK wanted to relax Cold War TensionsTensions

In 1962 the US and the USSR In 1962 the US and the USSR agreed to the agreed to the Limited Test Ban Limited Test Ban TreatyTreaty which banned nuclear which banned nuclear testing in the atmospheretesting in the atmosphere