Biology 40S Evolution and Biodiversity Name: Mr. Lloyd Kelvin High School

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Evolution and Biodiversity: Assignment #2 Part One: Please select the best answer to the following questions. Shade in the appropriate letter on the bubble sheet provided. There is no penalty for guessing. Each correct response is worth one mark

1. Microevolution is the term given to the change in allele frequency of a single: (a) Kingdom (b) Phylum (c) Genus (d) Species

2. The process in which the allele frequency of a population changes due to chance alone is called: (a) natural selection (b) genetic drift (c) gene flow (d) adaptive radiation

3. The process in which the allele frequency of a population changes due to chance in a small group of organisms colonizing a new area is called the: (a) bottleneck effect (b) founder effect (c) migration effect (d) Doppler effect

4. The formation of a new species as a result of reproductive isolation due to a geographical barrier is called: (a) dimorphism (b) sympatric (c) allopatric (d) emigration

5. The formation of a new species as a result of reproductive isolation due to a behavioural barrier is called: (a) dimorphism (b) sympatric (c) allopatric (d) emigration

6. Macroevolution is defined as: (a) a change in the genome of many species (b) a change in the genes of many species (c) a change in the allele frequency in the gene pool of many species (d) a planned change in many species

7. The diversification of a common ancestral species into a variety of species, all of which are differently adapted to the environment to which they migrated is called: (a) convergent evolution (b) adaptive radiation (c) punctuated equilibrium (d) gradualism

8. A mutation results in a change in fertility and mating season of an Owl Population. Over time this leads to the emergence of a new Owl species. The formation of the new Owl species is a result of reproductive isolation due to: (a) behavioural isolation (b) habitat isolation (c) temporal isolation (d) hybrid inviability

9. Gene flow between two populations of mice is stopped as one population adapts to a woodland environment. Over time the two mice populations become two distinct species. The formation of these mice species is a result of reproductive isolation due to: (a) behavioural isolation (b) habitat isolation (c) temporal isolation (d) hybrid inviability

10. Two populations of fresh water salmon migrate to the same body of water to reproduce. Scientists observed that mating between members of different populations results in offspring that are sterile. As a result, the Scientists conclude that the two populations are two distinct salmon species. This form of salmon speciation is a result of reproductive isolation due to: (a) behavioural isolation (b) habitat isolation (c) temporal isolation (d) hybrid inviability

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Biology 40S Evolution and Biodiversity Name: Mr. Lloyd Kelvin High School

Part Two: Answer the following questions in the spaces provided. Make sure that you answer each question completely. Each question is worth 5 marks

11. In the Galapagos Islands, Darwin observed three different types of finches. Darwin noted that each type of

finch is adapted to gathering and eating a different type of for based on the size and shape of its beak. “Tree Finches” had beaks largely adapted to eating insects, smaller plants and leaves. “Ground Finches” had beaks adapted to eating larger sized plants and different sized seeds. “Woodpecker – type Finches” used their beaks as a tool to dig into and probe in the bark of trees for insects. All three types of finches appeared to be different species. However, Darwin did note that all three types of finches resembled finches found on the coast of South America. Explain how the concept of Adaptive Radiation can be used to explain the formation of the different species of finches found in the Galapagos Islands

Biology 40S Evolution and Biodiversity Name: Mr. Lloyd Kelvin High School

12. The Ostrich, the Wild Turkey and the Peacock are species of ground birds that are often found in the same

environments. Although these three species of birds do not share a common ancestor, they all share similar body design. In addition, ancestors of each of these species were able to fly large distances at some point but they likely foraged and nested on the ground. As a result, over time they became much larger and unable to fly effectively as their wings became insufficiently large enough to sustain flight. Ostriches can no longer fly while Wild Turkeys and Peacocks can only fly very short distances or heights and only do so as a last ditch effort to escape predators. Explain how the concept of Convergent Evolution can be used to explain the similarities between the three bird species.

Biology 40S Evolution and Biodiversity Name: Mr. Lloyd Kelvin High School

13. Today only two species of elephants exist. The African Elephant (Loxodontas africana) is the larger elephant

species and is adapted to the arid (dry) savannah type environments of the African Plains. These elephants can also be found in swamps and rain forests across Africa. The Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus) by comparison is smaller and more agile than the African Elephant. This species is adapted to the more tropical evergreen forests of Southeast Asia. The Mammoth (Mammathus primegenius) is a third elephant species that became extinct five thousand years ago. Fossil evidence suggests that these three elephant species evolved from the ancestral species Primelephas that lived about five million years ago. Explain how the concept of Punctuated Equilibrium can be used to describe the evolutionary history of the elephant.