Keeping Students Safe While Working ...

Keeping Students Safe Keeping Students Safe

While Working While Working

Outdoors and Around Outdoors and Around

AnimalsAnimalsBrenda Jacklitsch, MSBrenda Jacklitsch, MS

National Institute for Occupational Safety and National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthHealth

Centers for Disease Control and PreventionCenters for Disease Control and Prevention

National Association of Agricultural National Association of Agricultural

Educators ConventionEducators Convention

December 2008December 2008

TM

The findings and conclusions in this presentation have not been formally disseminated by the The findings and conclusions in this presentation have not been formally disseminated by the

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and should not be construed to represent any agency determination or policy.National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and should not be construed to represent any agency determination or policy.

Percentage of Work-related Percentage of Work-related Deaths by IndustryDeaths by Industry

Workers under age 18 compared with all workers, U.S., 1992–2000.Workers under age 18 compared with all workers, U.S., 1992–2000.

Source: Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries Special Research Files, BLS, analysis by NIOSH [2003]. (http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2003-128/2003128.htm)

Preventing Deaths, Injuries & Preventing Deaths, Injuries & Illnesses of Young WorkersIllnesses of Young Workers

Talk to students about work:Talk to students about work: Talk to students about safety & health hazards, & students’ Talk to students about safety & health hazards, & students’

rights & responsibilities as workers.rights & responsibilities as workers.

Ensure the safety of school-based work experience programs:Ensure the safety of school-based work experience programs: Ensure that programs & partnerships offer students work that is Ensure that programs & partnerships offer students work that is

allowed by law & is in safe & healthful environments.allowed by law & is in safe & healthful environments.

Include worker safety & health in the school curriculum:Include worker safety & health in the school curriculum: Incorporate occupational safety & health topics into curricula Incorporate occupational safety & health topics into curricula

(e.g., safety & health regulations, how to recognize hazards, how (e.g., safety & health regulations, how to recognize hazards, how to communicate safety concerns, where to go for help).to communicate safety concerns, where to go for help).

Information is available from NIOSH at Information is available from NIOSH at www.cdc.gov/niosh/pdfs/99-141.pdf .

Know the laws:Know the laws: If you are responsible for signing work permits or certificates, If you are responsible for signing work permits or certificates,

know the child labor laws. State laws may be more restrictive know the child labor laws. State laws may be more restrictive than Federal laws, & they vary considerably from State to State.than Federal laws, & they vary considerably from State to State.

Visit Visit http://www.dol.gov/dol/topic/youthlabor/agriculturalemployment.htm or or http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/teenworkers/index.html..

http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/pdfs/99-141.pdf

http://www.dol.gov/dol/topic/youthlabor/agriculturalemployment.htm

http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/teenworkers/index.html

Two Big MisconceptionsTwo Big Misconceptions

Don’t the Kids Already Know?Don’t the Kids Already Know? Yes, Maybe, & No.Yes, Maybe, & No.

It’s Common Sense!It’s Common Sense! The problem with assuming The problem with assuming

something should be common sense something should be common sense

is… sometimes its not.is… sometimes its not.

TopicsTopics

1.1. Safe Animal Safe Animal Handling: Handling: Considerations Considerations Before Handling & Before Handling & PPEPPE

2.2. ZoonosesZoonoses2.1 2.1 Zoonotic Zoonotic

DiseasesDiseases

2.22.2 Rabies Rabies

2.3 2.3 Vector-borne Vector-borne DiseasesDiseases

3.3. WildlifeWildlife3.13.1 Stinging Insects Stinging Insects

3.23.2 Fire Ants Fire Ants

3.3 3.3 Venomous Venomous SnakesSnakes

3.4 3.4 Venomous Venomous SpidersSpiders

4.4. Other Outdoor Other Outdoor HazardsHazards4.14.1 Poisonous Plants Poisonous Plants

4.24.2 Cold Stress Cold Stress

4.3 4.3 Heat StressHeat Stress

4.44.4 UV Radiation UV Radiation

Section 1:

SAFE ANIMAL SAFE ANIMAL HANDLINGHANDLING

Before Handling Any Before Handling Any Animal…Animal…

Consider Environmental Conditions.Consider Environmental Conditions. Weather - Too Hot or Cold?Weather - Too Hot or Cold? Surface & terrain.Surface & terrain.

Consider Animal Behavior.Consider Animal Behavior. Gender & breed differences.Gender & breed differences. Individual animal’s history.Individual animal’s history. Current degree of animal’s agitation & Current degree of animal’s agitation &

anxiety.anxiety. Mothers with offspring & intact males.Mothers with offspring & intact males. Understand & utilize the animal’s flight zone.Understand & utilize the animal’s flight zone. Be cautious with an animal that has Be cautious with an animal that has

separated itself from the herd.separated itself from the herd.

1. ANIMAL HANDLING


Consider Available Equipment & Consider Available Equipment &

Facilities.Facilities. Provide escape routes & barriers for the Provide escape routes & barriers for the

animal & yourself.animal & yourself.

Use appropriate restraints that are in good Use appropriate restraints that are in good

condition.condition.

Make sure you have what you need before Make sure you have what you need before

getting the animal.getting the animal.

First Aid Kit.First Aid Kit.

1. ANIMAL HANDLING


Consider Appropriate Handling Techniques.Consider Appropriate Handling Techniques. Personal skill levels vs. handling a particular animal.Personal skill levels vs. handling a particular animal. Be extra cautious around animals not often handled.Be extra cautious around animals not often handled. Minimize noise & number of visitors in area.Minimize noise & number of visitors in area. Always have a buddy nearby that is paying attention.Always have a buddy nearby that is paying attention. Use a calm voice.Use a calm voice. Alternate tasks to avoid repetitive motion injuries.Alternate tasks to avoid repetitive motion injuries. Use proper lifting techniques.Use proper lifting techniques. Try to stay away from the kicking zone.Try to stay away from the kicking zone. Never tie a lead rope to yourself or wrap one around Never tie a lead rope to yourself or wrap one around

your wrist.your wrist.

1. ANIMAL HANDLING

Personal Protective Personal Protective EquipmentEquipment

Wear properly fitting clothes.Wear properly fitting clothes.

Protective footwear.Protective footwear.

May want leather gloves or May want leather gloves or

surgical gloves.surgical gloves.

Hearing Protection.Hearing Protection.

1. ANIMAL HANDLING

Hearing ProtectionHearing Protection

Exposure to Exposure to

noise levels noise levels

above 85 dB above 85 dB

can cause can cause

hearing loss hearing loss

& tinnitus.& tinnitus.

1. ANIMAL HANDLING

Animal Handling?Animal Handling?

QUESTIONSQUESTIONS

Section 2:

ZOONOSESZOONOSES

ZOONOSESZOONOSES

2.1 2.1 What is a zoonotic disease?What is a zoonotic disease?

2.22.2 Examples Examples

2.32.3 Rabies Rabies

2.42.4 Vector-borne diseases Vector-borne diseases

2.1

ZOONOTIC DISEASES

What is a Zoonotic What is a Zoonotic Disease?Disease?

An infectious disease that can be An infectious disease that can be transferred from animals to humans.transferred from animals to humans.

Approximately Approximately 60%60% of all human of all human pathogens are zoonotic.pathogens are zoonotic.

Zoonotic diseases can be caused by:Zoonotic diseases can be caused by: ParasiteParasite FungiFungi BacteriaBacteria VirusVirus PrionPrion

2.1 ZOONOTIC DISEASES

ParasiteParasite

An organism living ‘in’, ‘with’, or An organism living ‘in’, ‘with’, or ‘on’ another organism.‘on’ another organism.

Examples: Examples: BabesiosisBabesiosis GiardiaGiardia


Babesia infected blood

cells(http://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/VBDP/smear.htm)

FungusFungus

A spore-producing organism A spore-producing organism that includes molds, mildews, that includes molds, mildews, mushrooms, & yeasts.mushrooms, & yeasts.

Examples:Examples: RingwormRingworm


Ringworm (CDC/Dr. Lucille K. Georg))

BacteriaBacteria

Unicellular microorganisms that Unicellular microorganisms that can live in soil, water, plants, or can live in soil, water, plants, or animals.animals.

Examples: Examples: Lyme DiseaseLyme Disease AnthraxAnthrax BrucellosisBrucellosis


Anthrax lesion on arm of

wool factory worker (CDC/Dr. Philip S. Brachman))

VirusVirus

A sub-microscopic infectious A sub-microscopic infectious agent that is unable to grow or agent that is unable to grow or reproduce outside a host cell.reproduce outside a host cell.

Examples: Examples: West Nile VirusWest Nile Virus Avian Influenza (Bird Flu)Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) RabiesRabies


Transmission electron

micrograph of West Nile

virus (CDC/ P.E. Rollin))

PrionPrion

A protein particle that causes A protein particle that causes various neurodegenerative various neurodegenerative diseases.diseases.

Examples: Examples: ScrapieScrapie Bovine Spongiform Bovine Spongiform

EncephalopathyEncephalopathy(Mad Cow Disease)(Mad Cow Disease)


BSE-infected cow brain

tissue (Holes caused by

infection) (CDC/Al Jenny))

Examples of Zoonotic DiseasesExamples of Zoonotic Diseases


KEYKEY

[B]ovine[B]ovine

[E]quine[E]quine

[S]wine[S]wine

[O]vine[O]vine

[C]amelid[C]amelid

ss

[R]abbits[R]abbits

[P]oultry[P]oultry

BacteriaBacteriaAnthrax Anthrax [B,E,O,C,S][B,E,O,C,S]

Brucellosis Brucellosis [B,E,O,S][B,E,O,S]

Dermatophilosis Dermatophilosis [B,E][B,E]

E. coli E. coli [B,E][B,E]

Leptospirosis Leptospirosis [B,E,O][B,E,O]

Psittacosis Psittacosis [P][P]

Q Fever Q Fever [B,O][B,O]

Tuberculosis Tuberculosis [B][B]

FungusFungusRingworm Ringworm [B,E,S,O,C,R][B,E,S,O,C,R]

ParasiteParasiteCryptosporidiosis Cryptosporidiosis [B,E][B,E]

GiardiaGiardia [B,E][B,E]

PrionPrionBSE BSE [B][B]

ScrapieScrapie [O] [O]

VirusVirusAvian Influenza Avian Influenza [P][P]

Orf Orf [O,C][O,C]

Pseudocowpox Pseudocowpox [B][B]

Rabies Rabies [B,E,S,O,C,R][B,E,S,O,C,R]

Vesicular StomatitisVesicular Stomatitis [B,E,S][B,E,S]

2.2

RABIES

RABIESRABIES Caused by a virus.Caused by a virus.

Affects mammals.Affects mammals.

You can get rabies from the saliva of You can get rabies from the saliva of infected mammals.infected mammals. Bites & scratches.Bites & scratches.

The rabies virus damages nerve cells.The rabies virus damages nerve cells.

2.2 RABIES

SymptomsSymptoms

2.2 RABIES

Early SymptomsEarly Symptoms Late SymptomsLate Symptoms

FeverFever

HeadacheHeadache

MalaiseMalaise

InsomniaInsomnia

AnxietyAnxiety

ConfusionConfusion

ParalysisParalysis

HallucinationsHallucinations

AgitationAgitation

Hyper salivationHyper salivation

Difficulty swallowingDifficulty swallowingHydrophobia Hydrophobia

(fear of water)(fear of water)

DEATHDEATH

RecommendationsRecommendations Look before you reach.Look before you reach.

Shake out work boots before wearing.Shake out work boots before wearing.

Don’t touch or pick-up wild animals or Don’t touch or pick-up wild animals or strange dogs or cats.strange dogs or cats.

Wear gloves & use a shovel when disposing of Wear gloves & use a shovel when disposing of dead animals.dead animals.

Make sure pets are vaccinated.Make sure pets are vaccinated.

Report any animal acting strangely.Report any animal acting strangely.

If you are bitten by an animal, wash with soap If you are bitten by an animal, wash with soap & water, & seek medical care.& water, & seek medical care.

2.2 RABIES

2.3

VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES

VECTOR-BORNE DISEASESVECTOR-BORNE DISEASES

Vector-borne diseases are spread Vector-borne diseases are spread to humans or other animals by an to humans or other animals by an insect or other arthropod. insect or other arthropod.

Arthropods include insects, Arthropods include insects, arachnids, & crustaceans.arachnids, & crustaceans.

Mosquito-borne & Tick-borne Mosquito-borne & Tick-borne diseases.diseases.

2.3 VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES

U.S. Vector-borne DiseasesU.S. Vector-borne DiseasesMosquito-borneMosquito-borne West Nile Virus Infection (WNV) West Nile Virus Infection (WNV)

[V][V]

Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE) Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE) [V][V]

St. Louis Encephalitis (SLE) St. Louis Encephalitis (SLE) [V][V]

Western Equine Encephalitis Western Equine Encephalitis (WEE) (WEE) [V][V]

La Crosse Encephalitis La Crosse Encephalitis [V][V]

Tick-borneTick-borne Lyme Disease Lyme Disease [B][B]

Rocky Mountain Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) Spotted Fever (RMSF) [B][B]

Babesiosis Babesiosis [P][P]

Ehrlichiosis Ehrlichiosis [B][B]

Southern Tick-Associated Southern Tick-Associated Rash Illness (STARI) Rash Illness (STARI) [B][B]

Tick-Borne Relapsing Tick-Borne Relapsing Fever Fever [B][B]

Tularemia Tularemia [B][B]

Anaplasmosis Anaplasmosis [P][P]

Colorado Tick Fever Colorado Tick Fever [V][V]

Powassan Encephalitis Powassan Encephalitis [V][V]

Q Fever Q Fever [B][B]


KEYKEY

[B][B]acteriaacteria

[P][P]arasitearasite

[V][V]irusirus

Mosquito-borne Disease Mosquito-borne Disease TransmissionTransmission


Tick-borne Disease Tick-borne Disease TransmissionTransmission


When Are People at Highest When Are People at Highest Risk?Risk?

Warmer MonthsWarmer Months

J

A

N

F

E

B

M

A

R

A

P

R

M

A

Y

J

U

N

J

U

L

A

U

G

S

E

P

O

C

T

N

O

V

D

E

C


SymptomsSymptoms

Mosquito-borne Dz.Mosquito-borne Dz. FeverFever FatigueFatigue HeadacheHeadache Muscle/Joint PainMuscle/Joint Pain Stiff NeckStiff Neck DisorientationDisorientation Muscle WeaknessMuscle Weakness EncephalitisEncephalitis MeningitisMeningitis

Tick-borne Dz.Tick-borne Dz. FeverFever FatigueFatigue HeadacheHeadache Joint PainJoint Pain Body/Muscle Body/Muscle

AchesAches RashRash


Mosquito RecommendationsMosquito Recommendations Deter mosquitoes.Deter mosquitoes.

Remove sources of standing HRemove sources of standing H22O.O.

Store equipment that could collect HStore equipment that could collect H22O.O.

Change HChange H22O troughs every 4-5 days & scrub sides.O troughs every 4-5 days & scrub sides.

Ponds should have aerators or fish.Ponds should have aerators or fish.

Avoid working at dusk & dawn.Avoid working at dusk & dawn.

Remove standing HRemove standing H22O & items that collect HO & items that collect H22O.O.

Wear proper clothing.Wear proper clothing. Long sleeves & long pants.Long sleeves & long pants.

Use repellent. Use repellent. Products containing >20% DEET for skin. Products containing >20% DEET for skin.

Permethrin for clothing.Permethrin for clothing.

Know symptoms of mosquito-borne diseasesKnow symptoms of mosquito-borne diseases..2.3 VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES

Tick RecommendationsTick Recommendations Deter ticks.Deter ticks.

Remove leaf litter.Remove leaf litter.

Keep grass mowed short.Keep grass mowed short.

Set rodent traps or poisons & properly store food.Set rodent traps or poisons & properly store food.

Discourage deer with barriers.Discourage deer with barriers.

Wear proper clothing.Wear proper clothing. Long sleeves & long pants.Long sleeves & long pants.

Tuck pants into socks or boots.Tuck pants into socks or boots.

Light-colored clothing for easy tick spotting.Light-colored clothing for easy tick spotting.

Use repellent.Use repellent. Products containing >20% DEET for skin.Products containing >20% DEET for skin.

Permethrin for clothing.Permethrin for clothing.

Check skin & clothes for ticks daily.Check skin & clothes for ticks daily.

When washing clothes, use a hot dryer setting to kill ticks.When washing clothes, use a hot dryer setting to kill ticks.

Know symptoms of tick-borne diseases.Know symptoms of tick-borne diseases.


Proper Tick RemovalProper Tick Removal

Remove the tick as soon as you Remove the tick as soon as you notice it.notice it.

Use fine-tipped tweezers to firmly Use fine-tipped tweezers to firmly grasp the tick very close to your skin.grasp the tick very close to your skin.

Avoid crushing the tick.Avoid crushing the tick.

With a steady motion, pull the tick With a steady motion, pull the tick away from your skin.away from your skin.

Do not be alarmed if the tick’s Do not be alarmed if the tick’s mouthparts remain in the skin. The tick mouthparts remain in the skin. The tick can no longer transmit bacteria.can no longer transmit bacteria.

Clean your skin with soap & HClean your skin with soap & H22O or O or alcohol.alcohol.DO NOTDO NOT use petroleum jelly, a hot match, nail use petroleum jelly, a hot match, nail

polish, or other products to remove a tick.polish, or other products to remove a tick.http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/lyme/ld_tickremoval.htm


2.1 2.1 Zoonotic Diseases?Zoonotic Diseases?

2.2 2.2 Rabies?Rabies?

2.3 2.3 Vector-borne Diseases?Vector-borne Diseases?

QUESTIONSQUESTIONS

Section 3:

WILDLIFEWILDLIFE

WILDLIFEWILDLIFE

3.13.1 Stinging Insects Stinging Insects

3.23.2 Fire Ants Fire Ants

3.33.3 Venomous Snakes Venomous Snakes

3.4 3.4 Venomous SpidersVenomous Spiders

Section 3.1

STINGING INSECTS

STINGING INSECTSSTINGING INSECTS

3.1 STINGING INSECTS

ThousandsThousands of people are stung of people are stung

by insects each year.by insects each year.

90–10090–100 people die each year people die each year

as a result of as a result of

allergic reactions. allergic reactions.

Stinging InsectsStinging Insects

Most abundant in the warmer months. Most abundant in the warmer months.

Nests & hives may be found in trees, Nests & hives may be found in trees, under roof eaves, or on equipment under roof eaves, or on equipment such as ladders.such as ladders.


Wear light-colored, smooth-finished clothing.Wear light-colored, smooth-finished clothing. Wear clean clothing & bathe daily. (sweat may anger bees)Wear clean clothing & bathe daily. (sweat may anger bees) Wear clothing that covers as much as possible.Wear clothing that covers as much as possible.

Avoid banana-scented toiletries, perfumed soaps, & colognes.Avoid banana-scented toiletries, perfumed soaps, & colognes. Avoid flowering plants. Avoid flowering plants.

Keep work areas clean. Keep work areas clean. Social wasps thrive where humans discard food. Social wasps thrive where humans discard food.

Remain calm & still. Remain calm & still. Swatting may cause it to sting.Swatting may cause it to sting.

If you are attacked, run away. If you are attacked, run away. Bees release a chemical when they sting, which attracts other bees. Bees release a chemical when they sting, which attracts other bees. Go indoors. Go indoors. Shaded area is better than an open area to get away from the Shaded area is better than an open area to get away from the

insects.insects.

If a bee is inside your vehicle, stop the car, & open the windows. If a bee is inside your vehicle, stop the car, & open the windows.

People with severe allergic reactions to insects should carry an People with severe allergic reactions to insects should carry an EpiPen & wear medical ID jewelry.EpiPen & wear medical ID jewelry.

Sting PreventionSting Prevention


Have someone stay with the person stung in case of an Have someone stay with the person stung in case of an

allergic reaction.allergic reaction.

Wash the site with soap & water.Wash the site with soap & water.

Remove the stinger using gauze wiped over the area or by Remove the stinger using gauze wiped over the area or by

scraping a fingernail over the area.scraping a fingernail over the area.

Never squeeze the stinger or use tweezers.Never squeeze the stinger or use tweezers.

Apply ice to reduce swelling. Apply ice to reduce swelling.

Don’t scratch the sting as this may increase risk of infection.Don’t scratch the sting as this may increase risk of infection.

First AidFirst Aid


Section 3.2

FIREANTS

FIRE ANTSFIRE ANTS

Imported fire ants first came to the Imported fire ants first came to the

U.S. around 1930.U.S. around 1930.

Now there areNow there are 5-times5-times more ants per more ants per

acre in the U.S. than in their native acre in the U.S. than in their native

South America.South America.

3.2 FIRE ANTS

Sting & Bite PreventionSting & Bite Prevention

Do not disturb ant mounds. Do not disturb ant mounds.

Be careful when lifting items Be careful when lifting items (including (including animal carcasses)animal carcasses) off the ground. off the ground.

May be found on trees or in water; look over May be found on trees or in water; look over the area before starting to work.the area before starting to work.

People with severe allergic reactions to People with severe allergic reactions to insect bites or stings should carry an EpiPen insect bites or stings should carry an EpiPen & wear medical ID jewelry stating their & wear medical ID jewelry stating their allergy.allergy.

3.2 FIRE ANTS

First AidFirst Aid

Rub off ants briskly. Rub off ants briskly. They attach to the skin with their jaws.They attach to the skin with their jaws.

Antihistamines may help. Antihistamines may help. Follow directions on packaging. Follow directions on packaging. Drowsiness may occur.Drowsiness may occur.

Seek emergency medical attention if Seek emergency medical attention if a sting causes severe chest pain, a sting causes severe chest pain, nausea, sweating, loss of breath, nausea, sweating, loss of breath, serious swelling, or slurred speech.serious swelling, or slurred speech.

3.2 FIRE ANTS

Section 3.3

VENOMOUS SNAKES

VENOMOUS SNAKESVENOMOUS SNAKES

7,000 – 8,0007,000 – 8,000 people per year receive people per year receive venomous bites in the United States.venomous bites in the United States.

55 of those people die.of those people die.

3.3 VENOMOUS SNAKES

RattlesnakesRattlesnakes Many species in the U.S.Many species in the U.S.

Largest venomous snake in the Largest venomous snake in the

U.S. U.S.

Can strike up to 1/3 their body Can strike up to 1/3 their body

length. length.

Use rattles or tails as a warning. Use rattles or tails as a warning.

Babies more dangerous; can’t Babies more dangerous; can’t control how much venom they control how much venom they inject.inject.

Found sunning near logs, Found sunning near logs, boulders, or open areas. boulders, or open areas.

Mountains, prairies, deserts, & Mountains, prairies, deserts, & beaches.beaches.

Across the U.S.Across the U.S.3.3 VENOMOUS SNAKES

CopperheadsCopperheads Vary in color from reddish to Vary in color from reddish to

golden tan. golden tan.

Colored bands are hourglass-Colored bands are hourglass-

shaped. shaped.

Adults are 18–36 in. Adults are 18–36 in.

Not usually aggressive, often Not usually aggressive, often

freezes when frightened. freezes when frightened.

Forests, rocky areas, swamps, or Forests, rocky areas, swamps, or

near sources of water.near sources of water.

Eastern U.S. to as far west as Eastern U.S. to as far west as

Texas.Texas. 3.3 VENOMOUS SNAKES

Coral SnakesCoral Snakes

Often confused with nonvenomous king Often confused with nonvenomous king snakes.snakes.

If the red bands touch yellow bands, then If the red bands touch yellow bands, then it is venomous. it is venomous.

Coral snakes hide in leaf piles or burrow Coral snakes hide in leaf piles or burrow into the ground.into the ground.

Wooded, sandy, or marshy areas of the Wooded, sandy, or marshy areas of the Southern U.S.Southern U.S.

3.3 VENOMOUS SNAKES

CottonmouthsCottonmouths

Average length is 5–55in.Average length is 5–55in.

Adults are dark tan, brown, or Adults are dark tan, brown, or

nearly black, with vague black or nearly black, with vague black or

dark brown crossbands. dark brown crossbands.

Juveniles have bold crossbands of Juveniles have bold crossbands of

brown or orange with a yellow tail. brown or orange with a yellow tail.

Found in or around water. Found in or around water.

Do not scare easily & will defend Do not scare easily & will defend

themselves.themselves.

Wetland areas, rivers, lakes, etc., Wetland areas, rivers, lakes, etc.,

in the southeastern U.S.in the southeastern U.S.

3.3 VENOMOUS SNAKES

Bite PreventionBite Prevention

Do not try to handle any snake. Do not try to handle any snake.

Stay away from tall grass & piles of Stay away from tall grass & piles of

leaves when possible. leaves when possible.

Avoid climbing on rocks or piles of wood. Avoid climbing on rocks or piles of wood.

Be aware that snakes tend to be active at Be aware that snakes tend to be active at

night & in warm weather. night & in warm weather.

Wear boots & long pants when working Wear boots & long pants when working

outside.outside.

3.3 VENOMOUS SNAKES

First AidFirst Aid Remember the color & shape of snake. Remember the color & shape of snake.

Keep still & calm. Keep still & calm. (slows the spread of venom)(slows the spread of venom)

Seek medical attention as soon as possible. Seek medical attention as soon as possible.

Apply first aid if you can’t get to the hospital right away. Apply first aid if you can’t get to the hospital right away. Lay or sit down with the bite below heart level. Lay or sit down with the bite below heart level. Wash the bite with soap & water. Wash the bite with soap & water. Cover the bite with a clean, dry dressing.Cover the bite with a clean, dry dressing.

Don’tDon’t pick up the snake or try to trap it.pick up the snake or try to trap it.

Don’tDon’t apply a tourniquet.apply a tourniquet.

Don’tDon’t slash the wound with a knife.slash the wound with a knife.

Don’tDon’t suck out the venom.suck out the venom.

Don’tDon’t apply ice or immerse the wound in water.apply ice or immerse the wound in water.

Don’tDon’t drink alcohol as a painkiller.drink alcohol as a painkiller.

Don’tDon’t drink caffeinated beverages.drink caffeinated beverages.3.3 VENOMOUS SNAKES

Section 3.4

VENOMOUS SPIDERS

VENOMOUS SPIDERSVENOMOUS SPIDERS

Widow spiders have more potent Widow spiders have more potent venom than most spiders, venom than most spiders,

& prior to the development of & prior to the development of antivenom,antivenom, 5%5% of bites of bites

resulted in fatalities.resulted in fatalities.

Bettini S. "Epidemiology of Latrodectism". Toxicon 104: 93–102.

3.4 VENOMOUS SPIDERS

Black WidowBlack Widow Found in southern & western U.S. Found in southern & western U.S.

Red “hourglass” on abdomen Red “hourglass” on abdomen

underside.underside.

Found in woodpiles, under eaves, Found in woodpiles, under eaves,

fences, & other areas where fences, & other areas where

debris has accumulated. debris has accumulated.

Build webs between objects. Build webs between objects.

Often 2 puncture marks in the Often 2 puncture marks in the

bite.bite.

Pain at the bite area that spreads Pain at the bite area that spreads

to the chest, abdomen, or entire to the chest, abdomen, or entire

body.body. 3.4 VENOMOUS SPIDERS

Brown RecluseBrown Recluse Found in the Midwestern & southern Found in the Midwestern & southern

U.S. U.S.

Brown with a dark violin-shape on Brown with a dark violin-shape on

its head. its head.

Found in secluded, dry, sheltered Found in secluded, dry, sheltered

areas areas (underneath structures, logs, (underneath structures, logs,

or in piles of rocks, leaves, or or in piles of rocks, leaves, or

shoes).shoes).

Bites may cause a stinging sensation Bites may cause a stinging sensation

with localized pain. with localized pain.

Small white blister usually develops.Small white blister usually develops.

Venom causes a severe lesion by Venom causes a severe lesion by

destroying skin tissue destroying skin tissue (skin (skin

necrosis).necrosis). 3.4 VENOMOUS SPIDERS

Hobo SpiderHobo Spider Found in U.S. Pacific Northwest. Found in U.S. Pacific Northwest.

Large & brown with yellow Large & brown with yellow markings on abdomen. markings on abdomen.

No dark bands on their legs. No dark bands on their legs.

Build funnel webs in holes, Build funnel webs in holes, cracks, & recesses. cracks, & recesses.

Found in retaining walls, window Found in retaining walls, window wells, stacks of wood or bricks, wells, stacks of wood or bricks, or between boxes. or between boxes.

Do not climb but are fast Do not climb but are fast runners. runners.

More likely to bite if threatened. More likely to bite if threatened.

Moderate to severe, slow-Moderate to severe, slow-healing wound will develop.healing wound will develop. 3.4 VENOMOUS SPIDERS

Itching or rash Itching or rash Pain in bite areaPain in bite area Muscle pain or cramping Muscle pain or cramping Red to purple wound or blister Red to purple wound or blister Increased sweating Increased sweating Difficulty breathing Difficulty breathing Headache Headache Nausea and vomiting Nausea and vomiting Fever Fever Chills Chills Anxiety or restlessness Anxiety or restlessness High blood pressureHigh blood pressure Death Death (rare)(rare)

Bite SymptomsBite Symptoms

3.4 VENOMOUS SPIDERS

Bite PreventionBite Prevention

Shake out clothing, shoes, or equipment before use. Shake out clothing, shoes, or equipment before use.

Wear long-sleeved shirt, long pants, hat, gloves, & Wear long-sleeved shirt, long pants, hat, gloves, &

boots. boots.

Minimize empty spaces between stacked materials. Minimize empty spaces between stacked materials.

Remove & reduce debris. Remove & reduce debris.

Trim or eliminate tall grasses.Trim or eliminate tall grasses.

Store apparel & equipment in tightly closed plastic Store apparel & equipment in tightly closed plastic

bags. bags.

Keep tetanus boosters up-to-date Keep tetanus boosters up-to-date (every 10 years). (every 10 years).

(Bites can become infected with tetanus spores.)(Bites can become infected with tetanus spores.) 3.4 VENOMOUS SPIDERS

First AidFirst Aid

Stay calm. Stay calm.

Identify the type of spider if it is possible to do so Identify the type of spider if it is possible to do so

safely. safely.

Wash the bite area with soap & water.Wash the bite area with soap & water.

Apply a cold, damp cloth to the bite area to reduce Apply a cold, damp cloth to the bite area to reduce

swelling. swelling.

Elevate bite area if possible. Elevate bite area if possible.

Do not attempt to remove venom. Do not attempt to remove venom.

Immediately seek professional medical attention.Immediately seek professional medical attention.3.4 VENOMOUS SPIDERS

3.1 3.1 Stinging Insects?Stinging Insects?

3.2 3.2 Fire Ants?Fire Ants?

3.3 3.3 Venomous Snakes?Venomous Snakes?

3.4 3.4 Venomous Spiders?Venomous Spiders?

QUESTIONSQUESTIONS

Section 4:

OTHER OTHER OUTDOOROUTDOORHAZARDSHAZARDS

OTHER OUTDOOR OTHER OUTDOOR HAZARDSHAZARDS

4.14.1 Poisonous Plants Poisonous Plants

4.24.2 Cold Stress Cold Stress

4.34.3 Heat Stress Heat Stress

4.44.4 UV Radiation UV Radiation

Section 4.1

POISONOUS PLANTS

POISONOUS PLANTSPOISONOUS PLANTS

When exposed to an amount that is When exposed to an amount that is

less than 1 grain of table saltless than 1 grain of table salt

of urushiol (the itchy chemical in sap), of urushiol (the itchy chemical in sap),

80-90%80-90% of adults will develop a rash. of adults will develop a rash.

4.1 POISONOUS PLANTS

Poison IvyPoison Ivy

Hairy vines with 3 leaves on each Hairy vines with 3 leaves on each stemstem

Small shrub with 3 leaves on each Small shrub with 3 leaves on each stemstem

Yellow or white flowersYellow or white flowers

May have berriesMay have berries


Poison OakPoison Oak

Usually a shrub with leaves of threeUsually a shrub with leaves of three

May have yellow or green flowersMay have yellow or green flowers



Poison SumacPoison Sumac Woody shrubWoody shrub

Each stem has 7-13 leaves arranged Each stem has 7-13 leaves arranged in pairsin pairs



Why does it Itch?Why does it Itch?

Urushiol – “oo-ru-shee-ol”Urushiol – “oo-ru-shee-ol”

A chemical in the sap.A chemical in the sap.

Damaged plants leak this sap.Damaged plants leak this sap.

The sap sticks onto your skin & The sap sticks onto your skin & causes an allergic reaction.causes an allergic reaction.


ExposureExposure

Direct contact with the plant.Direct contact with the plant.

Indirect contact. Indirect contact. (Touching tools, (Touching tools, livestock, or clothing that have livestock, or clothing that have urushiol on them.)urushiol on them.)

Inhalation of particles containing Inhalation of particles containing urushiol from burning plants.urushiol from burning plants.


SymptomsSymptoms

Red rash Red rash (within a few days)(within a few days)

Possible bumps, patches, Possible bumps, patches,

streaking, or weeping blisters streaking, or weeping blisters Blister fluids are not contagious!Blister fluids are not contagious!

Swelling Swelling

ItchingItching


PreventionPrevention Wear long sleeves, long pants, boots, & Wear long sleeves, long pants, boots, &

gloves. gloves.

Wash exposed clothing separately in hot Wash exposed clothing separately in hot water with detergent.water with detergent.

Don’t burn plants that may be poisonous.Don’t burn plants that may be poisonous.

Barrier skin creams may offer some Barrier skin creams may offer some protection before contact. protection before contact. (ex. lotion w/ (ex. lotion w/ bentoquatum)bentoquatum)

Wash off & reapply creams twice a day.Wash off & reapply creams twice a day.

Clean tools with alcohol. Clean tools with alcohol. Wear disposable gloves during this process.Wear disposable gloves during this process.


First AidFirst Aid Rinse skin with lots of HRinse skin with lots of H22O, & rubbing alcohol, poison O, & rubbing alcohol, poison

plant washes, degreasing soap or detergent. plant washes, degreasing soap or detergent.

Scrub under nails with a brush. Scrub under nails with a brush.

Apply wet compresses, calamine lotion, or Apply wet compresses, calamine lotion, or hydrocortisone cream to reduce itching & blistering. hydrocortisone cream to reduce itching & blistering. Do not apply to broken skin.Do not apply to broken skin.

Oatmeal baths may relieve itching.Oatmeal baths may relieve itching.

An antihistamine An antihistamine (Benadryl)(Benadryl) can be taken to help relieve can be taken to help relieve itching.itching. Drowsiness may occur.Drowsiness may occur.

In severe cases or if rash is on the face or genitals, seek In severe cases or if rash is on the face or genitals, seek professional medical attention. professional medical attention.

Call 911 or go to a hospital emergency room if: Call 911 or go to a hospital emergency room if: Severe allergic reaction (ex. swelling or difficulty Severe allergic reaction (ex. swelling or difficulty

breathing).breathing). Exposed to the smoke of a burning plant.Exposed to the smoke of a burning plant.4.1 POISONOUS PLANTS

Section 4.2

COLDSTRESS

COLD STRESSCOLD STRESS

Each year nearly Each year nearly 700700 people in the people in the U.S. die of hypothermia.U.S. die of hypothermia.

http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/hypothermia/DS00333

37%37% of Hypothermia-related of Hypothermia-related deaths in the U.S. between 1999-deaths in the U.S. between 1999-

2000 were work-related.2000 were work-related.http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5510a5.htm

4.2 COLD STRESS

HypothermiaHypothermiaSymptoms:Symptoms: Early Symptoms Early Symptoms

Shivering Shivering Fatigue Fatigue Loss of coordination Loss of coordination Confusion and disorientation Confusion and disorientation

Late Symptoms Late Symptoms No shivering No shivering Blue skin Blue skin Dilated pupils Dilated pupils Slowed pulse & breathing Slowed pulse & breathing Loss of consciousness Loss of consciousness

First Aid:First Aid: Alert supervisor & request medical assistance. Alert supervisor & request medical assistance. Move into a warm room or shelter. Move into a warm room or shelter. Remove their wet clothing. Remove their wet clothing. Warm the center of the body first (chest, neck, head, groin).Warm the center of the body first (chest, neck, head, groin).

Use skin-to-skin contact under loose, dry layers of blankets, clothing, Use skin-to-skin contact under loose, dry layers of blankets, clothing, towels, or sheets. towels, or sheets.

Warm beverages may help increase the body temperature. Warm beverages may help increase the body temperature. Do not try to give beverages to an unconscious person. Do not try to give beverages to an unconscious person.

After body temperature has increased, keep dry & wrapped in a warm blanket. After body temperature has increased, keep dry & wrapped in a warm blanket. If no pulse, begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).If no pulse, begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

4.2 COLD STRESS

FrostbiteFrostbite

4.2 COLD STRESS

Symptoms:Symptoms: Reduced blood flow to hands and feet Reduced blood flow to hands and feet

(fingers or toes can freeze) (fingers or toes can freeze) Numbness Numbness Tingling or stinging Tingling or stinging Aching Aching Bluish or pail, waxy skinBluish or pail, waxy skin

First Aid:First Aid: Get into a warm room. Get into a warm room. Unless necessary, do not walk on frostbitten feet or toes. Unless necessary, do not walk on frostbitten feet or toes. Immerse the affected area in warm water (the temperature Immerse the affected area in warm water (the temperature

should be comfortable to the touch for unaffected parts of the should be comfortable to the touch for unaffected parts of the body). body).

Warm affected areas using body heat (ex. the armpit can be Warm affected areas using body heat (ex. the armpit can be used to warm fingers. used to warm fingers.

Don’t rub or massage the frostbitten area; doing so may cause Don’t rub or massage the frostbitten area; doing so may cause more damage. more damage.

Don’t use a heating pad, heat lamp, stove, fireplace, or radiator Don’t use a heating pad, heat lamp, stove, fireplace, or radiator for warming. Affected areas are numb and can be easily for warming. Affected areas are numb and can be easily burned.burned.

Trench FootTrench Foot

4.2 COLD STRESS

Symptoms:Symptoms: Reddening of the skin Reddening of the skin Numbness Numbness Leg cramps Leg cramps Swelling Swelling Tingling pain Tingling pain Blisters or ulcers Blisters or ulcers Bleeding under the skin Bleeding under the skin Gangrene (the foot may turn dark purple, blue, or Gangrene (the foot may turn dark purple, blue, or

gray) gray)

First Aid:First Aid: Remove shoes/boots & wet socks. Remove shoes/boots & wet socks. Dry the feet. Dry the feet. Avoid walking on feet, as this may cause tissue Avoid walking on feet, as this may cause tissue

damage.damage.

ChilblainsChilblains

4.2 COLD STRESS

Symptoms:Symptoms: Redness Redness Itching Itching Possible blistering Possible blistering Inflammation Inflammation

Possible ulceration in severe casesPossible ulceration in severe cases

First Aid:First Aid: Avoid scratching.Avoid scratching. Slowly warm the skin. Slowly warm the skin. Use corticosteroid creams to relieve itching & Use corticosteroid creams to relieve itching &

swelling. swelling.

Keep blisters & ulcers clean & covered.Keep blisters & ulcers clean & covered.

PreventionPrevention Wear appropriate clothing.Wear appropriate clothing.

Layering provides better insulation. Layering provides better insulation. Don’t wear tight clothing (reduces blood circulation). Don’t wear tight clothing (reduces blood circulation). Beware of clothing that restricts movement. Beware of clothing that restricts movement.

Protect the ears, face, hands & feet.Protect the ears, face, hands & feet. Waterproof & insulated boots. Waterproof & insulated boots. Hat. (Reduces heat that escapes from your head.) Hat. (Reduces heat that escapes from your head.)

Move into warm locations during breaks.Move into warm locations during breaks. Limit time outside on extremely cold days.Limit time outside on extremely cold days.

Carry cold weather gear. Carry cold weather gear. (extra socks, gloves, hats, jacket, blankets, change of (extra socks, gloves, hats, jacket, blankets, change of clothes, thermos)clothes, thermos)

Include thermometer & chemical hot packs in Include thermometer & chemical hot packs in first aid kit.first aid kit.

Avoid touching cold metal surfaces with Avoid touching cold metal surfaces with bare skin.bare skin.

Monitor your physical condition.Monitor your physical condition.4.2 COLD STRESS

Section 4.3

HEATSTRESS

HEAT STRESSHEAT STRESS

From 1979-2003, excessive From 1979-2003, excessive heat exposure caused heat exposure caused 8,0158,015 deaths deaths

in the U.S.in the U.S.

During this period, During this period, more people more people died from extreme heatdied from extreme heat than from than from hurricanes, lightning, tornadoes, hurricanes, lightning, tornadoes, floods, & earthquakes combined.floods, & earthquakes combined.

http://emergency.cdc.gov/disasters/extremeheat/heat_guide.asp

4.3 HEAT STRESS

Heat StrokeHeat StrokeSymptoms:Symptoms: Hot, dry skinHot, dry skin HallucinationsHallucinations ChillsChills Throbbing headacheThrobbing headache High body temperatureHigh body temperature Confusion/dizzinessConfusion/dizziness Slurred speechSlurred speech

First Aid:First Aid: Call 911 and notify their supervisor. Call 911 and notify their supervisor. Move the sick person to a cool shaded area. Move the sick person to a cool shaded area. Cool the person using methods such as:Cool the person using methods such as:

Soaking their clothes with water. Soaking their clothes with water. Spraying, sponging, or showering them with water. Spraying, sponging, or showering them with water. Fanning their body.Fanning their body.

4.3 HEAT STRESS

Heat ExhaustionHeat ExhaustionSymptoms:Symptoms:

Heavy sweating Heavy sweating Extreme weakness or fatigue Extreme weakness or fatigue Dizziness, confusion Dizziness, confusion Nausea Nausea Clammy, moist skin Clammy, moist skin Pale or flushed complexion Pale or flushed complexion Muscle cramps Muscle cramps Slightly elevated body temperature Slightly elevated body temperature Fast and shallow breathingFast and shallow breathing

First Aid:First Aid: Rest in a cool, shaded or air-conditioned area. Rest in a cool, shaded or air-conditioned area. Drink plenty of water or other cool beverages. Drink plenty of water or other cool beverages. Take a cool shower, bath, or sponge bath.Take a cool shower, bath, or sponge bath.

4.3 HEAT STRESS

Heat SyncopeHeat Syncope

Symptoms:Symptoms: Light-headedness Light-headedness Dizziness Dizziness FaintingFainting

First Aid:First Aid: Sit or lie down in a cool place Sit or lie down in a cool place

when they begin to feel symptoms. when they begin to feel symptoms. Slowly drink water, clear juice, or Slowly drink water, clear juice, or

a sports beverage.a sports beverage.

4.3 HEAT STRESS

Heat CrampsHeat CrampsSymptoms:Symptoms:

Muscle pain or spasms usually in the Muscle pain or spasms usually in the abdomen, arms, or legs. abdomen, arms, or legs.

First Aid:First Aid: Stop all activity, and sit in a cool place. Stop all activity, and sit in a cool place. Drink clear juice or a sports beverage. Drink clear juice or a sports beverage. Do not return to strenuous work for a few Do not return to strenuous work for a few

hours after the cramps subside (further hours after the cramps subside (further exertion may lead to heat exhaustion or heat exertion may lead to heat exhaustion or heat stroke). stroke).

Seek medical attention if any of the following Seek medical attention if any of the following apply: apply: The person has heart problems. The person has heart problems. The person is on a low-sodium diet. The person is on a low-sodium diet. The cramps do not subside within one hour. The cramps do not subside within one hour.

4.3 HEAT STRESS

Heat RashHeat Rash

Symptoms:Symptoms: Heat rash looks like a red cluster of pimples or Heat rash looks like a red cluster of pimples or

small blisters. small blisters. It is more likely to occur on the neck & upper It is more likely to occur on the neck & upper

chest, in the groin, under the breasts, & in chest, in the groin, under the breasts, & in elbow creases.elbow creases.

First Aid:First Aid: Work in a cooler, less humid environment Work in a cooler, less humid environment

when possible. when possible. Keep the affected area dry. Keep the affected area dry. Dusting powder may be used to increase Dusting powder may be used to increase

comfort.comfort.

4.3 HEAT STRESS

PreventionPrevention Wear light-colored, loose-fitting, breathable clothing Wear light-colored, loose-fitting, breathable clothing

(ex. Cotton).(ex. Cotton). Avoid non-breathing synthetic clothing.Avoid non-breathing synthetic clothing.

Gradually build up to heavy work. Gradually build up to heavy work.

Schedule heavy work during the coolest parts of day. Schedule heavy work during the coolest parts of day.

Take more breaks. Take more breaks. In the shade or a cool area when possible. In the shade or a cool area when possible.

Drink water frequently. Drink water frequently. Drink enough water that you never become thirsty.Drink enough water that you never become thirsty.

Avoid drinks with caffeine & large amounts of sugar.Avoid drinks with caffeine & large amounts of sugar.

Personal protective equipment may increase your risk. Personal protective equipment may increase your risk.

Monitor your physical condition.Monitor your physical condition.

4.3 HEAT STRESS

Section 4.4

UV RADIATION

UV RADIATIONUV RADIATION

1 in 51 in 5 Americans will develop Americans will develop skin cancerskin cancer in the course of a lifetime.in the course of a lifetime.

Robinson JK. Sun Exposure, Sun Protection, and Vitamin D. JAMA 2005; 294: 1541-43.

About About 65%65% of of melanomamelanoma cases can be cases can be attributed to attributed to UV radiationUV radiation from the sun. from the sun.

Armstrong, B.K., and A. Kricker, How much melanoma is caused by sun exposure?, Melanoma Research, 1993: 3:395-401.

MelanomaMelanoma is the is the 2nd2nd most common form most common form of cancer for of cancer for 15-29 yr olds15-29 yr olds..

Cancer Epidemiology in Older Adolescents & Young Adults. SEER AYA Monograph Pages 53-63. 2007.

4.4 UV RADIATION

Sunburn First AidSunburn First Aid Aspirin, Tylenol, or ibuprofen can relieve pain, headache, & reduce Aspirin, Tylenol, or ibuprofen can relieve pain, headache, & reduce

fever. fever.

Drink water to replace fluid losses. Drink water to replace fluid losses.

Cool baths or wet cloths on burned areas may provide comfort. Cool baths or wet cloths on burned areas may provide comfort.

People with sunburns should avoid further exposure. People with sunburns should avoid further exposure.

Moisturizing creams, aloe, or 1% hydrocortisone cream may provide Moisturizing creams, aloe, or 1% hydrocortisone cream may provide relief.relief.

If blistering occurs:If blistering occurs:

Lightly bandage or cover with gauze to prevent infection. Lightly bandage or cover with gauze to prevent infection.

Don’t break blisters Don’t break blisters (slows the healing & increases risk of infection).(slows the healing & increases risk of infection).

When skin peels, dried fragments may be removed & antiseptic When skin peels, dried fragments may be removed & antiseptic ointment or hydrocortisone cream may be applied. ointment or hydrocortisone cream may be applied.

Seek medical attention if any of the following occur: Seek medical attention if any of the following occur: Severe sunburns covering more than 15% of the body Severe sunburns covering more than 15% of the body Dehydration Dehydration High fever (>101°F) High fever (>101°F) Extreme pain longer than 48 hoursExtreme pain longer than 48 hours

4.4 UV RADIATION

UV ProtectionUV Protection Wear sunscreen with a minimum of SPF Wear sunscreen with a minimum of SPF

15. 15.

““SPF” refers to the amount of time you will SPF” refers to the amount of time you will be protected from a burn. be protected from a burn.

SPF 15 allows a person to stay out in the sun SPF 15 allows a person to stay out in the sun 15-times longer than normally without 15-times longer than normally without burning.burning.

SPF rating applies to skin reddening & SPF rating applies to skin reddening & protection againstprotection against UVBUVB exposure. exposure.

SPF does not protect againstSPF does not protect against UVAUVA. . UVAUVA blocking products contain: Mexoryl, blocking products contain: Mexoryl,

Parsol 1789, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, or Parsol 1789, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, or avobenzoneavobenzone..

4.4 UV RADIATION

UV ProtectionUV Protection Wear sunscreen Wear sunscreen (at least SPF 15).(at least SPF 15).

Sunscreens are affected by wind, humidity, perspiration, & Sunscreens are affected by wind, humidity, perspiration, & proper application. proper application.

Throw out old sunscreens after 1-2 years. Throw out old sunscreens after 1-2 years.

Apply a minimum of 1oz at least 20 min. before sun Apply a minimum of 1oz at least 20 min. before sun exposure. exposure.

Don’t forget ears, scalp, lips, neck, tops of feet, & backs of Don’t forget ears, scalp, lips, neck, tops of feet, & backs of hands. hands.

Reapply at least every 2 hrs. & when getting out of the Reapply at least every 2 hrs. & when getting out of the water or perspiring.water or perspiring.

May lose efficacy when applied with insect repellents.May lose efficacy when applied with insect repellents.

Follow the application directions on the bottle.Follow the application directions on the bottle.

Wear appropriate clothing. Wear appropriate clothing. Dark clothing with a tight weave is more protective. Dark clothing with a tight weave is more protective. Wear wide-brimmed hats & sunglasses.Wear wide-brimmed hats & sunglasses.

4.4 UV RADIATION

4.1 4.1 Poisonous Plants?Poisonous Plants?

4.2 4.2 Cold Stress?Cold Stress?

4.3 4.3 Heat Stress?Heat Stress?

4.4 4.4 UV Radiation?UV Radiation?

QUESTIONSQUESTIONS

Ideas for Ideas for the the

ClassroomClassroom

Guest SpeakersGuest Speakers U.S. Fish & Wildlife ServicesU.S. Fish & Wildlife Services

Info by State:Info by State: http://www.fws.gov/offices/ http://www.fws.gov/offices/ Educator Info:Educator Info:

http://www.fws.gov/educators/educators.hthttp://www.fws.gov/educators/educators.htmlml

Red Cross InstructorRed Cross Instructor Info by State:Info by State:

http://www.redcross.org/where/chapts.asphttp://www.redcross.org/where/chapts.asp

EntomologistEntomologist Contact local museums, zoos, or universities.Contact local museums, zoos, or universities.

VeterinarianVeterinarian

CLASSROOM IDEAS

AssignmentsAssignments

CLASSROOM IDEAS

Have a student present a summary of a Have a student present a summary of a different Zoonotic Disease at the beginning of different Zoonotic Disease at the beginning of each class.each class.

Interview adults in the Ag Industry about Interview adults in the Ag Industry about safety.safety. Have you been in any accidents while working?Have you been in any accidents while working? What safety precautions do you use for ____ situations?What safety precautions do you use for ____ situations?

Give students different work scenarios and have Give students different work scenarios and have them explain the hazards and what they should them explain the hazards and what they should do to be safe.do to be safe.

If you are working with live animals, have If you are working with live animals, have students demonstrate proper handling students demonstrate proper handling techniques & appropriate behavior around each techniques & appropriate behavior around each different species.different species.

Helpful Helpful ResourcesResources

NIOSH Resources:NIOSH Resources: Hazards to Outdoor WorkersHazards to Outdoor Workers

http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/outdoor/http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/outdoor/

RESOURCES

NIOSH Resources: NIOSH Resources: Avian InfluenzaAvian Influenza

http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/avianflu/http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/avianflu/

RESOURCES

NIOSH Resources: NIOSH Resources: Young Worker Safety & HealthYoung Worker Safety & Health

http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/youth/http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/youth/

RESOURCES

QUESTIONS?QUESTIONS?

Contact Info: Contact Info:

Brenda JacklitschBrenda Jacklitsch

[email protected]@CDC.GOV

Keeping Students Safe While Working ...

Documents

Transcript of Keeping Students Safe While Working ...