KBS Dairy Barn - CASE STUDY - University of...

Dairy Free‐Stall Barn Case Study

W.K. Kellogg Biological Station A Legacy of Conservation; A Commitment to Sustainability i

Michigan State University W. K. Kellogg Biological Station

Kellogg Farm - Pasture Dairy Center Free-Stall Dairy Barn

Case Study presented to

The United States Green Building Council Seeking LEED®- NC Version 2.1 Silver Certification

for the newly constructed dairy free-stall barn


W.K. Kellogg Biological Station A Legacy of Conservation; A Commitment to Sustainability ii

Building Details

Owner Michigan State University W.K. Kellogg Biological Station

Location 10461 N. 40th St., Hickory Corners, MI, 49060

Building Type Free-Stall Dairy Barn

Building Program

The free-stall dairy barn houses a 120 head dairy herd, 2 robotic milking systems, and support facilities. The barn and dairy herd will be used for research, education, and outreach activities promoting alternative dairy management practices.

Scope 1,688 sq. ft. support area and 19,232 sq. ft. for the free-stall area

Setting W. K. Kellogg Biological Station in Kalamazoo County Michigan, 42° 24’N, 85° 22’W

Cost $2.8 million

Construction Fall 2008 through Spring 2009

Dedication August 19, 2009

Seeking LEED® Rating

Silver

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Table of Contents

1 Introduction & Funding 2 Design & Construction Team 3 Sustainable Sites 4 Water Efficiency 5 Energy & Atmosphere 6 Materials & Resources 7 Indoor Environmental Quality 8 Innovation & Design Process


W.K. Kellogg Biological Station A Legacy of Conservation; A Commitment to Sustainability 1

Introduction & Funding The Michigan State University W.K. Kellogg Biological Station (KBS) is a year-round resident field station with a focus on terrestrial and aquatic environments. KBS supports undergraduate and graduate education and interacts with the community through the HManor HouseH, HBird Sanctuary H, HFarm H, and HConference Center H. KBS is Michigan State University's largest off-campus education complex and one of North America's premier inland field stations.

The mission of KBS is to develop programs in research, education, and outreach directed toward a comprehensive understanding of natural and managed ecosystems and the conservation of natural resources.

Kellogg Farm's efforts focus on dairy and crop production and its place in an ever changing agricultural landscape. The dairy includes 200-acres of irrigated pasture, a free-stall barn with robotic milking, a visitor education center, additional support buildings, and crop ground for the production of winter feed. The dairy supports research, outreach, and teaching in dairy production, animal health and welfare, pasture ecology and pasture management.

Because of the Kellogg Biological Station’s commitment to sustainability and educational role it was decided early in the building design process to incorporate Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification into the design of the facility. As the first working agricultural building to seek LEED certification some aspects of the Kellogg Biological Station dairy barn project did not fit easily into the LEED certification point system. For example, as a rural site there

is no local public transportation system and no other businesses within convenient walking distances. Even with limitations, in relation to the LEED certification point system, inherent to the project the close collaboration between design team members allowed the dairy barn to aspire to Silver level LEED certification.

This project was funded through a grant from the W.K. Kellogg Foundation with additional support from Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station (MAES), Michigan State University Extension (MSUE), and the Michigan State University Office of the Provost and College of Agriculture and Natural Resources.



Design & Construction Team

Owner

Michigan State University W.K. Kellogg Biological Station 3700 E Gull Lake Drive Hickory Corners, MI 49060

Owners Representatives

Phil Barry, Assistant Director of Facilities & Operations Dave Sherk, Physical Plant Manager Jim Bronson, Farm Manager Rob Ashley, Dairy Manager Larry Langshaw, Farm Maintenance Mechanic Mat Haan, Pasture Dairy Project Coordinator

Design Engineer

Jerry Wille Curry-Wille & Associates Consulting Engineers Ames, IA 50010 LEED AP

Debra Sypien Rockford Construction Grand Rapids MI, 49512 [email protected] Commissioning Agent

Carl Manning GMB Architects and Engineers Holland, MI, 49423 [email protected]

General Contractor Dan Wedeven Wedeven Brothers Construction Company Hamilton, MI 49419 [email protected]

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Sustainable Sites Because of the agricultural nature and rural location of this project some of the Sustainable Sites points in the LEED certification system were not applicable to this project (Credit 2 - Development Density & Community Connectivity and Credit 4.1 – Alternative Transportation, Public Transportation Access). However, because of the close collaboration of the design team we were able to achieve 8 of the 14 possible points for Sustainable Site selection and development. Bicycle rack and changing room are available and ride sharing is encouraged for employees when it is appropriate to promote use of alternative transportation. To protect surface and ground waters storm water quality are managed through natural infiltration with vegetated swales, infiltration trenches and pervious surfacing. To limit the amount of light pollution in the night sky from the facility full cut off wall pack lights only light down and do not spill into the sky needlessly.

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LLEEEEDD--NNCC VVeerrssiioonn 22..11::

SSuussttaaiinnaabbllee SSiitteess Credit Name and Number Points Construction Activity Pollution Prevention (Prerequisite 1)

Y

Alternative Transportation - Bicycle Storage & Changing Rooms (Credit 4.2)

1

Alternative Transportation - Low Emitting & Fuel Efficient Vehicles (Credit 4.3)

1

Alternative Transportation - Parking Capacity (Credit 4.4)

1

Site Development - Protect or Restore Habitat (Credit 5.1)

1

Site Development - Maximize Open Space (Credit 5.2)

1

Storm water Design - Quality Control (Credit 6.2)

1

Heat Island Effect - Roof (Credit 7.2)

1

Light Pollution Reduction (Credit 8) 1

8 of 14 points possible



Water Efficiency Four of the 5 possible points for water efficiency are being sought for this project. KBS’s goal concerning water usage is simply “to reduce it”, use less water. Steps taken are quite simple, use native and drought resistant landscaping to eliminate the need for water and expensive underground sprinklers. Water reduction practices are also implemented within the building. Low flow fixtures are able to reduce water usage within the building by 23.1% a year. This ends up saving more than 2,555 gallons of water throughout the year.

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WWaatteerr EEffffiicciieennccyy Credit Name and Number Points

Water Efficient Landscaping - Reduce by 50% (Credit 1.1)

1

Water Efficient Landscaping - No Potable Use or No Irrigation (Credit 1.2)

1

Water Use Reduction - 20% Reduction (Credit 3.1)

1

Water Use Reduction - 30% Reduction (Credit 3.2)

1

4 of 5 Possible Points



Energy & Atmosphere BByy iinnccoorrppoorraattiinngg ggrreeeenn bbuuiillddiinngg pprriinncciippaallss iinnttoo tthhee ddeessiiggnn aanndd ccoonnssttrruuccttiioonn pprroocceesssseess wwee aarree rreedduucciinngg tthhee bbuuiillddiinnggss iimmppaacctt oonn eenneerrggyy uussee aanndd tthhee aattmmoosspphheerree aanndd ccaappttuurriinngg 1100 ooff tthhee 1177 ppoossssiibbllee ppooiinnttss iinn tthhiiss aarreeaa.. TToo rreecceeiivvee ppooiinnttss ffoorr eennhhaanncceedd rreeffrriiggeerraanntt mmaannaaggeemmeenntt ssyysstteemmss aarree sseett uupp ttoo uussee aa rreeffrriiggeerraanntt tthhaatt ddooeess nnoott uussee tthhee oozzoonnee ddeepplleettiinngg CCFFCC ((CChhlloorroofflluuoorrooccaarrbboonnss)) oorr HHCCFFCC ((HHyyddrroocchhlloorroofflluuoorrooccaarrbboonnss)).. TThhee bbuuiillddiinngg’’ss HHVVAACC aanndd rreeffrriiggeerraattiioonn ssyysstteemmss hhaavvee uunnddeerrggoonnee tthhee ffuunnddaammeennttaall ccoommmmiissssiioonniinngg pprroocceessss aanndd aarree iinn tthhee mmiiddsstt ooff eennhhaannccee ccoommmmiissssiioonniinngg.. EEnnhhaanncceedd ccoommmmiissssiioonniinngg rreeqquuiirreess wwoorrkkiinngg wwiitthh tthhee tthhiirrdd ppaarrttyy ccoommmmiissssiioonniinngg aauutthhoorriittyy eeaarrllyy iinn tthhee ccoommmmiissssiioonniinngg pprroocceessss wwhheerree tthheeyy ccaann rreevviieeww tthhee ppllaannss,, mmaakkee ssuuggggeessttiioonnss oonn ssyysstteemmss,, rreevviieeww ssuubbmmiittttaallss aanndd aafftteerr tthhee systems performance is up and running verify completion, make sure that the staff is trained, produce a systems manual and follow with a ten month walk through to make sure the systems are performing to specifications.


EEnneerrggyy && AAttmmoosspphheerree

Credit Name and Number Points Fundamental Commissioning of the Building Energy Systems (Prerequisite 1)

Y

Minimum Energy Performance (Prerequisite 2)

Y

Fundamental Refrigerant Management (Prerequisite 3)

Y

Optimize Energy Performance (Credit 1)

9

Enhanced Commissioning (Credit 3)

1


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Materials & Resources The LEED certification process not only promotes practices that support sustainable construction but continues to encourage the use of sustainable practices once the building is occupied. As part of any LEED certified buildings a plan for the storage and collection of recyclables is require. Recyclables at the dairy barn are collected and combined with recyclables collected at other KBS buildings. This practice was easy to achieve because of the strong commitment to recycling at the Kellogg Biological Station and Michigan State University.

To prevent waste of natural resources and promote the use of recycled and regional materials 5 of the 13 points in the Materials & Resources area were earned for this project.

Construction activities can and do produce lots of waste. Instead of throwing all of that waste into a dumpster and contributing to the mountains of trash in our landfills the construction team was able to recycle or redirect 6600% (11.3 tons) of the total construction waste from the project. During construction a concerted effort was made to continue the recycling practice. Construction debris was sorted and disposed of in an environmentally responsible manner.

Use of regional materials decreases the carbon footprint of the construction project by reducing transport energy used to bringing materials to the construction site. The use of materials that have a recycled content cost less to produce and

manufacture and are encouraged. The base of the drive and parking areas was created with recycled crushed concrete.


MMaatteerriiaallss && RReessoouurrcceess

Credit Name and Number Points Storage & Collection of Recyclables: (Prerequisite 1)

Y

Construction Waste Management - Divert 50% from Disposal (Credit 2.1)

1

Recycled Content - 10% (post- consumer + 1/2 pre-consumer) (Credit 4.1)

1

Recycled Content - 20% (post- consumer + 1/2 pre-consumer) (Credit 4.2)

1

Regional Materials - 10% Extracted, Processed & Manufactured Regionally (Credit 5.1)

1

Regional Materials - 20% Extracted, Processed & Manufactured Regionally (Credit 5.2)

1


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IInnddoooorr EEnnvviirroonnmmeennttaall QQuuaalliittyy Credit Name and Number Points Minimum IAQ Performance (Prerequisite 1)

Y

Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control (Prerequisite 2)

Y

Increased Ventilation (Credit 2) 1 Construction IAQ Management Plan - During Construction (Credit 3.1)

1

Low-Emitting Materials - Adhesives & Sealants (Credit 4.1)

1

Low-Emitting Materials - Paints and Coatings (Credit 4.2)

1

Controllability of Systems - Lighting (Credit 6.1)

1

Controllability of Systems - Thermal Comfort (Credit 6.2)

1




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IInnnnoovvaattiioonn && DDeessiiggnn PPrroocceessss Description PointsInnovation in Design – Educational Program (Credit 1.1)

1

Innovation in Design – Rural Community Revitalization (Credit 1.2)

1

Innovation in Design – Process Water Savings – Green Housekeeping (Credit 1.3)

1

LEED Accredited Professional (Credit 2)

1


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