kb-Link-060214-1459-86766
2
Link A object connects two , and , separated by length , such link joints i j L that specialized structural behavior may be modeled. Linear, , nonlinear and frequency-dependent properties may be assigned to each of the six deformational degrees-of-freedom (DOF) which are internal to a link, including axial, shear, torsion, and pure bending. Internal deformation is then calculated from joint displacement relative to joint j i , where may be grounded to simulate a support point. To utilize i nonlinear and frequency-dependent properties, corresponding analysis must be defined and run. cases Link (F-D) relationships may be specified for each of force-deformation the 6-DOF to simulate: Multi-linear springs (uniaxial elasticity) Wen behavior (uniaxial plasticity) Kinematic, Takeda, and pivot behavior (multi-linear hysteretic uniaxial plasticity) Gap (compression-only) and hook (tension-only) elements Isolation devices (biaxial-plasticity and friction-pendulum isolators with optional uplift) Viscoelastic is specified in Force/Velocity units damping All shear deformation is assumed to occur within a shear spring. Shear-spring location may be specified in terms of distance from joint , where j dj2 is the major-axis shear-spring location, and dj3, the minor-axis. As such, dj2 represents the location for 1-2 plane shearing and 1-3 plane bending, while dj3 is the reverse. Either translation or rotation may induce shear deformation. Each of the six springs and hinges which correlate with internal link deformation may actually be several coincident components which form a system of springs and dashpots. F-D relationships within a single DOF, or among multiple DOF, may be coupled or independent. Each F-D relationship is defined within a local coordinate system which is specific to that link. Links may be of zero length, as is the case with links grounded at support points. For dynamic analysis, numerical solution requires that , and mass moments of inertia , , and mass m mr1 mr2 mr3 , be assigned to a link such that response captures translational and rotational inertia. Half of each of these values will be assigned to each joint within a link. Internal deformation and internal forces are then reported as output local to each joint. Additional information is available in the CSI A (The Link/Support Element Basic, page 229) (The Link/Support Element Advanced, page 253). nalysis Reference Manual and Articles Tutorials Title Description Program Tuned-mass damper An overview of the tuned-mass damper and guidelines for modeling the device. SAP2000 Test Problems Title Description Program Line and area springs This test problem demonstrates and validates the application of line and area springs. SAP2000
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Transcript of kb-Link-060214-1459-86766
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Link
A object connects two , and , separated by length , suchlink joints i j Lthat specialized structural behavior may be modeled. Linear, ,nonlinearand frequency-dependent properties may be assigned to each of thesix deformational degrees-of-freedom (DOF) which are internal to alink, including axial, shear, torsion, and pure bending. Internaldeformation is then calculated from joint displacement relative to joint j i, where may be grounded to simulate a support point. To utilizeinonlinear and frequency-dependent properties, corresponding analysis
must be defined and run.cases
Link (F-D) relationships may be specified for each offorce-deformationthe 6-DOF to simulate:
Multi-linear springs (uniaxial elasticity)Wen behavior (uniaxial plasticity)Kinematic, Takeda, and pivot behavior (multi-linearhystereticuniaxial plasticity)Gap (compression-only) and hook (tension-only) elementsIsolation devices (biaxial-plasticity and friction-pendulumisolators with optional uplift)
Viscoelastic is specified in Force/Velocity unitsdamping
All shear deformation is assumed to occur within a shear spring. Shear-spring location may be specified in terms of distance from joint , wherejdj2 is the major-axis shear-spring location, and dj3, the minor-axis. As such, dj2 represents the location for 1-2 plane shearing and 1-3 planebending, while dj3 is the reverse. Either translation or rotation may induce shear deformation. Each of the six springs and hinges which correlatewith internal link deformation may actually be several coincident components which form a system of springs and dashpots. F-D relationshipswithin a single DOF, or among multiple DOF, may be coupled or independent.
Each F-D relationship is defined within a local coordinate system which is specific to that link. Links may be of zero length, as is the case withlinks grounded at support points. For dynamic analysis, numerical solution requires that , and mass moments of inertia , , and mass m mr1 mr2 mr3, be assigned to a link such that response captures translational and rotational inertia. Half of each of these values will be assigned to each jointwithin a link. Internal deformation and internal forces are then reported as output local to each joint. Additional information is available in the CSI A
(The Link/Support Element Basic, page 229) (The Link/Support Element Advanced, page 253).nalysis Reference Manual and
Articles
TutorialsTitle Description Program
Tuned-mass damper An overview of the tuned-mass damper andguidelines for modeling the device.
SAP2000
Test ProblemsTitle Description Program
Line and area springs This test problem demonstrates andvalidates the application of line and areasprings.
SAP2000
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Modeling segmental-bridge joint openings The modeling and response of jointopenings, simulated using gap link elements,between shell segments of a post-tensionedbridge deck.
CSiBridge
Link
