Kazuyuki TsurumiFAO Representative in the Philippines

04 July 2011, Balai Kalinaw, UP Diliman, Quezon City

Civil Society Forum on Aid and Development Effectiveness in Agriculture and Rural

Development

FAO’s Perspective on Aid and Development Effectiveness in Agriculture and Rural

Development

The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations

CONTEXT 1

• In the 2005 World Summit Outcome, the UN Secretary-General committed

"to launch work to further strengthen the management and coordination of United Nations operational activities so that they can make an even more effective contribution to the achievement of the internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), including proposals for consideration by Member States for more tightly managed entities in the fields of development, humanitarian assistance and the environment.“

CONTEXT 1

Paris Declaration on Aid

Effectiveness

CONTEXT 2

From 91 countries, 26 donor organizations, representatives of CSOs and the private sector, the Ministers as well as the Heads of multilateral and bilateral development institutions committed their countries and institutions to far-reaching and monitorable actions to significantly increase aid effectiveness• Main commitments include:

– Developing countries will exercise effective leadership over their development policies, strategies, and to coordinate development actions;

– Donor countries will base their overall support on receiving countries' national development strategies, institutions, and procedures;

– Donor countries will work so that their actions are more harmonized, transparent, and collectively effective;

– All countries will manage resources and improve decision-making for results;

– Donor and developing countries pledge that they will be mutually accountable for development results.

FAO Reform

CONTEXT 3

• Independent Evaluation of FAO’s Decentralization – Further Management Response (September 2005)

• Independent External Evaluation (2007): Recommendation on the Technical Cooperation at the Country Level

FAO Response: Decentralization

• Adaptation of programming approaches at the country level

• New management mechanisms of programs and financial resources in line with the principles of country ownership, effectiveness, transparency, accountability, capacity

• introduction of a new operating model and delegation of administrative, budgetary and program responsibilities to the Regional offices and FAO Representations;

FAO Response: Programme approach

Country Programming Framework (CPF), linked to the United Nations Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF)

Conceptual Framework for Assistance to Member Countrieso Right to Food

What is CPF?

• is a planning and management tool introduced to better focusing FAO attention at country level

• is FAO's input in the UN Common Country Programming Process (such as, UNDAF) or Delivering as One

FAO Response: Programme approach

• is a programming tool for developing fund mobilization strategy

• is a Government-FAO agreed programming for FAO assistance and support in the country under wider consultation

WHY CPF?

• Because it allows the member country and FAO to achieve

FAO Response: Programme approach

strategic vision of priority areas for FAO assistance in the short and medium term

higher predictability of resources if and when mobilized (FAO not being a funding agency)

increased effectiveness of assistance as it is more focused

better performance through inclusion of a results based approach

alignment with the other development partners

transparency and accountability towards the country and the partners

FAO Response: Programme approach

Conceptual Framework for Assistance to Member Countries:

Why the Right to Food?

The right of everyone to an adequate standard of living, including adequate food

The fundamental right of everyone to be free from hunger

- International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 160 State Parties

... because it is a legal obligation.

... because it is a political commitment.

FAO Constitution since 1965 “...and thus ensuring humanity’s freedom from hunger”

World Food Summits 1996, 2002, 2009

Millennium Declaration 2000, Outcome MDG Review 2010

FAO Strategic Framework: Organizational Result

Why the Right to Food?

Why the Right to Food?

... because we have a practical tool.

Right to Food Voluntary Guidelines

Adopted by the FAO Council in November 2004

Practical tool to implement right to rood obligations

Tackling the root causes of hunger (enabling environment)

Why are they useful?

Cover all necessary elements of a sound food security strategy and process

Framework for cross-sectoral coordination

Translate human rights principles into concrete recommendations for action

Provide a basis for advocating for more equitable policies and programs

Voluntary Guidelines (19 aspects)

Every personStates

Everyone

Right to Food is more

RightObligationsResponsibilities

Human rights principles - Accountability

. . . is Human Rights Based Approach. It follows the human right principles

Participation

Accountability

Non Discrimination

Transparency

Human dignity

Empowerment

Rule of Law

The basic idea underlying the rights-based approach to development assistance would be that, in the context of international cooperation, efforts done in the name of development shall be conducive to the realization of human rights. This means on the one hand, development cooperation shall not impede the enjoyment of human rights while on the other hand, it should also contribute to improve the enjoyment of those rights for all.

- FIAN, 2008

... mainstreaming in practice

Goal: food security and nutrition programs should further human rights as laid down in human rights standards and use right to food considerations when identifying priorities

Process: Human rights principles and standards guide development cooperation and programming, thus improving efficiency and quality of outcomes

Outcome: projects develop the capacities of duty bearers to meet their obligations and of rights holders to claim their rights, paradigm shift, from service delivery to capacity development.

Step by step:1) Assessment/Situation analysis

• examine the legal and policy environments, treaties

• assess social, economic and cultural aspects, including budget

• information should be disaggregated• the assessment process should be participatory

and include representatives from marginalized groups

• a variety of sources will be used• information and assessment process is sensitive

to cultures

Step by step:2) Planning and design

• development challenge is formulated as a human rights issue (root causes of hunger)

• the priority is the achievement of human rights• human rights principles included in the design• focus on people, on the most vulnerable• empowerment

HR-based LogframeInput: guided by human rights principlesOutput: tangible contribution to Capacity BuildingOutcome: increased performance of rights

holders and duty bearersImpact: realization of human rights

Step by step: 3) Implementation

human rights principles and standards are consistently being respected throughout the programming cycle

equality and non-discrimination: priority given to the most marginalized groups, continuous assessment whether inequalities exist

accountability: are roles and responsibilities in the implementation clear? how is information shared? what complaint mechanisms are in place for those affected?

participation: who are the disadvantaged groups participating in the programme? what kind of capacity building?

Step by step: 4) Monitoring and evaluation

monitoring comprises the process - measurable now - and the outputs/results – only visible in the long term

with whom? right holders and duty bearers, CSO’s

how to measure? human rights principles and standards guide the selection of indicators

indicators show how HR principles have been incorporated (marginalized groups involved, equal representation, resources spent on making information accessible)

indicators show how HR have contributed to effectiveness

Indeed the only measures of aid’s effectiveness are its contribution to the sustained alleviation of poverty and its

promotion of human rights and environmental sustainability.

- FIAN, 2008

Measure of aid’s effectiveness

The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations

Salamat Po.